英语四级知识点.doc

1、 从 100 套真题中提炼而出的 100 百个经典句子1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn. 1.美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。2. Of the millions who saw Haleys comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century. 2. 1986 年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当

2、中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？ 3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions. 3.人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largel

3、y discontinued. 4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。 5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable. 5.任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。 6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater th

4、e need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse. 6.一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。 7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure ones meaning. 7.简明，直接，有力的写作难于花哨，含混而意义模糊的表达。 8. With modern offices beco

5、ming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors. 8.随着现代办公室的日益自动化，设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。 9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken. 9.诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的，而后者是口头的。 10. The knee is the joints

6、 where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg. 10.膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。 11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red. 11.酸是一种化合物，它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性，并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。 12. B

7、illie Holidays reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs. 12. Billie Holidays 作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。 13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality. 13.理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达

8、。14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises. 14.儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前，很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。 15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.

9、15.受当代灌溉(技术设施)之赐，农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。 16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them. 16.机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷，以便校准机械计时器。 17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and technique

10、s to document observations that can be checked by others. 17.人类学是一门科学，因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果，而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris. 18.真菌在腐化过程中十分重要，而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤，提高其肥力，并

11、分解动物粪便。19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time. 19.音叉被敲击时，产生几乎纯质的音调，其音量经久不衰。 20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois. 20.虽然美洲山河桃树最集

12、中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating. 21.用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil. 22.一个国家的主要食物是什么，大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。23. Over a

13、very large number of trials, the probability of an events occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur. 23.在大量的实验中，某一事件发生的几率等于它不发生的几率。24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substances solid is higher than the density of its liquid. 24.大多数物质遇冷收缩，所以他们的密度在

14、固态时高于液态。 25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood. 25.大脑细胞储存记忆的机理并不为人明白。 26. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art. 26.到了二十一世纪中叶，美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。 27.

15、 In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center. 27.伊丽莎白市，一个重要的航运和制造业中心，坐落于新泽西州的东部。 28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely f

16、emale medical staff. 28. Elizabeth Blackwell，美国第一个女医生，创建了员工一直为女性纽约诊所。 29. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone. 29. Alexander Graham Bell 曾告诉家人，他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师，而非电话的发明者。30. Because its leaves rem

17、ain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.30.采摘下的迷迭香树叶常绿不衰，因此人们把迷迭香树与怀念联系在一起。31. Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact. 31.骨头看起来是脆硬的，但它也有一定的弹性，使得骨骼能够承受相当的打击。 32. That

18、 xenon could not FORM chemical compounds was once believed by scientists. 32.科学家曾相信：氙气是不能形成化合物的。 33. Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life. 33.对风暴动力学的研究是为了提高风暴预测从而减少损失，避免人员伤亡。34. The el

19、imination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed. 34.消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱应与所贷款的价值相同。 35. Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by

20、emphasizing the machine and motion. 35.未来主义，二十世纪早期的一个艺术思潮。拒绝一切传统，试图通过强调机械和动态来美化生活。36. One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected. 36. Everglades 是美国境内最为荒凉和人迹罕至的地区之一，此处有大量的野生动植物而且大多受(法律)保护。37. Lucretia Motts i

21、nfluence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States. 37. Lucretia Motts 的影响巨大，所以一些权威部门认定她为美国女权运动的创始人。 38. The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer

22、. 38.国际市场研究者的活动范围常常较国内市场研究者广阔。39. The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific. 39.大陆分水岭是指北美洛矶山脉上的一道想象线，该线把大西洋流域和太平洋流域区分开来。 40. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth in

23、dicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them. 40.对地球引力的研究表明，在不寻常的负荷之下地壳和地幔会发生位移。 41. The annual worth of Utahs manufacturing is greater than that of its mining and farming combined. 41.尤它州制造业的年产值大于其工业和农业的总和。 42. The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often

24、 grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support. 42.墙花之所以叫墙花，是因为其脆弱的枝干经常要靠墙壁或顺石崖生长，以便有所依附。43. It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology. 43.社会心理学的主要焦点是人与人之间的交往，而不是他们各自生活中的事件。 44. No social crusade aroused Eli

25、zabeth Williams enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States. 44.给美国的新移民增加教育设施比任何社会运动都更多的激发了 Elizabeth Williams 的热情。 45. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding

26、places. 45.典型的鹌鹑都长有短而圆的翅膀，凭此他们可以在受惊时一跃而起，飞离它们的躲藏地。46. According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. 46.根据人类学家的说法，直立行走的人的鼻祖面部轮廓与黑猩猩相似，额头后倾，眉毛突出。 47. Not until 1866 was the fully successful

27、 transatlantic cable finally laid. 47.直到 1866 年第一条横跨大西洋的电缆才完全成功的架通。 48. In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology. 48. John Crowe Ransom 在他的著作中描述了他认为是由科学技术给社会带来的精神贫困。49. Children with parents whose guidan

28、ce is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence. 49.父母的教导如果坚定，始终如一和理性，孩子就有可能充满自信。 50. The ancient Hopewell people of North America probably cultivated corn and other crops, but hunting and gathering were still of critical importance in their economy. 50.北美

29、远古的 Hopewell 人很可能种植了玉米和其他农作物，但打猎和采集对他们的经济贸易仍是至关重要的。黄金词组1.随着经济的快速发展/人民生活水平的显著提高With the rapid development of economy/the remarkable improvement of peoples living standard.2.面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges3.人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that4.社会/科技发展的必然结果the inevita

30、ble result of social/technological development5.引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention6. 产生深远影响：have/has a profound influence on; have/has dramatic/undesirable effect on7.持有完全不同的观点hold a totally different argument8.对必不可少be indispensable to 9.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly import

31、ant role in10.正如谚语所说As a famous western proverb/saying goes that四级作文常用谚语1.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。2.God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。3.Easier said than done. 说来容易做来难。4.Where there is a will， there is a way. 有志者事竟成5. Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。6. All work and no play mak

32、es jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。7. More hasty, less speed. 欲速则不达。8. Its never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。9.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。10. Look before you leap. 三思而后行。11. Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。12. It is hard to please all. 众口难调。13. Out of sight,

33、out of mind.眼不见，心不念。14. First things first. 凡事有轻重缓急。15. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。16. Adversity makes a man wise, not rich. 逆境出人才。17. Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。18. Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。19.As the tree, so the fruit. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。重在变化 避免重复1、词汇：同一文章中相同意思的词要争

34、取不断用近义词替换，以显示文章用词的灵活性。2 借助经典谚语名句为增强使用效果，建议诸位：1、在平时的写作练习中多注意总结积累，每个话题都要背上几句。2、尽量用在文章的开头结尾，以及每段的开头，这样才能引人注目。经典句型1、 is the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen (known/ heard/ had/ read, etc)e.g. Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。2、Nothing is + more + 形容词 +

35、 than to + Ve.g. Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。3、cannot emphasize the importance of too much.(再强调.的重要性也不为过。)e.g. We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我们再强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过4、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子(全世界都知道.)e.g. It is univer

36、sally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的5、There is no doubt that + 句子 (毫无疑问，.)e.g. There is no doubt that using the solar energy is clean.毫无疑问,使用太阳能很清洁。6、That is thee xact reason why(那就是.的真正原因)e.g. Summer is very hot ,and that is there ason why I dont like it. 夏天很热。那就是

37、我不喜欢它的真正原因。7、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子(如此.以致于.)e.g. So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.时间如此珍贵，经不起浪费。8、Adj + as be, 主语 + V (虽然.)e.g. Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。11、It is obvious/ apparent/ conceivable

38、that+句子(明显的)e.g. It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 显而易见，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。12、 be based on(以.为基础)e.g. The progress of the society is based on harmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的13、be closely related to .(与.息息相关) e.g. Taking exercise is closely related to health. 做运动与健康息息相关。14、D

39、ue to/Owing to/Thanks to + N./V-ing, (因为.)e.g. Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream. 因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。15、have/has a great influence on (对.有很大的影响)e.g. Smoking has a great influence on our health. 抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响、句子：不一定要用长难从句，只要避免相邻句子句式太多的一致即可。一、词汇的理解词汇是阅读理解中首先要处理的最小语义单位，阅读时总要碰到一些不认

40、识的或虽然认识但在意义上与上下文似乎不相吻合的词语。这些词既影响理解，也影响情绪，因而成为有效阅读的障碍。对于阅读中碰到的生僻词，我们首先要学会识别哪些情况下即使不了解词义也不影响对短文的理解;其次是转变对生僻词义认识上的态度，即在许多情况下不必了解该词的确切意义，尤其没有必要了解它在英汉辞典中的中文释义，而只需对该词词义的一般(大概而笼统) 的理解就行。实践中，在确定了短文中哪些生僻词的词义有必要作一大概了解后，我们可以从以下两个角度来猜度词义:1.构词知识，即利用词汇内部各组成部件的相互关系来确定词义。所谓构词知识，指的是利用单词的构词要素(词根、前缀和后缀) 来识记单词的能力。词根是一个

41、单词的根本部分，代表词的基本意义;前缀是加在词根或单词前面的部分，通常也有一定含义;后缀是加在词根或单词后面的部分，通常在增加词义的同时还改变词性。通过词根词缀的构词方式有多种，现简单归纳如下:前缀+词根: inter-(中间)+veneintervene (介入)词根+后缀: circl (圆)+-let (小)circlet (小环)词根+词根: tele (远)+scope (镜)telescope (望远镜 )前缀+ 词根+后缀: in-(不)+aud (听)+-ible (可) inaudible (听不见 )双前缀+词根: re-(再)+dis-(取下)+cover (盖)redi

42、scover (再发现) 词根+双后缀: care (用心)+-less (不)+-ly (地)carelessly (不小心地 )前缀+双词根: tri-(三)+gono (角)+ metry (测量)trigonometry (三角几何)双词根+ 后缀: biblio (书)+phil (爱)+-ist (人) bibliophilist (书籍爱好者)双前缀+词根+ 后缀: ir-(不)+re-(反对)+sist (站)+-ibleirresistible (不可抵抗的)2.上下文线索，即利用词汇外部该词与句中其它词语乃至上下文其它语句的意义关系来推测词义。利用上下文线索猜测词义的方法很

43、多，但这些方法的核心是寻找与该生僻词相关的上下文意义线索，这些线索主要可归纳为以下几种:同义定义。为了便于读者理解作者本义，作者有时会对文中的生僻词或专业性较强的词直接给出定义释义。在下定义时，作者常使用些信号词。二、预测预测作为一种思维活动，是指对未来的推测，它不是盲目猜估，而是根据已知对未知的逻辑预测，因此，它必须有据以预测的前提，即已知信息，就是已读到并理解的语言信息。在阅读中，能否积极进行预测，直接影响到阅读理解的质量和深度。不善于边读边进行预测的阅读不是积极的阅读，不可能比较全面地把握短文的篇章结构和语义层次，而对作者的思想脉络、观点态度及短文的深层次含义，则只能流于一知半解。这样，

44、对于难度较大的文章，读起来就更是如坠烟云，碰到推理型理解题，则往往无从下手。考试中的阅读短文都是较难的文章，因此阅读时一定要善于在理解已知信息的基础上对随之可能出现的信息进行积极预测。预测时，应学会借助主题句、关联词语等篇章信息来提高预测的准确性。如，有一篇短文以这样一句开头: Many people believe the glare from snow causes snowblindness. Yet这里根据表示转折的关联词 Yet,预测到下面可能出现的是主题句，又必然要否定本句中许多人的观点，即 snowblindness (雪盲) 可能由 glare from snow 以外的其它原

45、因引起。原文紧接着的是: Yet, dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindness, when exposed to several hours of“snow light”.据此主题，我们可以比较有把握地预测到下文将着墨于引起“雪盲”的真正原因。但预测不一定总是正确，它需要在继续阅读中予以肯定、否定或修正。上例中下文的内容与预测相近，表示理解过程正确。如预测与下文不一致，则有两种可能:对前面内容的理解有偏差;据以预测的那部分

46、语言信息可能有多种不同理解，因而可据以作出多种不同的预测。无论是哪一种情况，都有必要重新审阅前文，或纠正理解偏差、或领悟其中特殊含义，调整理解思路。预测有顺向预测和逆向预测两种，上面两例均为顺向预测。所谓逆向预测，实为预测的一种特殊形式，应用于已知下文要推知上文的场合。如: The railroad was not the first institution to impose regularity on society, or to draw attention to the importance of precise timekeeping.根据本句，我们可以预测到文章下面要谈的是铁路设施以外的引起社会重视计时、守时的other social institutions。同时，我们还可以反过来推知文章前面论及的可能是铁路作为一种social institution 是怎样 impose regularity on society 从而使人重视 precise timekeeping 的。阅读中积极运用顺向和逆向预测，除上面谈到的能提高对文章的理解深度外，还可帮助我们读懂本难以读懂的章节，因此，这一方法对难度较大的阅读考试来说，尤为重要。三、判断人们的各种思维活动都离不开判断，阅读理解过程实际上也是一个不断根据语言信息进行