高中英语人教版必修一Unit-4知识点汇总及强化练习.doc

1、- 1 -Unit 4 Earthquakes单元要点预览词语辨析1. congratulate / celebrate2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm3. rise / raise / lift4. hurt / injure / wound1. frighten vt. 吓唬；使惊吓frightened n. 受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的2. nation n. 民族；国家；国民national adj. 民族的；国家的词形变化3. suffer v. 受苦; 吃苦头suffering n. 苦难；痛苦sufferer n.受

2、苦者; 受难者重点单词1. burst v. 吃苦头suffering n. 苦难；痛苦 sufferer n.受苦者; 受难者- 4 -【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1) Hes travelled to the _ of Western Europe. (nation)2) We are talking about _ and international issues. (nation)3） _ children were calling for their mothers. (frighten)4） The child _to death by the violent thund

3、erstorm. (frighten)5） It is even _ to think of the horrors of nuclear war. (frighten)6） We _ huge losses in the financial crisis. (suffer) 7) Theyre arthritis _. (suffer)8) There is so much _ in this world. (suffer)重点词汇 1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆发, 突然破裂典例 1).The red balloon suddenly burst. 那个红色的气球突然爆了。2).

4、 The police burst through the door. 警察破门而入。3). On hearing the news, Leslie burst into laughter while Tracy burst out crying. 一听到这则消息，Leslie 突然大笑，而 Tracy 则突然大哭起来。4). A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song. 歌声结束后响起了一阵掌声。重点用法burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑 burst into tea

5、rs = burst out crying 突然大哭练习 中译英1). 水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。_2). 太阳突然从云端里露出来。_2. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救- 5 -典例 1). The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. 警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。2). The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake. 营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。3). Michael rescued a boy from dro

6、wning. 迈克把溺水的男孩救了起来。重点用法rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把.从营救出来come to/ go to sbs rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援队a rescue mission 救援任务 rescue workers 救援人员练习 用 rescue 的适当形式填空1). The mother, along with her two children, _from the sinking boat by a passing ship.2). The firemen _ five children

7、 from the burning house yesterday. 3. judge n.&v. 法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，估计典例 1). His father used to be a judge. 他的父亲过去是一名法官。2). Shes a good judge of wine. 她是鉴别酒的专家。- 6 -3). The blind cant judge colors. 盲人无法判断颜色。4). Dont judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。重点用法judge sb./ sth. by/from 通过判断as far as I judge 我认为jud

8、ging from 从来看， 根据判断练习 用与 judge 相关的词汇填空1). _his appearance, he must be a rich man.2). _ , he must be from the south.4. ruin v.&n. 毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数）典例 1). The hurricane ruined all the houses here. 飓风使这里所有的房屋成为废墟。2). He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。重点用法be in ruins 呈一片废墟 fall i

9、nto ruin 变成废墟 come to ruin 毁灭，落空 ruin oneself 自我毁灭 bring sb. to ruin 使毁灭练习 中译英1). 那建筑物已成断壁残垣。_2). 那教堂已破败不堪。_ 重点词组 1. right away 立刻，马上- 7 -典例1).Ill return the book to you right away. 我会马上还书给你。2). If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away. 如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。短语归纳“立刻，马上 ”的表达方式：right away，right

10、 now，at once，immediately ， in no time练习 中译英请立刻把它打印出来。2. at an end 结束，终结（= finished）典例1). The war was finally at an end. 战争终于结束了。短语归纳与 end 搭配的常用短语 at the end of 在末尾 by the end of 在末为止in the end 最后，终于 at a loose end 无所事事，处于杂乱状态make ends meet 收支相抵练习 用 at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end 填空。1). Ho

11、w many English words have you learned _ last term?2). He became an outstanding doctor _.3). My uncle will fly to China _ this year.3. instead of 代替，而不是典例1). The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks. 中国人不用刀叉,用筷子。- 8 -2). Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time. 杰克不去工作,虚度着光阴。3)

12、. She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday. 她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。短语归纳instead 是副词，单独使用，用于句首或句末作状语，意为“ 代替；相反”。instead of 是复合介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词，其后面的动作，意为“代替、而不 ”。in place of 为介词短语，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表“以甲代乙” ，不含比，而 instead of 则是“用甲不用乙”，除“ 代替”外，还有对乙作否定的意思，有时意为“不”。take the place of 作谓语，用在名词、代词前。练习 单项选择。1)

13、. Tractors _ horses in many places. A. in place of B. have taken the place of C. instead D. instead of 2). You should be out playing _ working indoors all day. A. in spite of B. take the place of C. instead D. instead of4. tens of thousands of 数以万计的典例 1). Tens of thousands of people were watching th

14、e game in the stadium when it began to rain heavily.短语归纳hundreds of 数百的 hundreds of and thousands of 成百上千的thousands of 数千的 millions of 数百万的dozens of 许多； 大量 scores of 许多； 大量练习 选择填空1). Every year _ foreign visitors come to China.A. tens of thousands of B. ten thousands of- 9 -C. over ten thousands D.

15、thousands upon thousands2). There were _ people in the hall.A. two scores of B. scores ofC. two and score D. two scoresV 重点句子 1. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 老鼠跑到地里找地方躲。解释 这句话中的 looking for places to hide 是作 ran out of the fields 的伴随状况，这是动词的现在分词形式的一个用法。现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条

16、件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 （1）现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词 when, while 引出。While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。（2）现在分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Not knowing his address, I cant send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书

17、送给他。 Many of us, being so excited, couldnt go to sleep that night. 因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。 （3）现在分词短语作结果状语。如： His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。 She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。 （4）现在分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语

18、的另一个、较次要的动作。如： They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。 Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly. - 10 -年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。（5）现在分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。如： A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very sma

19、ll. 一个人如站在大山的脚下会发现自己很渺小。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 注：现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。（6） “with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+现在分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如： His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the windo

20、w. 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。 练习 中译英1). 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。_2). 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。_2. All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破灭了。解释All the students do not know how to deal with the problem. = Not all the students know how to deal with the problem. 并非所有的学生都知道如何解决个问题。I dont know all of them. 我并不认识他们所有的人。表示“全体”意义的代词、副词或形容 “all, both, every, everybody, always” 等和否定副词 not 连用时表部分否定, 而“none, neither, nobody, nothing” 等表完全否定。如：Everyone doesnt like the story. = Not everyone likes the story. 并非每个人都喜欢这个故事。Nobody likes the story. 没人喜欢这个故事。