环境管理系统—规范及使用指南【外文翻译】.doc

1、0外文文献翻译ENVIRONMENTMANAGEMENTSYSTEMREQUIREMENTSWITHGUIDANCEFORUSEORGANIZATIONSOFALLKINDSAREINCREASINGLYCONCERNEDTOACHIEVEANDDEMONSTRATESOUNDENVIRONMENTALPERFORMANCEBYCONTROLLINGTHEIMPACTOFTHEIRACTIVITIES,PRODUCTSORSERVICESONTHEENVIRONMENT,TAKINGINTOACCOUNTTHEIRENVIRONMENTALPOLICYANDOBJECTIVESTHEYDOSO

2、INTHECONTEXTOFINCREASINGLYSTRINGENTLEGISLATION,THEDEVELOPMENTOFECONOMICPOLICIESANDOTHERMEASURESTOFOSTERENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION,ANDAGENERALGROWTHOFCONCERNFROMINTERESTEDPARTIESABOUTENVIRONMENTALMATTERSINCLUDINGSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTMANYORGANIZATIONSHAVEUNDERTAKENENVIRONMENTAL“REVIEWS“OR“AUDITS“TOASSES

3、STHEIRENVIRONMENTALPERFORMANCEONTHEIROWN,HOWEVER,THESE“REVIEWS“AND“AUDITS“MAYNOTBESUFFICIENTTOPROVIDEANORGANIZATIONWITHTHEASSURANCETHATITSPERFORMANCENOTONLYMEETS,BUTWILLCONTINUETOMEET,ITSLEGALANDPOLICYREQUIREMENTSTOBEEFFECTIVE,THEYNEEDTOBECONDUCTEDWITHINORGANIZATIONSSCOPETHISINTERNATIONALSTANDARDSPE

4、CIFIESREQUIREMENTSFORANENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMTOENABLEANORGANIZATIONTODEVELOPANDIMPLEMENTAPOLICYANDOBJECTIVESWHICHTAKEINTOACCOUNTLEGALREQUIREMENTSANDOTHERREQUIREMENTSTOWHICHORGANIZATIONSSUBSCRIBES,ANDINFORMATIONABOUTSIGNIFICANTENVIRONMENTALASPECTSITDOESNOTITSELFSTATESPECIFICENVIRONMENTALPERFOR

5、MANCECRITERIATHISINTERNATIONALSTANDARDISAPPLICABLETOANYORGANIZATIONTHATWISHESTOAESTABLISH,IMPLEMENT,MAINTAINANDIMPROVEANENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMBASSUREITSELFOFITSCONFORMITYWITHITSSTATEDENVIRONMENTALPOLICYCDEMONSTRATECONFORMANCEWITHTHISINTERNATIONALSTANDARDBY1MAKEASELFDETERMINATIONANDSELFDECLARA

6、TION,OR2SEEKCONFIRMATIONOFITSCONFORMANCEBYPARTIESHAVEANINTERESTINTHEORGANIZATIONS,SUCHASCLIENT,OR3SEEKCONFIRMATIONOFITSSELFDECLARATIONBYAPARTYEXTERNALTOTHEORGANIZATIONS,OR14SEEKCERTIFICATION/REGISTRATIONOFITSENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMBYANEXTERNALORGANIZATIONALLTHEREQUIREMENTSINTHESTANDARDAREINTEN

7、DEDTOBEINCORPORATEDINTOANYENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMTHEEXTENTOFTHEAPPLICATIONWILLDEPENDONSUCHFACTORSASTHEENVIRONMENTALPOLICYOFTHEORGANIZATION,THENATUREOFITSACTIVITIES,PRODUCTSANDTHELOCATIONSINWHICHITSFUNCTIONTHISINTERNATIONALSTANDARDALSOPROVIDES,INANNEXA,INFORMATIVEGUIDANCEONITSUSENORMATIVEREFERE

8、NCESNONORMATIVEREFERENCESARECITEDTHISCLAUSEISINCLUDEDINORDERTORETAINCLAUSENUMBERINGIDENTICALWITHTHEPREVIOUSEDITIONTERMSANDDEFINITIONSFORTHEPURPOSESOFTHISDOCUMENT,THEFOLLOWINGTERMS31AUDITORPERSONWITHTHECOMPETENCETOCONDUCTANAUDIT32CONTINUALIMPROVEMENTRESUMINGPROCESSOFENHANCINGTHEENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMEN

9、TSYSTEMINORDERTOACHIEVEIMPROVEMENTSINOVERALLENVIRONMENTALPERFORMANCECONSISTENTWITHTHEORGANIZATIONSENVIRONMENTALPOLICYNOTETHEPROCESSNEEDNOTTAKEPLACEINALLAREASOFACTIVITYSIMULTANEOUSLY33CORRECTIVEACTIONACTIONTOELIMINATETHECAUSEOFADETECTEDNONCONFORMITY34DOCUMENTINFORMATIONANDITSSUPPORTINGMEDIUMNOTETHEME

10、DIUMCANBEPAPER,MAGNETIC,ELECTRONICOROPTICALCOMPUTERDISC,PHOTOGRAPHORMASTERSAMPLE,ORACOMBINATIONTHEREOF35ENVIRONMENTSURROUNDINGSINWHICHANORGANIZATIONOPERATES,INCLUDINGAIR,WATER,LAND,NATURALRESOURCES,FLORA,FAUNA,HUMANS,ANDTHEIRINTERRELATIONNOTESURROUNDINGSINTHISCONTEXTEXTENDFROMWITHINANORGANIZATIONTOT

11、HEGLOBALSYSTEM236ENVIRONMENTALASPECTELEMENTOFANORGANIZATIONSACTIVITIES,PRODUCTSORSERVICESTHATCANINTERACTWITHTHEENVIRONMENT37ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTANYCHANGETOTHEENVIRONMENT,WHETHERADVERSEORBENEFICIAL,WHOLLYORPARTIALLYRESULTINGFROMANORGANIZATIONSENVIRONMENTALASPECT38ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMPARTOFTHE

12、ORGANIZATIONSMANAGEMENTSYSTEMUSEDTODEVELOPANDIMPLEMENTITSENVIRONMENTALPOLICYANDMANAGEITSENVIRONMENTALASPECTNOTE1AMANAGEMENTSYSTEMISASETOFINTERRELATEDELEMENTSUSEDTOESTABLISHPOLICYANDOBJECTIVESANDTOACHIEVETHOSEOBJECTIVESNOTE2AMANAGEMENTSYSTEMINCLUDESORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTURE,PLANNINGACTIVITIES,RESPONSIB

13、ILITIES,PRACTICES,PROCEDURES,PROCESSESANDRESOURCES39ENVIRONMENTALOBJECTIVEOVERALLENVIRONMENTALGOAL,CONSISTENTWITHENVIRONMENTALPOLICY,THATANORGANIZATIONSETSITSELFTOACHIEVE310ENVIRONMENTALPERFORMANCEMEASURABLERESULTSOFANORGANIZATIONSMANAGEMENTOFITSENVIRONMENTALASPECTSNOTEINTHECONTEXTOFENVIRONMENTALMAN

14、AGEMENTSYSTEM,RESULTSCANBEMEASUREDAGAINSTTHEENVIRONMENTALPOLICY,ENVIRONMENTALOBJECTIVESANDENVIRONMENTALTARGETSANDOTHERENVIRONMENTALPERFORMANCEREQUIREMENTS311ENVIRONMENTALPOLICYOVERALLINTENTIONSANDDIRECTIONOFANORGANIZATIONRELATEDTOITSENVIRONMENTALPERFORMANCEASFORMALLYEXPRESSEDBYTOPMANAGEMENTNOTETHEEN

15、VIRONMENTALPOLICYPROVIDESAFRAMEWORKFORACTIONANDFORTHESETTINGOFITSENVIRONMENTALOBJECTIVESANDENVIRONMENTALTARGETS312ENVIRONMENTALTARGETDETAILEDPERFORMANCEREQUIREMENT,APPLICABLETOTHEORGANIZATIONORPARTSTHEREOF,THATARISESFROMTHEENVIRONMENTALOBJECTIVESANDTHATNEEDSTOBESETANDMETINORDERTOACHIEVETHOSEOBJECTIV

16、ES3313INTERESTEDPARTYPERSONORGROUPCONCERNEDWITHORAFFECTEDBYTHEENVIRONMENTALPERFORMANCEOFANORGANIZATION314INTERNATIONALAUDITSYSTEMATIC,INDEPENDENTANDDOCUMENTEDPROCESSFOROBTAININGAUDITEVIDENCEANDEVALUATINGITOBJECTIVELYTODETERMINETHEEXTENTTOWHICHTHEENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMAUDITCRITERIASETBYTHEORGA

17、NIZATIONAREFULFILLEDNOTEINMANYCASES,PARTICULARINSMALLERORGANIZATIONS,INDEPENDENCECANBEDEMONSTRATEDBYTHEFREEDOMFROMRESPONSIBILITYFORTHEACTIVITYBEINGAUDITED315NONCONFORMITYNONFULFILLMENTOFAREQUIREMENT316ORGANIZATIONCOMPANY,CORPORATION,FIRM,ENTERPRISE,AUTHORITYORINSTITUTION,ORPARTORCOMBINATIONTHEREOF,W

18、HETHERINCORPORATEDORNOT,PUBLICORPRIVATE,THATHASITSOWNFUNCTIONSANDADMINISTRATIONNOTEFORORGANIZATIONSWITHMORETHANONEOPERATINGUNIT,ASINGLEOPERATINGUNITMAYBEDEFINEDASANORGANIZATION317PREVENTIVEAUCTIONAUCTIONTOELIMINATETHECAUSEOFAPOTENTIALNONCONFORMITY318PREVENTIONOFPOLLUTIONUSEOFPROCESSES,PRACTICES,TECH

19、NIQUES,MATERIALS,PRODUCTS,SERVICESORENERGYTOAVOID,REDUCEORCONTROL（SEPARATELYORCOMBINATION）THECERTAIN,EMISSIONORDISCHARGEOFANYPOLLUTIONORWASTE,INORDERTOREDUCEADVERSEENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSNOTEPREVENTIONOFPOLLUTIONCANINCLUDERESOURCEREDUCTIONORELIMINATION,PROCESSPRODUCTORSERVICECHANGES,EFFICIENTUSEOFRESOU

20、RCES,MATERIALANDENERGYSUBSTITUTION,REUSE,RECOVERY,RECYCLING,RECLAMATIONANDTREATMENT319PROCEDURESPECIFIEDWAYTOCARRYOUTANACTIVITYORAPROCESSNOTEPROCEDURECANBEDOCUMENTEDORNOT320RECORD4DOCUMENTSTATINGRESULTSACHIEVEDORPROVIDINGEVIDENCEOFACTIVITIESPERFORMED4ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMREQUIREMENTS41GENERA

21、LREQUIREMENTSTHEORGANIZATIONSHALLESTABLISH,DOCUMENT,IMPLEMENT,MAINTAINANDCONTINUALLYIMPROVEANENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEM,INACCORDANCEWITHTHEREQUIREMENTSOFINTERNATIONALSTANDARDANDDETERMINEHOWITWILLFULFILLTHESEREQUIREMENTSTHEORGANIZATIONSHALLDEFINEANDDOCUMENTTHESCOPEOFITSENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTE

22、M42ENVIRONMENTALPOLICYTOPMANAGEMENTSHALLDEFINETHEORGANIZATIONSENVIRONMENTALPOLICYANDENSURETHAT,WITHINTHEDEFINEDSCOPEOFITSENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMITAISAPPROPRIATETOTHENATURE,SCALEANDENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSOFITSACTIVES,PRODUCTSANDSERVICESBINCLUDESACOMMITMENTTOCONTINUALIMPROVEMENTANDPREVENTIONOFPOLLU

23、TIONCINCLUDESACOMMITMENTTOCOMPLYWITHAPPLICABLELEGALREQUIREMENTSANDWITHANDWITHOTHERREQUIREMENTSTOWHICHTHEORGANIZATIONSUBSCRIBESWHICHRELATEDTOITSENVIRONMENTALASPECTSDPROVIDESTHEFRAMEWORKFORSETTINGANDREVIEWINGENVIRONMENTALOBJECTIVESANDTARGETSEISDOCUMENTED,IMPLEMENTEDANDMAINTAINEDFISCOMMUNICATEDTOALLPER

24、SONSWORKINGFORORONBEHALFOFTHEORGANIZATIONS,ANDGISAVAILABLETOTHEPUBLIC43PLANNING431ENVIRONMENTALASPECTSTHEORGANIZATIONSHALLESTABLISH,IMPLEMENTANDMAINTAINAPROCEDURESATOIDENTIFYTHEENVIRONMENTALASPECTSOFITSACTIVES,PRODUCTSANDSERVICESWITHINTHEDEFINEDSCOPEOFITENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMTHATITCANCONTROLA

25、NDTHOSETHATITCANTAKINGINTOACCOUNTPLANNEDORNEWDEVELOPMENTS,ORNEWORNEWMODIFIEDACTIVITIES,PRODUCTSANDSERVICES,AND5BTODETERMINETHOSEASPECTSTHATCANHAVESIGNIFICANTIMPACTSONTHEENVIRONMENTTHEORGANIZATIONSHALLENSURETHATTHESIGNIFICANTENVIRONMENTALASPECTSARETAKENINTOACCOUNTINESTABLISHING,IMPLEMENTINGANDMAINTAI

26、NINGITSENVIRONMENTMANAGEMENTSYSTEM433OBJECTIVESTARGETSANDPROGRAMSTHEORGANIZATIONSHALLESTABLISH,IMPLEMENTANDMAINTAINDOCUMENTEDENVIRONMENTALOBJECTIVESANDTARGETS,ATRELEVANTFUNCTIONANDLEVELWITHINTHEORGANIZATIONTHEOBJECTIVESANDTARGETSSHALLBEMEASURABLE,WHEREPRACTICABLE,ANDCONSISTENTWITHTHEENVIRONMENTALPOL

27、ICY,INCLUDINGTHECOMMITMENTSTOPREVENTIONOFPOLLUTIONTOCOMPLIANCEWITHAPPLICABLELEGALREQUIREMENTSANDOTHERREQUIREMENTSTOWHICHORGANIZATIONSUBSCRIBES,ANDITSSIGNIFICANTTHEORGANIZATIONSUBSCRIBES,ANDITSSIGNIFICANTENVIRONMENTASPECTSITSHALLCONSIDERITSTECHNOLOGICALOPTIONS,ITSFINANCIAL,OPERATIONALANDBUSINESSREQUI

28、REMENTS,ANDTHEVIEWSOFINTERESTEDPARTIESTHEORGANIZATIONSHALLESTABLISH,IMPLEMENTANDMAINTAINAPROGRAMSFORACHIEVINGITSOBJECTIVESANDTARGETSPROGRAMSSHALLINCLUDEADESIGNATIONOFRESPONSIBILITYFORACHIEVINGOBJECTIVESANDTARGETSATFUNCTIONANDLEVELOFTHEORGANIZATION,ANDBTHEMEANSANDTIMEFRAMEBYWHICHTHEYARETOBEACHIEVED44

29、IMPLEMENTATIONANDOPERATION441RESOURCES,ROLES,RESPONSIBILITYANDAUTHORITYMANAGEMENTSHALLENSURETHEAVAILABILITYOFRESOURCESESSENTIALTOESTABLISH,IMPLEMENT,MAINTAINANDIMPROVEENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMRESOURCESINCLUDEHUMANRESOURCESANDSPECIALIZEDSKILLS,ORGANIZATIONALINFRASTRUCTURETECHNOLOGYANDFINANCIALRES

30、OURCESROLES,RESPONSIBILITYANDAUTHORITIESSHALLBEDEFINED,DOCUMENTEDANDCOMMUNICATEDINORDERTOFACILITATEEFFECTIVEENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTTHEORGANIZATIONSTOPMANAGEMENTSHALLAPPOINTASPECIFICMANAGEMENTREPRESENTATIVES6WHO,IRRESPECTIVEOFOTHERRESPONSIBILITIES,SHALLHAVEDEFINEDROLES,RESPONSIBILITIESANDAUTHORITYFOR

31、AENSURINGTHATENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMISESTABLISHED,IMPLEMENTEDANDMAINTAINEDINACCORDANCEWITHTHISREQUIREMENTSOFTHISINTERNATIONALSTANDARDBREPORTINGTOTOPMANAGEMENTONTHEPERFORMANCEOFTHEENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMFORREVIEW,INCLUDINGRECOMMENDATIONSFORIMPROVEMENT442COMPETENCE,TRAINING,ANDAWARENESSTHE

32、ORGANIZATIONSHALLENSURETHATANYPERSONSPERFORMINGTASKSFORITORONBEHALFTHATHAVETHEPOTENTIALTOCAUSEASIGNIFICANTENVIRONMENTIMPACTSIDENTIFIEDBYORGANIZATIONISARECOMPETENTONTHEBASISOFAPPROPRIATEEDUCATION,TRAININGOREXPERIENCE,ANDSHALLRETAINASSOCIATEDRECORDSTHEORGANIZATIONSHALLIDENTIFYTRAININGNEEDSASSOCIATEDWI

33、THITSENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMITSHALLPROVIDETRAININGORTAKEOTHERACTIONTOMEETTHESENEEDS,ANDSHALLRETAINASSOCIATEDRECORDSTHEORGANIZATIONSHALLESTABLISH,IMPLEMENTANDMAINTAINPROCEDURESTOMAKEPERSONSWORKINGFORITONITSBEHALFAWAREOFATHEIMPORTANCEOFCONFORMANCEWITHTHEENVIRONMENTALPOLICYANDPROCEDURESANDWITHTHE

34、REQUIREMENTSOFTHEENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMBTHESIGNIFICANTENVIRONMENTALASPECTSANDRELATEDACTUALORPOTENTIALIMPACTSASSOCIATEDWITHTHEIRWORK,ANDTHEENVIRONMENTALBENEFITSOFIMPROVEDPERSONALPERFORMANCECTHEIRROLESANDRESPONSIBILITIESINACHIEVINGCONFORMANCEWITHTHEREQUIREMENTSOFTHEENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEM

35、,ANDDTHEPOTENTIALCONSEQUENCESOFDEPARTUREFROMSPECIFIEDPROCEDURES443COMMUNICATIONSWITHREGARDTOITSENVIRONMENTALASPECTSANDENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEM,THEORGANIZATIONSHALLESTABLISH,IMPLEMENTANDMAINTAINPROCEDURESFORAINTERNALCOMMUNICATIONBETWEENTHEVARIOUSLEVELSANDFUNCTIONSOFTHEORGANIZATIONBRECEIVING,DOCU

36、MENTINGANDRESPONDINGTORELEVANTCOMMUNICATIONFROMEXTERNALINTERESTEDPARTIES7THEORGANIZATIONSHALLDECIDEWHETHERTOCOMMUNICATIONEXTERNALLYABOUTITSSIGNIFICANTENVIRONMENTALASPECTSANDSHALLDOCUMENTITSDECISIONIFTHEDECISIONISTOCOMMUNICATE,THEORGANIZATIONSHALLESTABLISHANDIMPLEMENTAMETHODFORTHISEXTERNALCOMMUNICATI

37、ON444DOCUMENTATIONTHEENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSLSYSTEMDOCUMENTATIONSHALLINCLUDEATHEENVIRONMENTALPOLICY,OBJECTIVES,TARGETSBDESCRIPTIONOFTHESCOPEOFTHEENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMCDESCRIPTIONOFTHEMAINELEMENTSOFTHEENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMANDTHEIRINTERACTION,ANDREFERENCETORELATEDDOCUMENTSDDOCUMENTS,I

38、NCLUDINGRECORDS,REQUIREDBYTHISINTERNATIONALSTANDARDAND445CONTROLOFDOCUMENTSDOCUMENTSREQUIREDBYENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMANDBYTHISINTERNATIONALSTANDARDSHALLBECONTROLLEDTHEORGANIZATIONSHALLESTABLISH,IMPLEMENTANDMAINTAINAPROCEDURETOAAPPROVEDOCUMENTSFORADEQUACYPRIORTOISSUEBREVIEWANDUPDATEASNECESSARYA

39、NDREAPPROVEDOCUMENTSCENSURETHECHANGEANDCURRENTVERSIONSSTATUSOFDOCUMENTSAREIDENTIFIEDDENSURETHERELEVANTVERSIONSOFAPPLICABLEDOCUMENTSAREAVAILABLEATPOINTSOFUSEEENSURETHEDOCUMENTSREMAINLEGIBLEANDREADILYIDENTIFIABLEFENSURETHEDOCUMENTSEXTERNALORIGINDETERMINEDBYTHEORGANIZATIONTOBENECESSARYFORTHEPLANNINGAND

40、OPERATIONOFENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMAREIDENTIFIEDANDTHEIRDISTRIBUTIONCONTROLLED,ANDGPREVENTTHEUNINTENDEDUSEOFOBSOLETEDOCUMENTSANDTOAPPLYSUITABLEIDENTIFICATIONTOTHEMIFTHEYARERETAINEDFORANYPURPOSE446OPERATIONALCONTROLTHEORGANIZATIONSHALLIDENTIFYANDPLANTHOSEOPERATIONSTHATAREASSOCIATEDWITHTHEIDENTIF

41、IEDSIGNIFICANTENVIRONMENTALASPECTSCONSISTENTWITHITSENVIRONMENTALPOLICY,OBJECTIVESANDTARGETS,INORDERTOENSURETHATTHEYARECARRIEDOUTUNDERSPECIFIEDCONDITIONS,BY8AESTABLISHING,IMPLEMENTINGANDMAINTAININGDOCUMENTEDPROCEDURESTOCONTROLSITUATIONSWHERETHEIRABSENCECOULDLEADTODEVIATIONFROMTHEENVIRONMENTALPOLICY,O

42、BJECTIVESANDTARGETSANDBSTIPULATINGTHEOPERATINGCRITERIAINTHEPROCEDURESANDCESTABLISHING,IMPLEMENTINGANDMAINTAININGPROCEDURESRELATEDTOTHEIDENTIFIABLESIGNIFICANTENVIRONMENTALASPECTSOFGOODSANDSERVICESUSEDBYTHEORGANIZATIONANDCOMMUNICATINGAPPLICABLEPROCEDURESANDREQUIREMENTSTOSUPPLIERS,INCLUDINGCONTRACTORSI

43、SO/TC20720049译文环境管理系统规范及使用指南现在，一切类型的组织都越来越重视依照环境政策与目标控制其作业活动、产品或服务对环境的影响，以实现并证实其良好的环境绩效。这是由于有关的立法更趋严格，促进环境保护的经济政策和其它措施陆续出台，利害相关者对环境问题包括可持续发展的关注也与日俱增。许多组织都已经推行了环境审查或稽核以评定自身的环境绩效。但仅靠这些审查和稽核本身，可能还不足以确保一个环境组织不仅现在满足，将来也一直能满足法律与政策要求。要使其行之有效，要在一个结构化的管理系统内予以实施，并其纳入全部管理活动。（一）、适用范围本国际标准规定环境管理系统的要求，使组织能够考虑法令规定

44、和重大的环境冲击等相关资讯而拟订环境政策和目标。本标准本身并没有陈述特定的环境绩效准则。本国际标准适用于任何期望做到下列各事项的组织A）建立、实施、维持及改善环境管理系统；B）确保其符合本身宣告的环境政策；C）展现其符合本国际标准，藉由1）自我自行评定与自我宣告；2）寻求由对于组织有兴趣的团体，如顾客，对本身之符合性给予认可；3）寻求由组织外部团体对本身的自我宣告给予认可；4）寻求由外部组织对本身的环境管理系统给予验证/登录；本国际标准的所有要求项目均可纳入任何环境管理系统中。至于实际应用的程度，则必须依照组织的环境政策、作业活动、产品以及服务和所在位置的性质及其作业条件等因素来决定。本标准也

45、在附录A中提供应用本规范的参考性指导纲要。（二）、引用标准目前无引用标准。本条文保留是为了可与先前版本（ISO140011996）具有相同的条文编号。10（三）、定义为本文件之目的，采用下列各项定义31稽核人员具有能力以执行稽核的人员；32持续改善与组织的环境政策一致，为达成改进整体的环境绩效，以及提升环境管理系统之循环过程。注此过程并不需要同时在所有的活动中进行。33矫正措施消除所发现的不符合事项的原因所采取之措施。34文件资讯及其支援之媒体。注媒体可为书面文件、磁带、电子或光学电脑磁片、照片或者基础样本，或其上述混合性态。35环境组织作业所在的周边环境，包括空气、水、土地、自然资源、植物、

46、动物、人类，以及其间的互动关系。注根据此定义之周边环境乃从组织的内部延伸到全球的生态系统。36环境考量面组织的作业活动、产品或服务中会和环境产生互动的要领。37环境冲击任何可完全或部分归因于因组织环境冲击的活动、产品或服务对环境产生之有利或不利的改变。38环境管理系统系组织整体管理系统的一部份，用以发展、执行其环境政策及管理环境其考量面。注环境管理系统是一组互相关联的要素，用以建立政策及目标并达成这些目标。注2环境管理系统其内容包括组织架构、规划作业、责任、实务、程序、过程以及资源。1139环境目标组织与环境政策一致，所设定欲达成之整体环境目的。310环境绩效组织管理其环境考量面所获得之可量测

47、结果。注以环境管理系统而言，可以依据组织的环境政策、环境目标、环境标的及其他环境绩效要求加以量测的结果。311环境政策组织陈述本身对其整体环境绩效的期许与原则之声明文件，并据此提供行动架构以及设定环境目标与标的。注环境政策提供一个架构、制定及执行其环境目标及环境标的。312环境标的根据组织本身的环境目标所需设定与达成的详细绩效要求事项，用以施行于组织之全部或部份，以利达成前述的环境目标。313利害相关者对组织之环境绩效关切或受其影响的个人或团体。314内部稽核系一种系统化、独立性与文件化之过程，藉由客观方式取得并评估稽核证据，以决定组织的环境管理系统符合环境管理系统的稽核准则之程度。注在许多情

48、况下，特别是小型组织，独立性可藉由被稽核活动权责无关而加以展现。315不符合状况要求并无完整呈现。316组织有自身之功能与行政管理的公有或民营、独立或合股的各类型公司、行号、企业体、机关、机构，或者以上各团体的其中之一部分或组合谓之。注组织中有一个以上的营运单位者，其单一的营运单位也可定义为一个组织。317预防措施消除潜在不符合事项原因的措施。318污染之预防12为了降低不利的环境冲击，采用可以避免、减少或控制（分开或合并）任何形式之污染物或废弃物产生、排放及排出污染之制程、操作实务、技术、物料或产品、服务或能源。注污染预防可包括资源减用或消除不用，过程、产品或服务的改变，有效的使用资源、物料

49、及能源替代、再使用、还原、回收再利用、再生及处理。319程序实现一个活动或一个流程的特定方式。注程序可以文件化或非文件化。320记录以文件形式载明连成结果或执行活动之证据。（四）环境管理系统要求事项41一般要求事项组织应建立、文件化、实施、维持并持续改善其环境管理系统，依据国际标准的要求决定如何实践这些要求。组织应界定非文件化其环境管理系统的范围。42环境政策高阶主管应界定组织的环境政策，并在环境管理系统的界定范围内，确保A）对组织之活动、产品或服务的性质、规模及环境冲击是合宜的；B）包括对持续改善和污染预防之承诺；C）包括对符合相关的环保法令规章以及组织须遵守的其它要求事项之承诺；D）提供一架构以设定与审查环境目标与标的；E）己文件化、实施并维持；F）传达给所有为组织工作的人员或其代表的人员；G）可向社会大众公开；43规划431环境考量面组织应建立、实施并维持一个或多个程序A以鉴别组织所界定的环境管理系统的范围中，可以控制以及预期能有影响的活动、产品或服务之环境考量面，此包含已经计划或新发展、新的或修正的活动、产品及服务内容，以及13B以判断其中对环境造成重大冲击者（例如重大环境考量面）。组织在建立、实施并维持环境管理系统时，应确认已将与这些重大环境考量面纳入考虑。432法令规章与其它要求事项组织应建立、实施并维持一个或多个程序A以鉴别并取得与本身之