人力资源会计【外文翻译】 (3).doc

1、本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译外文题目HUMANRESOURCEACCOUNTING外文出处INTERNATIONALADVANCESINECONOMICRESEARCH外文作者CARMEBARCONSVILARDELL,SOLEDADMOYAGUTIERREZ,ANTONIOSOMOZALOPEZ,JOSEPVALLVERDUCALAFELL,CARLOSGRIFULMIQUELA原文HUMANRESOURCEACCOUNTINGHUMANRESOURCESISANOLDFIELDOFRESEARCHINECONOMICS,ASREFLECTEDBYACCOUNTINGTREATMENTSTH

2、ISPAPERREVIEWSTHISCONTRIBUTIONFROMACCOUNTINGLITERATUREANDTHEEUROPEANLEGALFRAMEWORKDIFFERENTINSTITUTIONALATTITUDESTOWARDTHISTOPICWERECOLLECTEDFROMSUCHORGANIZATIONSASTHEFINANCIALACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSBOARD1984,1993ANDTHEAMERICANACCOUNTINGASSOCIATION1970AFTERTHAT,ADETAILEDREVISIONISMADEOFTHEMAINCOSTSRELAT

3、EDTOHUMANRESOURCESTRAININGANDSELECTIONCOSTSANDEXITCOSTSTHISANALYSISISMADEFROMTHEPOINTSOFVIEWOFEXTERNALANDINTERNALORMANAGERIALACCOUNTINGANDFROMHISTORICALCOSTSANDOPPORTUNITYCOSTSFINALLY,NOUNIQUESOLUTIONTOTHISPROBLEMISGIVEN,BUTALLPOSSIBLEALTERNATIVESAREEVALUATEDANDOPENFORDISCUSSIONJELJ401INTRODUCTIONHU

4、MANRESOURCEACCOUNTINGISNOTANEWISSUEINECONOMICSECONOMISTSCONSIDERHUMANCAPITALASAPRODUCTIONFACTOR,ANDTHEYEXPLOREDIFFERENTWAYSOFMEASURINGITSINVESTMENTINEDUCATION,HEALTH,ANDOTHERAREASACCOUNTANTSHAVERECOGNIZEDTHEVALUEOFHUMANASSETSFORATLEAST70YEARSRESEARCHINTOTRUEHUMANRESOURCEACCOUNTINGBEGANINTHE1960SBYRE

5、NSISLIKERTBOWERS,1973LIKERTDEFENDSLONGTERMPLANNINGBYSTRONGPRESSUREONHUMANRESOURCESQUALITATIVEVARIABLES,RESULTINGINGREATERBENEFITSINTHELONGRUNTHEAMERICANACCOUNTINGASSOCIATION1970DEFINESHUMANRESOURCEACCOUNTINGAS“THEHUMANRESOURCESIDENTIFICATIONANDMEASURINGPROCESSANDALSOITSCOMMUNICATIONTOTHEINTERESTEDPA

6、RTIES“THEREARETWOREASONSFORINCLUDINGHUMANRESOURCESINACCOUNTINGRIPOLLANDLABATUT,1994FIRST,PEOPLEAREAVALUABLERESOURCETOAFIRMSOLONGASTHEYPERFORMSERVICESTHATCANBEQUANTIFIEDTHEFIRMNEEDNOTOWNAPERSONFORHIMTOBECONSIDEREDARESOURCESECOND,THEVALUEOFAPERSONASARESOURCEDEPENDSONHOWHEISEMPLOYEDSOMANAGEMENTSTYLEWIL

7、LALSOINFLUENCETHEHUMANRESOURCEVALUE2BARCONSVILAELLETALHUMANRESOURCEACCOUNTINGCONCEPTUALFRAMEHUMANRESOURCES,LIKEANYOTHERASSET,BRINGWITHTHEMSEVERALCOSTSTABLE1USINGCRITERIATODETERMINEELEMENTSTHATCANBERECORDEDFINANCIALACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSBOARD,1984,1993INTERNATIONALACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSCOMMITTEE,1989,1994,

8、TABLE2SHOWSTHEPOSSIBILITIESOFCONSIDERINGHUMANRESOURCESASANASSETFINANCIALACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSBOARD,1984,1993ANDASACURRENTEXPENSETABLE1THECOSTSOFHUMANRESOURCESCOSTSDEFINITIONSORIGINALFINANCIALFLOWSORIGINATINGWHENHIRINGANDTRAININGBECOMESNECESSARYSUBSTITUTIONINCURREDTODAYTOSUBSTITUTERESOURCESUSEDINADETER

9、MINEDACTIVITYOPPOURTUNITYTHEVALUEOFHUMANRESOURCESINITSMOSTFAVORABLE,ALTERNATIVEUSESOURCEFLAMHOLTZ,1976TABLE2ASSETSANDEXPENSEOFHUMANRESOURCESASSETSEXPENSE1INTHEFUTURE,THEENTERPRISEWILL1REASONSFORCONSIDERINGHUMANPROBABLYOBTAINPROFITSZUBIARRERESOURCESASANASSETCOMEFROM1995STATESTHATPROFITGENERATIONAVOID

10、INGTHEPROBLEMSWHENISASUBJECTIVEITEMCONSIDERINGTHEMASANASSET2ASSETCOSTSMUSTBEMEASUREDEASILYTHISISDETERMINEDTHROUGHASIMPLEEXTERNAL,NOTANINTERNAL,OPERATION3THISISGOODFORHUMANRESOURCECONTROLTHEFIRMDOESNOTOWNHUMANRESOURCESLIKEITOWNSOTHERASSETSLEGALFRAMEFOLLOWINGTHEFOURTHDIRECTIVEOFCOMMUNITYECONOMICALEURO

11、PEAN1978,NOPARTYTHATISREFERREDTOHUMANRESOURCESISCONSIDEREDINTHEDIFFERENTBALANCESHEETMODELS,ANDONLYINTHEPROFITANDLOSSACCOUNTARETHECOSTSMOSTDIRECTLYRELATEDTOTHEM,SUCHASSALARIESANDSTAFFWELFAREEXPENSESINCLUDINGPENSIONSTHENUMBEROFEMPLOYEESCLASSIFIEDINCATEGORIESISMENTIONEDONLYINTHEEXPLANATORYREPORT,HESAME

12、ASTHEBOARDOFDIRECTORSPAYMENTINSPAIN,THETREATMENTFOLLOWEDBYTHEPLANGENERALDECONTABILIDADMINISTERIODEECONOMYHACIENDA,1990ISMOREORLESSWHATHASJUSTBEENSHOWN,WHICHIMPLIESACONTINUATIONOFTHEPLANGENERALDECONTABILIDADMINISTERIODEECONOMYHACIENDA,19733TRAININGANDSELECTIONCOSTANALYSISCONCEPTNODOUBT,WHENAFIRMINVES

13、TSINHUMANRESOURCESBYACQUISITIONANDTRAINING,ITANTICIPATESAFUTUREGENERATIONOFPROFITSANDSERVICESTHATWILLBEPRODUCEDBYTHESEASSETSREFERRINGTOTRAINING,THEASOCIACTIONESPAFIOLADECONTABILIDADYADMINISTRACTIONAECA1994STATESTHATONEOFTHETECHNIQUESSHOWINGAGREATERCAPACITYTOSTIMULATEEFFICIENCYISBASEDONTHEIDEATHATANE

14、MPLOYEEWHOISINDUCEDTOGETTOKNOWHISJOBBETTERISMOREPRODUCTIVEANDQUICKERONTHEJOBTRAININGINFIRMSISANACTIVITYTHATDEVELOPSTHEWORKERSCAPACITYTOIMPROVEEFFICIENCYANDJOBQUALITY,THEREFORE,THEENTERPRISEINCREASESITSPROFITABILITYTHETRAININGCONCEPTISGENERALLYUSEDTODEFINETHREEDIFFERENTISSUESWHICH,INPRACTICE,AREDIFFI

15、CULTTODISTINGUISHCAPACITATION,TRAINING,ANDDEVELOPMENTGUZMINETAL,1996CAPACITATIONISTHEWORKERSACQUISITIONOFKNOWLEDGEANDSKILLSNECESSARYFORHISJOBTRAININGBETTERADAPTSTHEWORKERTOTHEJOB,ANDDEVELOPMENTFOCUSESONPROMOTIONTOHIGHERJOBLEVELSEVENTHOUGHTHEREAREDIFFERENTTRAININGCLASSIFICATIONS,THEONEPROPOSEDBYMARQU

16、6S1974REPORTSSEVERALCRITERIA1WHENDOESTRAININGTAKEPLACEITCANBEATTHECONTRACTINGMOMENTORANYMOMENTDURINGEMPLOYMENT2HOWLONGISTHETRAININGPERIODITCANTAKEFROMONEORTWODAYSTOONEORTWOWEEKSINSOMECASES,ITCANTAKESIXMONTHS,ONEYEAR,ORMORE3DOESTHISTRAININGRELATETOTHENATUREOFTHEJOBBYUPDATINGANEMPLOYEESKNOWLEDGEANDTEA

17、CHINGNEWTECHNIQUESORDOESITOPENDOORSTONEWSKILLSNOTRELATEDTOTHEWORKERSPROFESSIONALACTIVITY4ISTHEREINTERNALOREXTERNALTRAININGTAKINGPLACETHECRITERIABASEDONTHEJOBSNATUREISALSOPROPOSEDBYAECA1994INITSMANAGERIALACCOUNTINGDOCUMENTNUMBER6WHEREITDISTINGUISHESBETWEENCREATIVETRAININGANDCOMPETITIVESTRATEGYTRAININ

18、GTHEREFORE,CREATIVETRAININGCOMESFROMTHEFIRMSPLANNINGPROCESSANDMAKESPERSONNELCAPABLEOFDOINGTHEIRJOBONTHECONTRARY,COMPETITIVESTRATEGICTRAININGMAINTAINSTHEFIRMSCOMPETITIVELEVELINSIDECREATIVETRAINING,THREEDIFFERENTACTIONSCANBEDISTINGUISHEDTHATWILLINCURSOMEEXPENSESROBLEDA,1994THOSETRAININGEXPENSESARERELA

19、TEDTOJOBSANDPROFESSIONEVOLUTION,IMPROVEMENTSINGLOBALSERVICES,ANDINNOVATIONORCHANGEINPROJECTSINANYCASE,EXPENSESDERIVEDFROMCREATIVETRAININGARECONSIDEREDLONGTERMBECAUSETHEYINCREASETHEFIRMSADDEDVALUEINOTHERWORDS,WITHCREATIVETRAINING,THEFIRMBECOMESMORECOMPETITIVEANDINCREASESITSINCOMEEXPENSESDERIVEDFROMCO

20、MPETITIVESTRATEGICTRAININGWILLBECONSIDEREDASCURRENTEXPENSESSINCETHEYAPPEARASACONSEQUENCEOFSHORTTERMACTIONSTHATMAINTAINTHEFIRMSCOMPETITIVELEVEL,EVENTHOUGHITSABSENCEMAYLEADTOADECREASEINTHEEMPLOYEESQUALIFICATIONSTREATMENTFROMAFINANCIALACCOUNTINGPERSPECTIVEFOLLOWINGTHEDEFINITIONSALREADYEXPLAINED,ASLONGA

21、SFUTUREBENEFITSAREEXPECTEDTOCOMEFROMTHESETRAININGCOSTS,THEYCANBETREATEDASASSETSHOWEVER,THISDOESNOTHOLDTRUEINREALITYASCEAGARCIA1990STATES“THEREISACLEARABSENCEOFCORRESPONDENCEBETWEENTHEREALASSETSINTHEPRESENTFIRMSANDTHOSERECOGNISEDINTHEBALANCESHEETINFACT,ASSETSARETOORELATEDTOITSJURIDICALCONCEPTIONTHATI

22、S,OWNEDBYTHEFIRM,INFRONTOFAPUREECONOMICAPPROACHWHEREASSETISEVERYINSTRUMENTORWAYTHATCANBEUSEDINTHEPRODUCTIONDISTRIBUTIONFIRMSPROCESSOR,INGENERAL,EVERYCATEGORYOFECONOMICVALUEWHICHCANBETRANSFORMEDINTOGOODSORSERVICEORANYINSTRUMENTATTHESERVICEOFTHEFIRMORTHATTHEFIRMUSES,REGARDLESSOFITSJURIDICALSTATEANDALS

23、OALLTHOSEGOODSANDRIGHTSTHATTHEFIRMDOESNOTOWNNOWBUTUSEDTOOWNORWILLOWNLATERON,BYVIRTUEOFCOLLATERALCONTRACTSORAGREEMENTSWHICHMAYINDUCEIT“SO,ADIAGNOSISISREACHEDABOUTTHEPREDOMINANTASSETCONCEPTTHISSITUATIONCANBEEXPLAINEDBYTWOIMPORTANTPROBLEMSTHATAREMETWHENREFERRINGTOINTANGIBLESIDENTIFYTHEASSETSCOSTANDESTI

24、MATETHEPERIODINWHICHTHEASSETSHOULDBEAMORTIZEDININTERNATIONALACCOUNTING,BESIDESCLEARLYRECOGNIZINGSOMEITEMSASASSETSCASH,STOCK,MACHINERY,ANDSOONTHEREISGREATDEBATEWHETHERCERTAINOTHERITEMSARECONSIDEREDCAPITALIZATIONTHESEAREKNOWNASDEFERREDCHARGESINENGLISHACCOUNTINGLITERATUREHENDRIKSEN,1992ITCANBESAIDTHENT

25、HATNOTONLYARETHELIMITSUNCLEARBETWEENINTANGIBLE,FIXEDASSETSANDDEFERREDCHARGES,BUTALSOWHICHELEMENTSARECONSIDEREDASSETSANDWHICHELEMENTSARECONSIDEREDEXPENSESTREATMENTFROMAMANAGERIALACCOUNTINGPERSPECTIVEPERSONNELWORKINGFORADETERMINEDENTERPRISEISACTUALLYPARTICIPATINGINAVALUECREATIONPROCESSTHATIS,ANYECONOM

26、ICACTIVITYMAKESTHEFIRMINCURCOSTSONETRADITIONALCLASSIFICATIONTAKESINTOACCOUNTTHECOSTCATEGORIESOFRAWMATERIALS,INDUSTRIALPLANTS,ANDPERSONNELWHENADDINGINCOMEFLOWTOANORGANIZATIONSMARKETGOODSANDSERVICES,IFITISSUPERIORTOTHECOSTFLOW,ITBECOMESADDEDVALUETHISVALUEISACONSEQUENCEOFTHEINTERACTIONBETWEENMATERIALAN

27、DHUMANRESOURCESINPRODUCTIONBECAUSEITISDIFFICULTTOKNOWANDMEASUREVALUE,ACCOUNTINGHASUSEDSUBSTITUTEDMEASURESSUCHASACQUISITIONCOST,SUBSTITUTIONCOST,ANDEVENOPPORTUNITYCOSTMARQTIES,1974HISTORICALCOSTSWHENREFERRINGTOTRAININGCOSTS,HISTORICALCOSTSMEANSTHESACRIFICENECESSARYTOHIREANDTRAINPEOPLEDETERMININGTRAIN

28、INGCOSTSISDIFFICULTWHENTRAININGTAKESPLACEINHOUSE,CONSIDERINGTEACHERSANDORGANIZERSDEDICATION,OCCUPIEDROOMS,SALARIESANDSTAFFWELFAREEXPENSESWITHNOREMUNERATION,GENERALEXPENSES,ANDSOONITISMUCHEASIERTOHAVEEXTERNALTRAININGORTIGUEIRABOUZADA1977DIVIDESALLTHESECOSTSINTOTHEGROUPSOFACQUISITIONCOSTSANDLEARNINGCO

29、STSTABLE3FURTHERDIVIDESACQUISITIONCOSTS,ANDTABLE4FURTHERDIVIDESLEARNINGCOSTSTABLE3ACQUISITIONCOSTSCOSTSDEFINITIONSRECRUITINGORIGINATESWITHTHESEARCHFORHUMANRESOURCESINCLUDEDINTHISISPUBLICITY,MAILING,ANDSOONCOSTSCORRESPONDINGTOREJECTEDAPPLICANTSAREAPPLIEDTOTHECONTRACTEDAPPLICANTSSELECTIONCORRESPONDSTO

30、THESELECTEDPERSONNELITSMOSTIMPORTANTCOMPONENTSAREDERIVEDFROMTHECANDIDATESINTERVIEWTRAVELING,HOTELS,ANDSOON,ELABORATIONANDORGANIZATIONOFEXAMS,ANDOTHERSELECTIVETESTSASWITHRECRUITINGCOSTS,TOTALSELECTIONCOSTSAREAPPLIEDTOTHOSECONTRACTEDAPPLICANTSCONTRACTINGBEGINSONCEPERSONNELISELECTEDTHISREFERSTOFORMULAT

31、INGTHECONTRACT,TRAVELEXPENSES,ANDSIMILARCONCEPTSPLACINGINCLUDESAVARIETYOFADMINISTRATIVECOSTS,PRODUCEDBYTHENECESSITYOFSITUATINGTHENEWEMPLOYEEINHISJOBTABLE4CONTCOSTSDEFINITIONSORIENTATIONTHISISHARDLYESTIMABLEANDREFERSTOFAMILIARIZINGTHENEWEMPLOYEEWITHTHEPERSONNELPOLICY,PRODUCTSANDSERVICESOFTHEENTERPRIS

32、E,ANDTHEORGANIZATIONINGENERALTHISCOSTGENERALLYINCLUDESADAPTINGTHEPERSONTOTHEORGANIZATIONASAWHOLEANDNOTTOAPARTICULARJOBPROMOTIONORIGINATESEVERYTIMEANEMPLOYEECHANGESHISJOBWHETHERINTHESAMECATEGORYORANOTHERTHISNORMALLYISARELEVANTPARTOFTHETOTALCOSTIMPROVEMENTMAINTAINSANDIMPROVESTHEREALPOTENTIALCAPACITYOF

33、EVERYEMPLOYEETHISCOSTCONSTITUTEANIMPORTANTITEMINHISTORICALCOSTSFROMTHEMANAGEMENTACCOUNTINGPOINTOFVIEW,ANACCURATEESTIMATIONOFTHELEARNINGFACTORISESSENTIALTOOBTAINAGOODPREDICTIONOFTHEPRODUCTCOSTANDISALSOIMPORTANTINTHELABORFORCEONTHEOTHERHAND,THEENTERPRISECANMAKEDECISIONSABOUTITSHUMANRESOURCEINVESTMENTS

34、IFITKNOWSWHICHBENEFITSWILLBEREPORTEDINTHISSENSE,THELEARNINGFACTOROREXPERIENCECURVEPROVIDESINFORMATIONFORDECISIONMAKINGANDRESOLUTIONOFPROBLEMSREGARDINGTHERISINGCOSTSOFTHELABORFORCEWHERENEWFABRICATIONPROCESSESORSPECIALIZEDJOBSAREIMPORTANTINBOTHCASES,THECOSTWILLDECREASEASLONGASEMPLOYEESGETTOKNOWTHEIRJO

35、BSBETTERSUBSTITUTIONCOSTSLIKERTBOWERS,1973IMAGINESANEXTREMESITUATIONFORTHEFIRMSMANAGEMENT“SUPPOSETHATTOMORROWALLTHEJOBSAREEMPTY,BUTYOUSTILLHAVEAVAILABLEALLTHERESTOFTHERESOURCESBUILDINGS,FACTORIES,INDUSTRIALPLANTS,PATENTS,STOCKS,MONEY,ANDSOONEXCEPT,OFCOURSE,FORTHEPERSONNELHOWMUCHTIMEWOULDITTAKEYOUTOR

36、ECRUITTHENECESSARYPERSONNEL,TRAINITUNTILTHEYAREABLETOASSUMEALLTHEEXISTINGFUNCTIONSATTHEPRESENTCOMPETITIVELEVELANDINTEGRATEITINTHEORGANISATIONINTHESAMEWAYTHEYNOWARE“THEMENTALEXERCISENECESSARYTOREBUILDANORGANIZATIONISANEXCELLENTWAYTOATTRACTATTENTIONTOHUMANRESOURCES,WHICHISNOWSEENINANEWLIGHTCERTAINLY,P

37、ROFESSORLIKERTSFICTIONINCLUDESTHEIMPLICITPOSINGOFHUMANRESOURCEVALUATIONUNDERSUBSTITUTIONORREPLACEMENTCOSTCRITERIAEVENTHOUGHLIKERTSPROPOSALISVERYUNLIKELY,ITENABLESCALCULATINGTHECOSTOFTOTALLYSUBSTITUTINGORREPLACINGHUMANRESOURCESTOCALCULATESUBSTITUTIONCOST,FIGUREINTHECOSTOFSACRIFICETOREPLACEAHUMANRESOU

38、RCETHATISALREADYEMPLOYEDTHISCOSTINCLUDESEXITCOSTSOFTHELEAVINGEMPLOYEEANDRECRUITINGANDTRAININGOFTHEREPLACEMENTOPPORTUNITYCOSTSSOMEAUTHORSCONSIDERTHATOPPORTUNITYCOSTSARENOTTHEALTERNATIVETOHISTORICALCOSTSNORSUBSTITUTIONCOSTS,BUTESTIMATESTHESECOSTSWITHOUTMISTAKEOPPORTUNITYCOSTSARECONSIDEREDAS“ANASSETVAL

39、UEWHENTHEYARETHETARGETOFANALTERNATIVEUSE“HEKIMIANANDJONES,1967COSTVALUATIONISBASEDUPONTHECONFLICTOFINTERESTTHATCANTAKEPLACEINAFIRMSINTERNAL,FICTITIOUSMARKETWHERESEVERALORGANIZATIONALUNITSDIVISIONSPARTICIPATETHESEUNITSMUSTBEPROFITCENTERS,THATIS,THEIROBJECTIVESMUSTBEEXPRESSEDINTERMSOFPROFITABILITY4EXI

40、TCOSTANALYSISCONCEPTEXITCOSTSCANBECLASSIFIEDINTOTHETHREECATEGORIESRIPOLIANDLABATUT,1994OFLOSTEFFICIENCYPRIORTOSEPARATION,JOBVACANCYCOSTDURINGTHENEWSEARCH,ANDTERMINATIONPAYTREATMENTITISDIFFICULTTOPUTAVALUEONLOSTEFFICIENCYPRIORTOSEPARATIONPRODUCTIVITYPEREMPLOYEESEEMSTOBETHEMOSTADEQUATEMEASUREHOWEVER,T

41、HISMEASUREGENERALLYCALCULATEDBYMEANSOFARATIOISNOTPROBLEMFREEFOREXAMPLE,CONSIDERADMINISTRATIVEORMANAGEMENTJOBSWHEREPRODUCTIVITYISSOHARDIFNOTIMPOSSIBLETOIDENTIFYTHEVACANCYCOSTPREVENTSTAKINGINTOACCOUNTHOWMUCHTHEFIRMCEASESTOGAINBECAUSETHEEMPLOYEEISNOTWORKINGTHEREANYMOREIFTHISLOSSISEXPRESSEDACCORDINGTOTH

42、EPRODUCTIVITYRATIO,THESAMEPROBLEMSARISETHATWEREDISCUSSEDINPREVIOUSPOINTSEXCEPTFORTHEESTIMATEDWASTEDRETURNPERCENTAGETHAT,INTHISCASE,BECOMESUNNECESSARYREGARDINGTERMINATIONPAY,ACCOUNTINGNORMALLYREFERSTOTHISASINDEMNITIESREFERRINGTOTHEINDEMNITYACCOUNTINGTREATMENT,ISITNECESSARYTORECORDAPROVISIONFORTHETOTA

43、LPOSSIBLEINDEMNITIESOFTHESTAFFTHATIS,DOESANEXPENSEORLOSSEXIST,WHETHERPOTENTIALORREAL,ANDISTHEPROVISIONNECESSARYUSETHEEXAMPLEOFANEMPLOYEEWHOSPENDSHISENTIREPROFESSIONALLIFEINAFIRMFROMTHEBEGINNINGTHROUGHRETIREMENTITISOBVIOUSTHATTHEPROVISIONISNOTNECESSARYTHEPROVISIONHASBEENRECORDEDTOTHEDEBITOFEXPENSES,T

44、HEREFORE,ITREMAINSTHATTHEPREVIOUSENTRYCANNOTPOSSIBLYBERECORDEDBECAUSEFUTUREEVENTSINTHISPARTICULARISSUEAREUNKNOWNTHEPROVISIONENTRYMUSTNOTBERECORDEDFORTHEENTIRESTAFFBECAUSETHISWOULDBEACTINGAGAINSTTHEACCRUAL,REGISTER,ANDPRUDENTACCOUNTINGPRINCIPLESWHENISTHEBESTMOMENTFORRECORDINGASTAFFINDEMNITYPROVISIONA

45、NINDEMNITYPROVISIONMUSTBERECORDEDONLYWHENTHEENTERPRISEHASDECIDEDTOPUTANENDTOTHEEXISTINGCONTRACTSANDHASALREADYESTIMATEDBASEDUPONTHEPREVAILINGLAWTHEQUANTITYACCRUEDRECORDINGTHEPROVISIONBEFOREHANDWOULDNOTBECORRECTBECAUSETHEFIRMSDECISIONISSTILLNEEDED,NOTJUSTPERSONALOPINIONSDOANYRESTRICTIVEFACTORSEXISTFOR

46、RECORDINGITNOTONLYISTHISNOTTRIVIAL,BUTITPOSESANIMPORTANTPROBLEMITISOBVIOUSTHATIFAFIRMCANNOTFINANCIALLYAFFORDTHEINDEMNITIESBECAUSEITDOESNOTHAVEENOUGHCASH,THENTHEPROVISIONMUSTNOTBERECORDEDSINCETHEFIRMISNOTABLETOPAYIT,THELIABILITYDOESNOTEXISTREFERRINGTOTHEINDEMNITIESACCRUEDORPAIDTOTHESTAFFWHENFINISHING

47、THEIRCONTRACTS,TWOQUESTIONSARISETHATAREHEAVILYDISCUSSEDINACCOUNTINGLITERATUREMUSTTHEINDEMNITIESBECLASSIFIEDINTHEPROFITANDLOSSACCOUNTASOPERATINGOREXTRAORDINARYEXPENSESCANINDEMNITIESBECONSIDEREDANASSETATTHISPOINT,TWODIFFERENTSITUATIONSCANBEDISTINGUISHEDTHEREARETHOSEFIRMSTHATBECAUSEOFTHEIRSIZE,ACTIVITY

48、,OROTHERFACTORS,HAVEAHIGHPERSONNELTURNOVER,THEREFORE,INDEMNITIESAREAREQUENTISSUEINTHISCASE,ITSEEMSREASONABLETHATITSACCOUNTINGTREATMENTMUSTBEINSIDEOPERATINGEXPENSESBECAUSE,HERE,INDEMNITIESBECOMESOMETHINGQUITEUSUALHOWEVER,THEREARETHOSEFIRMSTHATNEEDTOCANCELCONTRACTSFORTHEFINNTOSURVIVEINTHISCASE,INDEMNI

49、TIESMUSTBECLASSIFIEDASEXTRAORDINARYEXPENSESBECAUSETHEYCOMPLYWITHCERTAINCONDITIONSTHEYDONOTFORMPARTOFTHETYPICALANDORDINARYACTIVITIESOFTHEFIRMANDTHEYARENOTSUPPOSEDTOHAPPENFREQUENTLYIFTHEEXTRAORDINARYEXPENSEDEFINITIONHOLDSTRUE,THEN,NODOUBT,INDEMNITYEXPENSESCANBECONSIDEREDEXTRAORDINARYITCANBECONCLUDEDTHATPERSONNELINDEMNITIESAREANECESSARYEXPENSEFORTHEFIRM,SOTHEYSHOULDNEVERBECONSIDEREDANASSETTHEREASONISOBVIOUSASAGENERALRULE,ANASSETISAGOODORARIGHTTHATTHEFIRMOWNSINADETERMINEDMOMENTOTHERELEMENTSAREALSOCONSIDEREDASSETSSUCHASPREPAYMENTADJUSTMENTSORCAPITALIZEDEXPENSES,WHICHARENEITHER