英国社会与文化知识点试题.doc

1、chapter 1 A general survey1、UK 全称: Official name-the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.-the United Kingdom of the UK每个 nation 的 capitalCapital city National EmblemEngland London roseScotland Edinburgh Thistle 蓟花Wales Cardiff 加的夫 Daffodil 水仙花Northern Ireland Belfast 贝尔法斯特 Shamrock

2、三叶草2、Northern Ireland:Lough Neagh:the largest lake in Britain which covers an area of 396 k (内伊湖)3、Scotland:Ben Nevis:the highest mountain in Britain（本尼维斯山）4、Edinburgh :1.the capital city of Scotland2.economic center of Scotland3.a tourist city second only to London in UK(Royal Miles .Economic reces

3、sion in the 70s;.Economic recovery in the 80s;.By the 1880s,dominant in the world,*one third of the worlds manufactured goods*half its coal and iron*half its cotton.By 1900,overtaken by US and Germany6 .Reasons for Relative DeclineQ:What causes the relative decline of UK Economy?(1).heavily into deb

4、t in order to finance the war.(2).the era of the British Empire was over-decolonization 殖民地独立(losses of raw material & market).(3).military expense(until the process of decolonization completed in the 1960s).$.lacked investment in modern equipment and new products.$.low rates of domestic industrial

5、investment$.high rate of overseas investment$.lack of a close relationship between industry and banks.Absolute decline a.Introductionand relative decline b.Reasons for relative decline Economy c.Recent HistoryThe current Primary IndustriesUK economy Secondary IndustriesTertiary IndustriesCases Analy

6、sis Positive EffectsNegative Effects7.Primary industries - Energy Production.5% of national wealth.Coal.oil and gas: North Sea (decline since 1999).producer and exporter.offshore oil industry8.Secondary industries*manufacturing(20% of national wealth) Pharmaceuticals(Glaxo Smith Kline),chemicals(ICI

7、)Aerospace 航天( 3rd largest in the world)Electronics industry( 4th largest in the world)9.Tertiary industries.Service industries (65 of national wealth).Domestic activity:retailing,tourism.International services(10% 70%).Financial and business services10.London Stock Exchange(伦敦证券交易所)In 2010,a market

8、 capitalization(资本总额)of US$2.63 trillion,made it the fourth largest stock exchange in the world and the largest in EuropeChapter 5 literature1.Old English Period(449-1066)Background:The Anglo-Saxons from Northern Europe brought their language,the basis of Modern English,as well as a specific poetic

9、tradition.Old English literature is also called Anglo-Saxon Literature. Beowulf 贝奥武夫 :the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons北欧大陆盎人迁移英格兰的英雄史诗，杀死海怪(sea monster Grendel)2.Late Medieval(中世纪) English Literature (1066-14th century)difficulties and calamities(灾害),such as famine,plague,and war,(dark age) the

10、 Black Death folk literature(民间文学) Robin Hood 罗宾汉* Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里.乔叟 - the father of English poetry(wisdom,humor,humanity) The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集(26 stories)It is made up of a series of stories told by pilgrims (朝圣者）to entertain each other on their way to the Christian Church at Canterbu

11、ry3.English Renaissance Period(15th century-early 17th century)Stared in ItalyThe Renaissance - a French word which means rebirth or revivalHumanism 人文主义 -the essence(本质) of the Renaissance,the dignity of human being (人的尊严)& the importance of the present life(珍惜当下).Peak of English Renaissance:Elizab

12、ethan Drama英国文艺复兴时期的巅峰:伊丽莎白戏剧* William Shakespeare 威廉莎士比亚(1564-1616) Tragedies:Romeo and Juliet,Hamlet,Othello,King Lear 李尔王,Macbeth 麦克白 Historical Plays:Richard ,Richard ,Henry ,Henry Comedies:The Taming of the Shrew 悍妇,A Midsummer Nights Dream 仲夏夜之梦,Twelfth Night,The Tempest,The Merchant of Venice

13、 威尼斯商人Sonnet 十四行诗 (A fourteen-line lyric poem with a single theme,usually written in iambic pentameter)抑扬格五步格诗*Thomas More 托马斯.莫尔 (1478-1535) Utopia 乌托邦*John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿 (1608-1674) Paradise Lost 失乐园*Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯.培根 Essays 随笔4.The Neoclassical Period(新古典主义时期 1660-1798)*Alexander Pope 亚历山大.蒲伯

14、(1688-1744) An Essay on Man 人论 (=Paradise Lost)*Samuel Johnson 塞缪尔.约翰逊 The Dictionary of English Language/London(英语辞典 )9 年*Jonathan Swift 乔纳森.斯威夫特 Gullivers Travels 格列夫游记*Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福 Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记*Henry Fielding 亨利.菲尔丁 英国小说之父 The History of Tom Jones,a Founding 弃婴汤姆. 琼斯的故事5.The Roma

15、ntic Period 浪漫主义时期(1798-1832).two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen(realistic)and Walter Scott(romantic)*Robert Burns 罗伯特.彭斯 A Red,Red Rose 一朵红红的玫瑰 /Auld Long Syne 往昔时光*William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯 (began with)Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集/I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud “湖畔”派诗人:William Word

16、sworth 威廉.华兹华斯Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞缪尔.泰勒.柯勒律治Robert Southey 骚赛*Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞缪尔.泰勒.柯勒律治The Rime of Ancient Mariner 古舟子咏*George Gordon Byron 乔治.戈登.拜伦 Don Juan 唐.璜*John Keates 约翰.济慈 Ode to the West Wind 西风颂*William Blake 威廉.布莱克 Songs of Innocence 天真之歌 Songs of Experience 经验之歌Sir Walter

17、Scott 沃尔特.斯科特爵士 (ended in) Ivanhoe 艾凡赫(12 世纪英国”狮心王”查理 )*Jane Austen 简.奥斯丁 upper-middle-class Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感 Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见 Emma 爱玛6.The Victorian Period (1837-1901)维多利亚时期*Charles Dickens 查尔斯.狄更斯 Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿 A Tale of Two Cities 双城记 Great Expectations 远大前程The Bronte Sist

18、ers*Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyre 简爱*Emily Bronte Wuthering Heights 呼啸山庄*Anne Bronte Agnes Grey 安格尼斯.格雷*William Thackeray 威廉.萨克雷 Vanity Fair 名利场*Thomas Hardy 托马斯.哈代 Tess of the DUrbervilles 德伯家的苔丝*Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡.王尔德 The Happy Prince and Other Tales 快乐王子故事集 The Nightingale and the Rose 夜莺与玫瑰7.The Moder

19、n Period*George Bernard Shaw 乔治 .伯纳.萧 Saint Joan 圣女贞德 Pygmalion 卖花女(My Fair Lady 窈窕淑女)Chapter 6 EducationThe UK School System:compulsory(义务) between ages of 5 and 16 years,total of 11 years1、Co-educated Schools:1).admit both boys and girls联合教育学校 2).Academic Year:divided into three terms,with holiday

20、s at Christmas,Easter,and in the summer3).follow the National Curriculum guide-lines set down by government2、State School:totally funded by the government and free3、Independent School:founded by the fees charged to the parents(public school 公学)4、Primary Education :Pre-schooling which called Nursery

21、School5、Secondary Schools:1).Grammar Schools(文法中学 3%)：“the 11 plus”examination ,preparing students for higher education.2).Comprehensive Schools(综合中学 83%):No entrance exam,general education.3).Secondary Modern School(现代中学 7%) 6、The high School Curriculum:1)16 years:GCSE Examination2)16-18 years A-Le

22、vel Course:3-4 subjects students choose the subjects they wish to study.3)18 years:A-Level ExaminationGCSE:General Certificate of Secondary Education (中学生毕业证书)7、Higher Education:receive funds from the central government.The amount of funding is based on its size,the number of students it teaches,and

23、 the research it conducts8、Entrance Procedures:1).Students can apply to a maximum of 6 universities/institutions.2).Admission- selection on basis of A level results & an interview9、Famous Universities:1)The University of Oxford:1.The oldest university in the English speaking word.2.Teaching existed

24、at Oxford in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167.2)The University of Cambridge:second-oldest.(1281)-Two characteristics of Oxford and Cambridge College system(学院制度 )Tutorial system(导师制度 )3)The University of London:1.It was founded in 1836.(联邦制大学)2.a federation of colleges 4)Buckingham University:the only independent university5)Open University:UK largest university for part-time higherChinese & British Education System