1、外文文献翻译原文ACCOUNTINGFORGOODWILLASTUDYINPERMISSIVENESSGOODWILLONCONSOLIDATIONISTHETERMUSEDTODESCRIBETHEEXCESSOFTHECOSTOFINVESTMENTSINSUBSIDIARIESOVERTHEBOOKVALUEOFTHEEQUITYACQUIREDITHASGENERATEDCONSIDERABLEDISCUSSIONANDDIVERSITYOFOPINIONINTHEUSAOPINIONNO17OFTHEACCOUNTINGPRINCIPLESBOARDHASSTANDARDIZEDTH
2、EBOOKKEEPINGPROCEDUREINVOLVEDONEOFTHECHIEFCRITICISMSOFTHECURRENTAICPAPOSITIONISTHERIGIDITYANDARBITRARINESSOFUNIVERSAL,SYSTEMATICWRITINGOFFOFCONSOLIDATEDGOODWILLAGAINSTCONSOLIDATEDPROFITFLEXIBILITYISLIMITEDPRIMARILYTOSELECTIONOFTHEAMORTIZATIONPERIODTWOTOFORTYYEARSINAUSTRALIATHEUTMOSTFLEXIBILITYINTHIS
3、ASPECTOFACCOUNTINGPRACTICEISPERMISSABLEBECAUSETHEPROFESSIONALACCOUNTINGBODIES,THECOMPANIESACT,ANDLOCALSTOCKEXCHANGELISTINGREQUIREMENTSDONOTSPECIFYANYGUIDELINESINACCOUNTINGFORGOODWILLINTHEABSENCEOFANYSPECIFICACCOUNTINGSTANDARDITCOULDBEHYPOTHESIZEDTHATAMELANGEOFCONFLICTINGPRACTICESWOULDEXISTINTHISSENS
4、EITMIGHTWELLBEARGUEDTHATNOTHAVINGANYACCOUNTINGSTANDARDISWORSETHANHAVINGANARBITRARYSTANDARDTHETREATMENTBYAUSTRALIANCOMPANIESOFGOODWILLONCONSOLIDATIONPROVIDESANEXCELLENTOPPORTUNITYTOSTUDYTHEDEVELOPMENTOFACCOUNTINGINANALMOSTCOMPLETELYFREESITUATIONBECAUSEOFTHEMANYALTERNATIVESADVOCATEDINTHELITERATURETHES
5、URVEYTHESURVEYWASINTENDEDTOPROVIDEOBSERVATIONSOFCURRENTACCOUNTINGPRACTICESRELATINGTO,ORAFFECTINGGOODWILLONCONSOLIDATIONFORTHISREASONTHISREPORTDOESNOTATTEMPTTOASSESSTHESOUNDNESSOFPRACTICESINUSEBUTCONCENTRATESSIMPLYONFINDINGOUTWHATISDONEFIVEHUNDREDANDTWENTYFIVEAUSTRALIANPUBLICCOMPANIESLISTEDONTHEMELBO
6、URNESTOCKEXCHANGEWEREINCLUDEDINTHESURVEY,AND277REPLIEDGIVINGARESPONSERATEOF53PERCENT(THE525COMPANIESREPRESENTEDALLOFTHENONMININGAUSTRALIANCOMPANIESLISTEDONTHEMELBOURNESTOCKEXCHANGEASAT6NOVEMBER1974)OFTHE277COMPANIESREPLYING,196INDICATEDTHATCONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTSAREPREPAREDANDHENCETHATGOODWILLONCONSO
7、LIDATIONCOULDEXIST(ROBERTWGIBSONISHEADOFTHEDEPARTMENTOFBUSINESSSTUDIESANDJERERFRANCISWASFORMERLYALECTURERINACCOUNTING,GORDONINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY,GEELONG,AUSTRALIA)TIMEWASSELECTEDASTHEMAJORCRITERIONFORCATEGORIZINGTHEMANYPOSSIBLEALTERNATIVEACCOUNTINGPRACTICESADVOCATEDINACCOUNTINGLITERATURESPECIFICALL
8、Y,INITIALADJUSTMENTSAFFECTINGTHEAMOUNTOFRECORDEDGOODWILLANDSUBSEQUENTADJUSTMENTSTOGOODWILLINTHECONSOLIDATEDFINANCIALSTATEMENTSINITIALADJUSTMENTSWHENACONTROLLINGINTERESTINASUBSIDIARYCOMPANYISFIRSTATTAINED,SEVERALACCOUNTINGPRACTICESMIGHTBEUSEDWHICHAFFECTTHEAMOUNTOFGOODWILLWENOMINATEDTHREEINTHESURVEY1R
9、EVALUATIONOFTHESUBSIDIARYSASSETSTOELIMINATEALLORPARTOFTHECONSOLIDATEDGOODWILL,2WRITINGDOWNOFTHEINVESTMENTACCOUNTINTHEPARENTSACCOUNTSTOELIMINATEALLORPARTOFTHEGOODWILL,AND3NOINITIALADJUSTMENTAFFECTINGGOODWILLONCONSOLIDATIONTABLE1INITIALADJUSTMENTSAFFECTINGGOODWILLONCONSOLIDATIONSOMETYPEOFINITIALADJUST
10、MENTMADENOINITIALADJUSTMENTMADETOTALNUMBEROFCOMPANIESASAPERCENTAGEOFTOTALCOMPANIESRESPONDINGANDPREPARING90459106541196100CONSOLIDATEDFINANCIALSTATEMENTSTABLE2NATUREOFINITIALADJUSTMENTSTYPEOFADJUSTMENTSNUMBEROFCOMPANIESAREVALUATIONOFSUBSIDIARYASSETSBWRITINGDOWNOFTHEINVESTMENTINPARENTACCOUNTSAGAINSTRE
11、SERVESORUNDISTRIBUTEDPROFITSCBOTHAANDBTOTALCOMPANIES21A58B1190AINCLUDEDINTHETOTALWERE6COMPANIESMAKINGNOINITIALADJUSTMENTSAFFECTINGGOODWILLFORSOMEINVESTMENTS,ASWELLASREVALUINGASSETSINOTHERINSTANCESBINCLUDEDINTHETOTALWERE2COMPANIESMAKINGNOINITIALADJUSTMENTSAFFECTINGGOODWILLFORSOMEINVESTMENTSASWELLASWR
12、ITINGDOWNTHEINVESTMENTACCOUNTINOTHERINSTANCESTWOPOINTSARENOTEWORTHYABOUTTHEINITIALADJUSTMENTSPRACTICESSUMMARIZEDINTABLES1AND2FIRSTLY,WEANTICIPATEDMORECOMPANIESWOULDHAVEELIMINATEDALLORPARTOFGOODWILLBYIMMEDIATELYREVALUINGTHESUBSIDIARYSASSETSTOTHEIRCURRENTFAIRMARKETVALUEAUSTRALIANPRACTICEDOESNOTADHERER
13、IGIDLYTOHISTORICALCOSTANDASSETREVALUATIONSAREMADEATREGULARINTERVALSBYMANYCOMPANIES(ANUNPUBLISHEDSTUDYBYRWGIBSONOF1967ANNUALREPORTSREVEALEDTHATCOSTWASRETAINEDASTHEBASISOFVALUATIONFORLANDANDBUILDINGSBY21PERCENTOFCOMPANIESANDFORPLANTANDMACHINERYBY38PERCENTOFCOMPANIES,THESEBEINGTHEMAJORNONCURRENTASSETIT
14、EMS)MUCHTOOURSURPRISE,HOWEVER,THEMOREOFTENUSEDTECHNIQUETOADJUSTINITIALLYTHEAMOUNTOFGOODWILLISBYWRITINGDOWNTHEINVESTMENTINTHEPARENTSBOOKSAGAINSTRESERVESORUNDISTRIBUTEDPROFITSTHISPRACTICEWHICHISEFFECTIVELYWHATWASADVOCATEDINARS10BYCATLETTANDOLSENGEORGERCATLETTANDNORMANOOLSON,ACCOUNTINGFORGOODWILT,ACCOU
15、NTINGRESEARCHSTUDY10,AICPA,1968ISEXTREMELYCONSERVATIVEINTHEFIRSTYEARBECAUSEITREDUCESTHEASSETTOTALHOWEVER,INSUBSEQUENTYEARSCONSOLIDATEDPROFITISHIGHERTHANIFTHEGOODWILLWERESYSTEMATICALLYAMORTIZEDSECONDLYSHOULDBENOTEDTHEDIVERSITYOFPRACTICEOCCURRINGWITHININDIVIDUALCOMPANIESATOTALOFNINETEENCOMPANIESREPRES
16、ENTING97PERCENTOFTHERESPONDENTCOMPANIESUSEDTWOORMOREOFTHETHREEPRACTICESAFFECTINGTHEAMOUNTOFGOODWILLSEETABLE2,ESPECIALLYNOTESAANDBITSHOULDNOTBEASSUMEDTHATANINTERNALMULTIPLICITYOFPRACTICESBYTHESECOMPANIESISUNDESIRABLEORUNSOUNDTHESECASESDOILLUSTRATETHEPOSSIBLEMACHINATIONSANDMANIPULATIONSOFFINANCIALSTAT
17、EMENTSWHICHCOULDOCCURINTHEABSENCEOFANACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSUBSEQUENTADJUSTMENTSGOODWILLONCONSOLIDATIONCANALSOBEADJUSTEDINTHECONSOLIDATEDFINANCIALSTATEMENTS,SUBSEQUENTTOTHEACQUISITIONOFACONTROLLINGINTERESTINSUBSIDIARIESWEANALYSEDTHEWRITEOFFOFGOODWILLTODETERMINEIFITISWRITTENOFFAGAINCONSOLIDATEDRESERVESOR
18、UNDISTRIBUTEDPROFITSORCONSOLIDATEDPROFITBOTHPRACTICESHAVEBEENADVOCATEDBYVARIOUSAUTHORS(SEEFOREXAMPLE,LSPACEK,THETREATMENTOFGOODWILLMTHECORPORATEBALANCESHEET“,JOURNATOFACCOUNTANCY,FEBRUARY1964,PP3540RJCHAMBERS,ACCOUNTING,EVALUATIONANDECONOMICBEHAVIOR,PRENTICEHALL,1966,P218MALCOLMCMILLER,GOODWILLANAGG
19、REGATIONISSUE,ACCOUNTINGREVIEW,APRIL1973,P289FURTHERREFERENCESTOPROPOSALSFORSYSTEMATICWRITEOFFSARECITEDBYLEONARDMORRISEY,INTANGIBLECOSTSINMORTONBACKERED,MODERNACCOUNTINGTHEORY,PRENTICEHALL,1966,P209)INOTHERWORDSDOESTHEWRITEOFFOFGOODWILLAFFECTPROFIT,ORISITABELOWTHELINEADJUSTMENTTABLE3COMPANIESMAKINGA
20、DJUSTMENTSTOGOODWILLINTHECONSOLIDATEDFINANCIALSTATEMENTSSUBSEQUENTADJUSTMENTSOFSOMETYPEARENOSUBSEQUENTADJUSTMENTSTOGOODWILLARETOTALMADEMADENUMBEROFCOMPANIESASAPERCENTAGEOFTOTALCOMPANIESRESPONDINGANDPREPARINGCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIALSTATEMENTS88449108551196100TABLE4PRACTICESUSEDTOWRITEOFFGOODWILLWRITTENO
21、FFAGAINSTWRITTENOFFAGAINSTTYPEOFWRITEOFFPOLICYUSEDBYCOMPANIESACONSOLIDATEDPROFITCONSOLIDATEDRESERVESUNDISTRIBUTEDPROFITSLUMPSUMPERIODICDIRECTORSDISCRETION161483389TOTAL3850ATHISTABLESUMMARIZESTHEWRITEOFFOFGOODWILLFOR79COMPANIESANOTHER9COMPANIESINDICATEDTHATGOODWILLISADJUSTEDINTHECONSOLIDATEDSTATEMEN
22、TS,BUTDIDNOTSPECIFYHOWALSO,9COMPANIESUSEDMORETHANONEPOLICYTOWRITEOFFGOODWILLTHESUMMARIZEDRESULTSOFSUBSEQUENTADJUSTMENTPRACTICESSETOUTINTABLES3AND4TELLMUCHTHESAMESTORYASTABLES1AND2TOLDOFTHEINITIALADJUSTMENTPRACTICESASIMILARPERCENTAGEOFRESPONDENTCOMPANIESMADESUBSEQUENTADJUSTMENTSTOGOODWILLINTHECONSOLI
23、DATEDFINANCIALSTATEMENTSTHEREISLIKEWISEAGREATVARIETYOFPRACTICESINUSEANDAGAIN,SOMECOMPANIESUSEACOMBINATIONOFMETHODSSEETABLE4,NOTEATABLE4ALSOREVEALSTHATCONSIDERABLEFLEXIBILITYEXISTSINTHEWRITEOFFPOLICYUSEDBYCOMPANIES,RANGINGFROMTHESYSTEMATICPERIODICAMORTIZATIONASRECOMMENDEDBYAPBOPINION17TOTHEEQUALLYARB
24、ITRARYLUMPSUMANDDIRECTORSDISCRETIONARYWRITEOFFSEVENMORESTARTLINGHOWEVER,ISTHEEXTENTTOWHICHDIVERSITYAFFECTSCONSOLIDATEDPROFITTABLE4REVEALSTHATFIFTYCOMPANIESAMONGTHERESPONDENTSWRITEOFFGOODWILLBELOWTHELINE,WHILETHIRTYEIGHTINCLUDETHEWRITEOFFINTHEDETERMINATIONOFCONSOLIDATEDPROFITWITHTHREECOMPANIESDOINGBO
25、THWHILETHEREMIGHTBEACASEFORFLEXIBILITYASTOTHEDEGREEANDTIMINGOFTHEWRITEOFFOFGOODWILL,THERECANBENOSUPPORTFORTHEPERMISSIVENESSWHICHALLOWSTHEWRITEOFFTOBEABOVEORBELOWTHELINECOULDITBETHATTHECHOICEDEPENDSONTHEINCOMESMOOTHINGNEEDSOFMANAGEMENTTHEADVANTAGESOFTHEMCSARGUABLY,THEMCSISEASYTOUNDERSTAND,EVENBYARELA
26、TIVELYUNSOPHISTICATEDREADERASILLUSTRATED,IT1MAINTAINSTHEBALANCESHEETINITSTRADITIONALFORM,FORTHOSEANALYSTSWHOCONSIDERITUSEFUL,APARTFROMTHEELIMINATIONOFGOODWILLANDIIASADJUSTMENTSWHICH,INPRACTICE,AREOFTENMADEBYANALYSTS2PROVIDES,FORTHEFIRSTTIME,INFORMATIONINTHEANNUALREPORTASTOTHESTOCKMARKETCAPITALIZATIO
27、NOFTHECOMPANYATTHEYEARENDWHICHCANBEDIRECTLYCOMPAREDWITHBALANCESHEETCARRYINGVALUESATTHATDATE3HIGHLIGHTSVARIATIONSINENTERPRISEVALUEARISINGFROMMARKETFLUCTUATIONS4FOCUSESATTENTIONONGOODWILL,EVENINCASESWHERENOGOODWILLHASBEENPURCHASEDCONCLUSIONSTHESTUDYSETOUTTOSEEIFDIVERSITYINACCOUNTINGPRACTICESRELATINGTO
28、GOODWILLWOULDEXISTINTHEABSENCEOFANACCOUNTINGSTANDARDWEFOUNDINEXISTENCEAMELANGEOFPRACTICESANDTHATTHESEPRACTICESAREATLEASTPARTIALLYCONFLICTINGEVENIFTHESTUDYHASNOTPROVEDCONCLUSIVELYTHATNOTHAVINGANYACCOUNTINGSTANDARDISWORSETHANHAVINGANARBITRARYONE,OURJUDGEMENTISTHATTHECONFLICTINGDIVERSITYFOUNDISATLEASTA
29、SBADASANYARBITRARYRULECOULDBETHEUNIFORMITYVERSUSFLEXIBILITYDEBATEWILLPROBABLYCONTINUEFORSOMETIMETHECONTRIBUTIONOFTHISSTUDYTOTHATDEBATEISTODEMONSTRATETHATCOMPLETEPERMISSIVENESSORFLEXIBILITYISSEENTORESULTINCHAOSTHEADVOCATESOFFLEXIBILITYMUSTTEMPERTHEIRPOSITIONANDACKNOWLEDGETHENEEDFORAWELLCONTROLLEDANDL
30、IMITEDFLEXIBILITYTHISWORKPROVIDESAMEANSOFRESOLVINGONEOFACCOUNTINGSONGOINGPROBLEMSHOWTOACCOUNTFORGOODWILLANEXTENSIVELITERATUREREVIEWREVEALEDGENERALAGREEMENTTHATGOODWILLBECONVENIENTLYDIVIDEDINTOTWOCLASSESTHATWHICHHADBEENINTERNALLYGENERATEDANDTHATWHICHHADBEENPURCHASEDTHEREWASALSOGENERALAGREEMENTTHATTHE
31、FORMERCATEGORYSHOULDNOTBEBROUGHTTOACCOUNTBECAUSEITWASIMPOSSIBLETODOSOWITHINTHEACCEPTEDRULESOFDOUBLEENTRYBOOKKEEPINGANDHISTORICALCOSTBASEDACCOUNTINGONTHEOTHERHAND,THEREWASNODIFFICULTYINBRINGINGPURCHASEDGOODWILLTOACCOUNT,BUTCONTROVERSYRAGEDASTOHOWTOTREATTHEAMOUNT,ONCERECOGNIZEDVARIOUSMETHODSWERETRIEDA
32、NDABANDONED,ONLYTORESURFACELATERWHENTHEDEFECTSOFTHECURRENTPARADIGMBECAMEAPPARENTDESPITETHEGENERALRECOGNITIONTHAT,INPRACTICE,THETWOCLASSESOFGOODWILLWEREINDISTINGUISHABLEINTERMSOFTHEIRABILITYTOGENERATESTREAMSOFREVENUE,ACCOUNTINGTHEORISTSNONETHELESSSTROVETOMAINTAINADISTINCTIONTOSERVETHELIMITATIONSOFTHE
33、ACCOUNTINGSYSTEMITCANCONFIDENTLYBEEXPECTEDTHAT,ASTHESEANDOTHERANOMALIESMANIFESTTHEMSELVESINPRACTICE,THECURRENTIMPAIRMENTREGIMEWILLPROVEYETANOTHERCASEWHEREWECONCEIVEOFISSUESINSUCHAWAYTHATTHEYAREINPRINCIPLEUNRESOLVABLETHEREISLITTLE,IFANYTHING,WHICHWOULDMAKETHECURRENTIMPAIRMENTREGIMEWORTHMAINTAININGTHE
34、PROPOSEDWAYFORWARDISTOACCEPTSTERLINGSVIEWOFTHENEEDTOREDEFINETHEPROBLEMTHEREISANEEDTORECOGNIZETHATINFORMATIONREGARDINGTHEGOODWILLATTRIBUTABLETOALISTEDENTITYISUSEFULTOAPERSONMAKINGANDEVALUATINGDECISIONSRELATINGTOTHATENTITYTHENONENEEDSTOASKHOWTHECURRENTLEVELOFINFORMATIONRELATINGTOGOODWILLINTHEFINANCIAL
35、STATEMENTSCANBEIMPROVEDTHEMCSISALOGICALLYDEFENSIBLEMETHODOFACCOUNTINGFORGOODWILLWHICHADDRESSESTHEREDEFINEDPROBLEMINITIALEXPERIENCEINDICATEDTHATITWOULDBESIMPLEANDINEXPENSIVETOIMPLEMENTWHETHERITISCOSTEFFECTIVEISAMATTERFORFURTHERRESEARCHREFERENCESBLOOM,M,DOUBLEACCOUNTINGFORGOODWILLAPROBLEMREDEFINED,ROU
36、TLEDGE,2008CHAMBERS,RJ,ACCOUNTING,EVALUATIONANDECONOMICBEHAVIOR,SCHOLARSBOOKCO,1966CONTINUOUSLYCONTEMPORARYACCOUNTINGMISUNDERSTANDINGSANDMISINTERPRETATIONS,ABACUS,DECEMBER1976,ANACCOUNTINGTHESAURUSFIVEHUNDREDYEARSOFACCOUNTING,PERGAMON,1995EDWARDS,JR,THEORIGINSANDEVOLUTIONOFTHEDOUBLEACCOUNTSYSTEMANEX
37、AMPLEOFACCOUNTINGINNOVATION,ABACUS,MARCH1985HAMILTON,R,ANINTRODUCTIONTOMERCHANDIZE,ELLIOTT,1788,REPRINTEDGARLAND,1982IASC,FRAMEWORKFORTHEPREPARATIONANDPRESENTATIONOFFINANCIALSTATEMENTS,IASC,1989MA,R,ANDRHOPKINS,GOODWILLANEXAMPLEOFPUZZLESOLVING,ABACUS,VOL24,NO1,1988FROMROBERTWGIBSON,JERERFRANCISACCOU
38、NTINGFORGOODWILLASTUDYINPERMISSIVENESSJ2008ABACUS,DEC75,VOL11ISSUE2,P167171译文商誉的会计处理一项纵容的研究合并商誉是一种用来描述在子公司投资成本高出股权获得的账面价值的术语。它具有相当多的争议性。美国会计准则委员会17号意见指出记帐过程要标准。美国注册会计师协会当前主要批评的是其普遍的随意性,合并商誉核销于合并利润。选择摊销期限的灵活性被限(两到四十年)。在澳大利亚是允许会计实践中的灵活性的,因为这方面的专业会计机构,公司法,和当地证券交易所在处理商誉方面不指定任何要求。在没有具体准则的情况下它能假设实践中会存在矛盾。
39、在这个意义上,它很可能会争辩说,有一个任意的标准总比没有任何会计准则好。澳大利亚公司免费提供了一个极好的机会去学习会计的发展,因为很多人关注这项研究。调查这项调查是为了观察目前的会计实务,或合并商誉的影响。为此该报告并不试图评估在使用中实践的正确性,但要了解做什么。525间在墨尔本澳大利亚证券交易所上市的公司被列入调查,277间给予53的回应率(这525间公司代表所有于1974年11月6日在墨尔本证券交易所上市的非澳大利亚公司)。在这277间公司的回答中,196间表示准备编制合并报表(因此合并商誉可能存在)。(罗伯特W吉布森是商业研究领域的领头者,杰瑞R弗朗西斯曾是会计学讲师,戈登技术学院,吉
40、朗,澳大利亚“时间”被选定为分类会计文献中提倡会计实务的主要标准具体来说,初始调整影响记录商誉的金额随后在合并财务报表中调整商誉。初始调整当一间子公司第一次获得控股权,几个会计实务可能被用来影响商誉金额。我们指出调查中的三点(1)资产重估以消除所有或部分合并商誉。(2)记录下来母公司的投资帐户以消除所有或部分商誉。(3)初始调整不影响合并商誉。表1初始调整影响合并商誉一些初步调整的类型无初始调整总计公司数目所占公司总量中的比例编制合并财务报表90459106541196100表2自然初始调整调整类型公司数目A附属资产重估母公司账户未分配利润CA和B总公司21A58B1190A共包括6家公司没有
41、做初始调整影响商誉投资,以及在其他情况下重估资产。B共包括2家公司在其他情况下没有做初始调整影响商誉投资以及投资帐户。总结表1和表2关于初始调整值得注意的两点是。首先,我们预期将有更多的企业通过资产重估当前的公允市场价值以取消全部或部分的商誉。澳大利亚的做法并不拘泥于通过许多公司定期作出历史成本和资产重估罗伯特W吉布森1967年未发表的年度报告显示,公司21的土地、楼宇和38的机器、设备要作为基础价值成本保留,这些主要是非流动资产项目)。但令我们吃惊的是,经常用于初始调整商誉金额的方法是通过记录母公司的未分配利润。这种做法(由美国农业研究局的卡特利特和奥尔森提出)(乔治R卡特利特和诺曼O奥尔森
42、,商誉会计,会计研究性学习,美国注册会计师协会,1968年)在第一年是非常保守的,因为它使资产总额减少了;但是,随后几年的综合利润高于摊销商誉,其次是要注意在个别公司内实践的多样性。占受访公司97的19家表示,曾使用两种或更多的方法影响商誉的金额。(见表2,尤其注意到A和B)它由公司内部做法的多样性设定是不可取或不健全的。这些情况都说明在没有会计准则时可能会窜改财务报表。后续调整在合并财务报表中也可以调整合并商誉和附属公司的控股。我们分析它是为确定商誉(或未分配利润)或合并利润。许多作者提倡这两种做法(例如,L切克,“该公司资产负债表中商誉的处理”,会计学,1964年2月,第3540页;RJ钱
43、伯斯,会计,评价和经济行为,普伦蒂斯霍尔出版社,1966年,第218页;马尔科姆C米勒,“商誉合并问题”,会计评论,1973年4月,第289页。伦纳德莫里西建议进一步参考冲销系统,“无形成本”在莫顿巴克(编辑),现代会计理论,普伦蒂斯霍尔出版社,1966年,第209页)。换句话说冲销商誉影响利润,或者它是一个“线下”调整表3公司在合并财务报表中调整商誉一些后续调整的类型没有后续调整的商誉总计公司数目编制合并财务报表的公司所占比率88449108551196100表4实践用于冲销商誉冲销公司A所采用的冲销政策类型综合利润综合权益(未分配利润)总和周期董事们的决定161483389总计3850A表
44、4总结有79家公司冲销商誉。另9家公司表示在合并报表中调整商誉,但没有说明具体如何。此外,有9家公司使用一种以上的方法冲销商誉。表3表4中后续调整和表1表2中初步调整的结果一样。在合并财务报表中后续调整商誉有相同比例。同样的在各种实践中,一些公司使用组合方法。(见表4,注意A)表4还显示,公司使用的冲销政策存在相当大的灵活性,从系统化的定期摊销(会计原则委员会17号意见推荐)在冲销董事的可支配资产上。然而更令人吃惊的是一定程度上影响综合利润的多样性。表4显示,调查中有五十间公司摊销“线下”商誉,而三十八家决定合并利润(与三家公司也都做)。摊销商誉程度和时间的灵活性,没人支持摊销高于或低于线。难
45、道选择取决于管理收入MCS的优势可以说,MCS是很容易理解的,即使是一个相对单纯的读者。如下所示1保持其在资产负债表中的传统形式,对于那些认为它很有用的分析家,除了冲销商誉和国际投资协定(在实践中往往是由分析家调整的)。2第一次规定年度报告中的信息,作为年底公司股票市值可直接在资产负债表中体现的账面价值。3企业价值的变化引起市场波动。4关注商誉,即使在没有购买商誉的情况下。结论这项研究的出发点是如果商誉会计实践的多样性存在于没有会计标准的情况下。我们发现在这些做法中至少部分存在冲突。即使该项研究并没有证明得出结论说,有一个任意的比没有任何会计标准好,我们的判断是冲突的多样性至少和任意规则一样糟
46、。“统一性与灵活性”的辩论可能会持续一段时间。这项研究对辩论的贡献是要证明放任的结果混乱的。灵活性的主张必须站队自己的立场,承认需要良好的控制和灵活性的限制。这项研究提供了一个解决当前会计问题的方法如何计算商誉。相关文献显示可分为两类一类是内部产生的,一类是已被购买的。还普遍一致认为前者不应入帐,因为在复式记账和以历史成本为基础的源则下这样做是不可能的。另一方面,确认外购的商誉没有困难,但如何处理金额争论激烈。在当前范式的缺陷变得明显后尝试和放弃了各种方法。尽管普遍认识到在实践中,两类商誉在产生收入的能力方面不可分辨,会计理论界仍然以会计制度的局限来区分它们。它可以自信地预见的是,由于在实践中
47、这些和其他异常表现自己,当前减值制度将证明“我们设想这样一个问题的方式,他们的原则是不可解析的”。几乎没有,如果有的话,这将使减值制度值得维护。建议在将来接受斯特林的看法重新定义这个问题。有必要认识到,关于商誉方面的信息对作出有关决定和评估该实体的人是非常有用的。然后需要问的是怎么可以提高目前有关财务报表中商誉信息的水平。MCS是一种处理商誉的稳定方法。初步的经验表明,它的实施简单廉价。是否具有成本效益是进一步研究的问题。参考文献1布卢姆M双商誉会计一个重新定义的问题M劳特利奇出版社2008年2钱伯斯RJ会计,评估和经济行为M学者图书有限公司1966年当代会计误解和曲解J珠算1976年12月帕加马五百年的会计会计词库1995年3爱德华兹JR双会计制度的起源与发展一个会计创新的例子J珠算1985年3月4汉密尔顿R商品介绍J埃利奥特1788年转载自加兰1982年5机构间常设委员会财务报表的列报及制备的框架S机构间常设委员会1989年6马R,R霍普金斯商誉一个解谜范例J珠算,第24卷,第1期1988年11月出处罗伯特W吉布森,杰雷弗朗西斯商誉的会计处理一个纵容的研究J珠算,第11卷第2期,第167171页2009年12月
Copyright © 2018-2021 Wenke99.com All rights reserved
工信部备案号:浙ICP备20026746号-2
公安局备案号:浙公网安备33038302330469号
本站为C2C交文档易平台,即用户上传的文档直接卖给下载用户,本站只是网络服务中间平台,所有原创文档下载所得归上传人所有,若您发现上传作品侵犯了您的权利,请立刻联系网站客服并提供证据,平台将在3个工作日内予以改正。