世界经济论坛-增强基础设施中的公私合作：国家基础设施加速（英文）.pptx

1、World Economic Forum 91-93 route de la Capite CH-1223 Cologny/Geneva SwitzerlandTel.: +41 (0)22 869 1212Fax: +41 (0)22 786 2744Email: contactweforum.org www.weforum.org 2018 World Economic Forum. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any

2、means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system.3Empowering Public-Private Collaboration in InfrastructurePrefaceForewordExecutive summaryContext1. Infrastructure investment gap2. Public-private collaboration to unlock the investment potential3. Object

3、ive of the reportThe National Infrastructure Acceleration (NIA) approach1. NIA origins Indonesias need for a sustained country dialogue2. The approach3. NIA Implementation RoadmapStep 1: Assess country readinessStep 2: Identify key stakeholdersStep 3: Understand the needsStep 4: Build the structureS

4、tep 5: Define the action planStep 6: Track progress and measure successThe way forwardAnnexes1. NIA Implementation Checklist2. Related World Economic Forum reports and publicationsEndnotes567881010111111121213141418192021212223Contents4 Empowering Public-Private Collaboration in Infrastructure5Empow

5、ering Public-Private Collaboration in InfrastructurePrefaceOver the past decade, through its dedicated infrastructure and investment work streams, the World Economic Forum has deployed significant resources to develop public-private cooperation and facilitate the adoption of global best practices in

6、 areas related to infrastructure development and financing.Our experience shows that a high level of mistrust still exists between the stakeholders, which often manifests itself when national infrastructure programmes are being planned, financed or executed. In this context, the National Infrastruct

7、ure Acceleration (NIA) initiative offers a platform where the body of knowledge and experience acquired globally translates into concrete measures that contribute to boosting strategic infrastructure development and investment at a country level.In close cooperation with S however, in a world where

8、there is no shortage of capital, pursuing the right collaborations and frameworks may offer a potential solution. In this context, the National Infrastructure Acceleration (NIA) model proposes an innovative approach to a sustainedcountry dialogue to address infrastructure development and investment.

9、NIA facilitates interaction between the private sector and governments, thereby contributing to improving countries investment climates, deepening local capital markets and ultimately accelerating the development of infrastructure pipelines.To achieve this, the NIA initiative convenes national multi

10、stakeholder working groups, recognized and endorsed by the national governments concerned. These working groups represent a standing, multistakeholder platform designed to facilitate interaction between its members, the goal of which is to identify actionable solutions to advance infrastructure deve

11、lopment and financing. They also provide a space to address policy questions and initiate collaborative projects among members.This report describes a standardized NIA Implementation Roadmap created by the World Economic Forum in close cooperation with S&P Global. By defining a series of activities

12、that have proven to be effective in implementing NIA successfully at a country level, the Forum aspires to expand its reach and further the adoption of the model in additional countries, municipalities and regions around the world.This publication is intended to serve as a blueprint for policy-maker

13、s, private entities and multilateral development banks (MDBs) that want to introduce a sustainable model for public-private collaboration in their respective countries or jurisdictions.8 Empowering Public-Private Collaboration in Infrastructure1. Infrastructure investment gapInfrastructure is consid

14、ered a core driver of economic prosperity. A majority of studies report infrastructures significant and positive effect on output, productivity and long-term growth rates. In the United States, according to S&P Global, an additional 1% of real GDP spent on infrastructure could boost the economy by a

15、 factor of1.2. Advocating for increased infrastructure delivery is not an abstract calling. In 2013, the World Economic Forumreported that the infrastructure in Colombia was among the worst in Latin America.1 Since then, the governmenthas realized a series of institutional reforms to help increase t

16、he volume and quality of its overall infrastructure. Today, Colombias Infrastructure Index has improved, together with a significant upgrade in the quality of its roads, ports, electricity supply and other key structures (Figure 1).2ContextSource: World Economic Forum, The Global Competitiveness Rep

17、ort 2013-2014 and The Global Competitiveness Report 2017-2018While Colombia and other countries around the world were able to boost their project delivery, infrastructure supply globally still does not keep pace with demand due to various impediments. They include, notably, public-sector budget cons

18、traints following the global financial crisis, as well as the reluctance of private financiers to commit capital to long-term and risky projects. In addition, infrastructure programmes are hampered by several issues in the project origination and preparation phases, including suboptimalproject ident

19、ification and prioritization, low-quality master- planning, slow permitting and procurement processes, and inadequate risk allocation and delivery models. As a result, private-sector participation in infrastructure projects globally has been insufficient, creating a large financing gap. The World Ba

20、nk Group estimates that developing and developed markets together will need to invest around $94 trillion to close the global financing gap by 2040 (Figure 2).3Figure 1: Colombia infrastructure rankings, 2017-2018 and 2013 (out of 137 and 148, respectively)Colombia (2017-2018) Colombia (2013)37Quali

21、ty of overall infrastructure 109 117Quality of roads 110 130Quality of railroad infrastructure 96 113Quality of port infrastructure 77 110Quality of air transport infrastructure 81 96Available airline seat km/week, millions 39Quality of electricity supply 79 63Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.

22、 68 87Fixed telephone lines/100 pop. 74 849Empowering Public-Private Collaboration in InfrastructureFigure 2: Regional infrastructure investment needs, 2016-2040 ($ billion)Source: The World Bank Group, “Forecasting infrastructure investment needs for 50 countries, 7 sectors through 2040”, 10 August

23、 2017Challenges surrounding infrastructure investment affect both developed and developing countries. According to the American Society of Civil Engineers, if measures arent taken to fund and repair the ageing infrastructure in theUnited States, business could miss out on $7 trillion in sales by 202

24、0, and its GDP would decline by $3.9 trillion. This translates into an annual loss of $3,400 per household and2.5 million fewer US jobs (Figure 3).Source: S&P Global Ratings, “Developing U.S. Infrastructure In An Era Of Emerging Challenges: Observations From Key Sectors”, June 2017Figure 3: US infra

25、structure needs in figuresChart 1: The U.S. infrastructure need in figuresMuch Needed Funds To lmprove Our Economy And Quality Of Litett eBROKENwatermain breaksOVERPAIDper householdannually fordelayed goodsPaylng the prlce of Inaction by 20201)$7TRILLIONlost in business sales0$3.9TRILLIONlost in gro

26、ss domestic product)$3,400PER YEARlost byhouseholds02.5MILLIONfewer jobs in U.S.LION2,4,5LOSTDISCHARGEDgallonsof untreated sewageWASTEDby antiquated power transmission and distribution per year 56,0072DEFICIENT$90 BILLION2 REPAIRS $62 BILLION3 BACKLOG $160 BILStructurally needed construction Sitting

27、deficient for public projects by U.S. in trafficbridges transit Corps of Engineers each year ! 0 Q240,0002 $900 BILLION2 $25 BILLION6 $232710 Empowering Public-Private Collaboration in Infrastructure2. Public-private collaboration to unlock the investment potentialTo secure the benefits of well-plan

28、ned and functional infrastructure, governments need to increase the amount they invest in infrastructure. As many of them are under tight fiscal constraints, additional public investment is often difficult (if not impossible). In this context, greater cooperation and coordination between governments

29、 and the private sector appear essential. Combined with otherpolicy actions, increased public-private collaboration usually provides a number of benefits, as illustrated in the sections below.Optimize public-sector spendingSome forms of innovative financing models, such as the Asset Recycling model,

30、4 allow governments to unlock the capital from existing infrastructure by leasing assets to investors keen to invest in a tried-and-true asset that generates stable and predictable returns over the longterm. Governments then can reinvest the capital proceeds into new infrastructure to meet the deman

31、d of future generations. This approach avoids the need to continually raise taxes or increase borrowing and debt levels and has the potential to attract a larger number of international investors.Enhance efficiency, innovation and technology transfer Public-private collaboration, through knowledge t

32、ransfer and capacity building, can upskill public-sector officials and improve public procurements, ultimately upgrading the quality of project pipelines. Introducing private-sector technology and innovation into public processes can generate better public services through improved operational effic

33、iency. Joint ventures with large international firms can help develop local market capabilities,improve quality standards and efficiency, as well as offer subcontracting opportunities to local firms. In the long term, this helps improve a countrys competitiveness and boosts its businesses and indust

34、ry.Facilitate dialogue and overcome mistrustFrom the private-sector perspective, under the right conditions, infrastructure has the potential to generate relatively stable risk-adjusted returns. Unfortunately, the lack of shared understanding, misalignment of incentives and persistent mistrust can r

35、aise an invisible wall, hamperingthe delivery of many infrastructure projects. By encouraging information sharing and providing a space to address policy questions through a multistakeholder lens, public- private initiatives help align social benefits and business opportunities, ultimately accelerat

36、ing the flow of private investment into infrastructure projects.3. Objective of the reportThis report introduces an innovative approach to public- private collaboration. Structured to facilitate interaction between governments, the private sector and MDBs, the approach helps to design solutions that

37、 will enable greater private-sector participation in national infrastructure projects and therefore enhance the development and financing of infrastructure.The report presents a standardized National Infrastructure Acceleration (NIA) Implementation Roadmap and describes a series of activities that a

38、re necessary to successfully initiate and execute the model at a country level. The Roadmap does not pretend to be the only approach for structuring a standardized public-private collaboration model. Nevertheless, it provides detailed guidance onhow to execute the steps needed to implement the NIA a

39、cceleration approach, specifies how to select keystakeholders and create national working groups, describes methods to ensure a host governments executive and management engagement throughout the process and develops indicators to help track progress against Roadmap milestones.Leveraging the skills

40、and expertise of the World Economic Forum multistakeholder community, the report also draws on the insights gained from the Forums extensive previous work in areas related to asset recycling, mitigating political risk and developing local capital markets, among others.5The report serves as a bluepri

41、nt for policy-makers to introduce a sustainable approach for private collaboration across their jurisdictions. Other stakeholders will also benefit from the findings, as the NIA approach can be initiatedand driven by any type of stakeholder, including private companies, MDBs and non-governmental org

42、anizations.611Empowering Public-Private Collaboration in InfrastructureThe National Infrastructure Acceleration (NIA) approach1. NIA origins Indonesias need for a sustained country dialogueFor the past decade, the Forum has been shaping best practices and actionable frameworks in differentinfrastruc

43、ture-related areas. In December 2015, government and business leaders gathered in Jakarta in the context of the World Economic Forum initiative on Accelerating Capital Markets Development in Emerging Economies.7 At the end of the session, participants agreed that sustained public- private dialogue w

44、as still missing in Indonesia and that enhanced collaboration was essential to unlock the capital necessary to bridge the countrys enduring infrastructure gap.Following on this mandate, the Business Working Group (BWG) was designed. It is a platform for global and local business leaders to formulate

45、 actionable recommendations, with the goal of increasing private-sector involvement in infrastructure development in Indonesia. For more than a year, a group including government agencies and private- sector organizations worked on defining and implementing an action plan to fast-track the delivery

46、of Indonesias infrastructure projects (Box 1). Consequently, the Indonesia BWG became the first group to develop and implement the NIA approach, followed by Brazil, Argentina, India and Viet Nam.2. The approachNational Infrastructure Acceleration (NIA) is a multistakeholder, country-focused approach

47、 incorporating inputs from the private sector in concrete initiatives that help accelerate infrastructure financing and development.To achieve its aim, the initiative convenes national working groups (WGs), recognized, endorsed and led by the governments concerned. The WGs are designed to enhance co

48、llaboration between public and private entities by encouraging information sharing and providing a space to address policy and regulatory issues. WGs are results- oriented and tasked to identify actionable solutions to facilitate infrastructure development and financing.This collaborative approach s

49、eeks to achieve tangible progress in a relatively short time frame (12 months), ultimately leading to accelerating the project financing and delivery process in each country.NIA has been applied and tested over a period of almost three years in a diverse group of countries, including Argentina, Brazil, India, Indonesia and Viet Nam.Representing different stages of development, at both the