1、本科毕业论文(设计)外文翻译外文出处JOURNALOFEUROPEANINDUSTRIALTRAININGVOLUME27200309P473480外文作者DAVIDROBOTHAM原文LEARNINGANDTRAININGDEVELOPINGTHECOMPETENTLEARNERIMPROVINGLEARNINGDURINGTRAININGTHEIMPROVEMENTOFLEARNINGINTHECONTEXTOFTRAININGISANOBJECTIVEWHICHOFTENAPPEARSTOBEOFSECONDARYIMPORTANCEINDEEDONECOULDREASONABLYARG
2、UETHATLEARNINGITSELFAPPEARSTOWARRANTLITTLEINTERESTINTHEMAJORITYOFTRAININGPROGRAMMESTHISVIEWISSUPPORTEDBYANTONACOPOULOU1999WHO,FROMANEXTENSIVEREVIEWOFTHEREVIEWOFTHEMANAGEMENTDEVELOPMENTLITERATURE,CONCLUDEDTHATACENTRALPRIORITYOFMANAGEMENTDEVELOPMENTISTHEIMPROVEMENTOFORGANISATIONALCOMPETITIVENESS,PRODU
3、CTIVITY,ANDULTIMATELYEFFICIENCYTHESEDEFINITIONSOFTENNEGLECTTHATANINTEGRALPARTOFTHEDEVELOPMENTPROCESSISLEARNINGEVENWHENREFERENCEISMADETOLEARNINGTHEREISHARDLYANYINDICATIONTHATTHEREISFLEXIBILITYANDTHATINDIVIDUALDIFFERENCESINLEARNINGSTYLESARETAKENINTOACCOUNTANTONACOPOULOU,1999,P16THISLACKOFFOCUSONTHEIMP
4、ORTANCEOFLEARNINGMAYBEDUEINPARTTOTHEATTITUDESOFEMPLOYEES,WHOREGARDTRAININGASSIMPLYAMEANSFORIMPROVINGJOBPROSPECTSRIGG,1989THEORGANISATIONMAYALSOMITIGATEAGAINSTLEARNINGBEINGSEENASIMPORTANTDURINGTRAININGTHROUGHAFAILURETOPROVIDEANAPPROPRIATEINFRASTRUCTURETOSUPPORTLEARNINGAFTERTRAININGHASTAKENPLACEANTONA
5、COPOULOU,2001ITISALSODUEINPARTTOTHEHISTORICALDISTINCTIONTHATISMADEBETWEENEDUCATION,TRAINING,DEVELOPMENTANDLEARNINGTHEYARETYPICALLYPRESENTEDASBEINGSEPARATEACTIVITIESTHISDISTINCTIONISINSOMEWAYSARTIFICIALANDNOTONETHATSITSWELLWITHCONTEMPORARYTHINKINGABOUTLEARNINGITISPERHAPSMOREAPPROPRIATETOADOPTTHEVIEWP
6、UTFORWARDBYGARAVAN1997,P47WHOARGUESTHATINCREASINGANINDIVIDUALSCAPACITYTOLEARNANDTHEIRINVOLVEMENTINTHEPROCESSOFLEARNINGSHOULDBEAPRIMARYCONCERNAFOCUSONLEARNINGINANORGANIZATIONALCONTEXT,RATHERTHANSEPARATEACTIVITIESOFTRAINING,DEVELOPMENTANDEDUCATION,SEEMBESTTOFACILITATETHISPROCESSFROMTHISVIEWPOINTIMPROV
7、EMENTINLEARNINGBECOMESOFPRIMARYIMPORTANCEAVIEWTHATISSUPPORTEDBYBERGEETAL2002WHOARGUETHATINLEARNINGTHEFOCUSISONTHEEMPLOYEETHEPERSONDOINGTHELEARNINGWHEREASINTRAININGTHEFOCUSISONTHETRAINERHOWEVER,ITISUNCLEARWHETHERITISPOSSIBLETOIMPROVETHEABILITYOFANINDIVIDUALTOLEARNTHISISAPPARENTBECAUSEITISNOTCLEARWHET
8、HERIMPROVEMENTINLEARNINGREFERSTOIMPROVINGCONSTITUENTPROCESSELEMENTSOFTHEOVERALLLEARNINGPROCESS,SUCHASSTUDYSKILLS,ORANIMPROVEMENTINTHEOUTCOMEOFLEARNINGTHISISANIMPORTANTDISTINCTIONASATTAININGEFFECTIVENESSINLEARNINGREQUIRESACONSIDERATIONOFBOTHTHELEARNINGPROCESSANDTHEPRODUCTOFLEARNINGFORASHARRIAUGSTEINA
9、NDTHOMAS1991,P48POINTOUTTHINKINGABOUTLEARNINGASRESULTSORPRODUCTSISVERYDIFFERENTFROMCONSIDERINGLEARNINGASAPROCESSPERSONALKNOWLEDGEISAPRODUCTOFLEARNINGKNOWINGHOWYOUCAMETOACQUIRESUCHKNOWLEDGEISAWARENESSOFLEARNINGASAPROCESSTHEQUESTIONHOWDOYOULEARNDEMANDSQUITEDIFFERENTANSWERSFROMTHEQUESTIONWHATHAVEYOULEA
10、RNEDITWOULDSEEMLOGICALTOASSUMETHATIMPROVINGTHERELATIVEEFFICIENCYANDEFFECTIVENESSOFLEARNINGSUBPROCESSESWOULDIMPROVETHEOUTCOMEOFTRAINING,BUTTHISDOESNOTNECESSARILYFOLLOWFOREXAMPLE,ANINDIVIDUALCOULDBECOMEHIGHLYPROFICIENTATNOTETAKINGANDYETNOTNECESSARILYACHIEVEGREATERUNDERSTANDINGOFTHETOPICONWHICHTHEYWERE
11、TAKINGNOTESWHILETHEYMAYBEMOREADEPTATTHEMECHANICALPROCESSOFNOTETAKING,THISDOESNOTMEANTHEYAREABLETODECIDEWHATTOTAKENOTESONCLOETEANDSHOCHET,1986THISISBECAUSEEFFECTIVELEARNINGREQUIRESTHEINTEGRATIONBYTHELEARNEROFARANGEOFLEARNINGPROCESSELEMENTS,RATHERTHANENHANCEDABILITYATANYSINGLEELEMENTOFLEARNINGNISBETAN
12、DSHUCKSMITH,1986THISHASNOTPREVENTEDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFARANGEOFSTUDYSKILLSCOURSESASANATTEMPTTOIMPROVETHEEFFECTIVENESSOFLEARNINGHOWEVER,THEEFFECTIVENESSOFSUCHCOURSESISATBESTQUESTIONABLEINAREVIEWOFSTUDYSKILLPROGRAMMES,WEINSTEINANDUNDERWOOD1985CONCLUDEDTHEREISNOCONSISTENTDEFINITIONASTOEXACTLYWHATSTUDYSKILL
13、SAREMOSTOFTHESOCALLEDGOODSTUDYSKILLSPRACTICESHAVENOTBEENEMPIRICALLYVALIDATEDNODIAGNOSTICINSTRUMENTOFSTUDYSKILLREQUIREMENTSHASBEENVALIDATEDANDMOSTOFTHEINSTRUMENTSUSEDTOASSESSSTUDYSKILLSCANBEREADILYFAKEDBYSTUDENTSMAIN1980INASIMILARREVIEWFOUNDMORETHAN80PERCENTOFSTUDYSKILLSCOURSESREVOLVEDALMOSTWHOLLYARO
14、UNDMEMORYSKILLSTHISWOULDINDICATETHATSTUDYSKILLSPROGRAMMESADOPTTOONARROWAFOCUSASAMEANSFORIMPROVINGLEARNINGIMPROVINGLEARNINGREQUIRESTHEADOPTIONOFABROADERFOCUSTHATCONSIDERSLEARNINGHOWTOLEARNINANEDUCATIONALCONTEXT,IMPROVEMENTINLEARNINGISAPROCESSTHESYSTEMASSUMESISOCCURRINGNATURALLYASINDIVIDUALSPROGRESSTH
15、ROUGHTHEFORMALEDUCATIONSYSTEMINATRAININGANDDEVELOPMENTCONTEXT,ITISLIKELYTHATINDIVIDUALSMAYNEEDTOLEARNHOWTOLEARNTHEREISANEEDTODEVELOPTHESUBJECTKNOWLEDGEIDENTIFIEDASBEINGNECESSARYFORTHATCOURSE,ANDANASSOCIATEDANDCOMPLEMENTARYNEEDTODEVELOPKNOWLEDGEOFHOWONELEARNSESSENTIALTOTHISPROCESSOFLEARNINGTOLEARNIST
16、HEDEVELOPMENTOFMETACOGNITION,WHEREINDIVIDUALSAREABLETOMETAPHORICALLYSTANDBACKANDOBSERVETHEIRLEARNINGONLYBYDEVELOPINGININDIVIDUALSANAWARENESSOFHOWTHEYLEARN,CANLEARNINGBEIMPROVEDTHISVIEWISSUPPORTEDBYLEARNINGTHEORISTSWHOSUGGESTTHATLEARNERSSHOULDBEABLETOREFLECTONTHEIRLEARNINGKOLB,1976HONEYANDMUMFORD,199
17、2BRINGINGTOGETHERTHEISSUESPRESENTEDTHEISSUESDISCUSSEDINTHISSECTION,ITISAPPARENTTHATEFFECTIVENESSINLEARNINGCANBETAUGHTBYDEVELOPINGTASKSPECIFICKNOWLEDGEASASUPPORTFORFURTHERLEARNING,ENHANCINGAWARENESSOF,ANDSKILLIN,EMPLOYINGLEARNINGAPPROACHESAPPROPRIATETOPARTICULARLEARNINGTASKS,ANDSEEKINGTOMATCHCOURSERE
18、QUIREMENTSANDPERSONALGOALSALTHOUGHTHEREISARISKONEMAYRESTRICTLEARNINGCAPABILITYBYDEVELOPINGSPECIALISEDSTRATEGIESAPPLICABLETOALIMITEDRANGEOFPROBLEMSDANSEREAU,1985TOAVOIDTHISONENEEDSTOCONSIDERHOWINDIVIDUALSLEARNANDEXAMINETHEIRLEARNINGSTYLELEARNINGSTYLEINIMPROVINGLEARNINGONEAPPROACHTOACHIEVINGEFFECTIVEL
19、EARNING,ANDONETHATISWIDELYUSEDINTRAININGANDDEVELOPMENT,ISANAWARENESSANDAPPLICATIONOFKNOWLEDGEABOUTANINDIVIDUALSLEARNINGSTYLETHELEARNINGSTYLESOFINDIVIDUALSINATRAININGANDMANAGEMENTEDUCATIONENVIRONMENTSHOULDBEANIMPORTANTCONSIDERATIONFORTRAINERSBUCHANDBARTLEY,2002,NOTONLYINTHEDEVELOPMENTANDDESIGNOFANYPR
20、OGRAMME,BUTALSOINTHESUBSEQUENTDELIVERYOFTHATPROGRAMMESEEJACKSONS1995STUDYFOREXAMPLEANAWARENESSOFTHELEARNINGPREFERENCES,ORLEARNINGSTYLE,OFTRAINEESMAYFACILITATETHEDEVELOPMENTOFANAPPROPRIATEFRAMEWORKWITHINWHICHTRAININGSHOULDBECARRIEDOUTTOOPTIMISEEFFECTIVENESSITISUNCLEARHOWEVERWHETHERONCEHAVINGIDENTIFIE
21、DANINDIVIDUALSLEARNINGSTYLE,ITISTHENMOREEFFECTIVETOMATCHTHETRAININGSTYLEUSEDTOTHATPARTICULARLEARNINGSTYLE,ORTOAIMFORADELIBERATEMISMATCHBETWEENTRAININGSTYLEANDLEARNINGSTYLEHAYESANDALLINSON,1996BYSELECTINGANAPPROACHTOTRAININGTHATITISKNOWNWILLNOTBEREADILYACCESSIBLEANDAMENABLETOANINDIVIDUALSPREFERREDLEA
22、RNINGSTYLE,ITCOULDBEARGUEDTHATTHELEARNERWILLBEFORCEDTOINCREASETHEIRLEARNINGVERSATILITYTHROUGHTHEREQUIREDUSEOFUNFAMILIARLEARNINGAPPROACHESALTHOUGHTHEREISADANGERTHATINSUCHASITUATION,WHERETHEREISLACKOFCONGRUENCYBETWEENTHEPREFERREDLEARNINGSTYLESOFINDIVIDUALSANDTHEAPPROACHADOPTEDBYTHETRAINER,THETRAINEEMA
23、YCHOOSETOMENTALLYOPTOUTOFTHEPROGRAMME,WHILESTILLPHYSICALLYATTENDINGTHISPOSSIBILITYMUSTBECOUNTEREDWITHTHERECOGNITIONTHATTOCONTINUALLYDIRECTTRAININGACTIVITIESTOASINGLELEARNINGSTYLE,MAYPROMOTETHEADOPTIONOFANARROWLEARNINGFOCUSWITHINAPARTICULARINDIVIDUALROBOTHAM,1995ATAMOREFUNDAMENTALLEVEL,ITISQUESTIONAB
24、LEHOWEVERWHETHERTHESTYLEAPPROACHTOLEARNING,IESLOTTINGPEOPLEINTOPREORDAINEDCATEGORIES,ISACTUALLYAPPROPRIATEWHILSTTHISLEARNINGSTEREOTYPINGWILLSUBSEQUENTLYALLOWADEGREEOFTAILORINGOFPROGRAMMESTOMEETTHENEEDSOFSMALLGROUPSWITHINALARGEGROUP,THEREISANINHERENTDANGERINENCOURAGINGINDIVIDUALSTOADOPTAPARTICULARLEA
25、RNINGSTYLE,INTHEBELIEFTHATITCONSTITUTESA“GOOD”STYLEINDIVIDUALSMAYBECOMEINTELLECTUALLYSHORTSIGHTEDANDTENDTOAVOID,EITHERCONSCIOUSLYORSUBCONSCIOUSLY,LEARNINGSITUATIONSTHATDONOTFALLWITHINTHEIRPERSONALLEARNINGRANGEINADDITIONTOTHISCRITICISM,ITISARGUABLETHATATRULYPROFICIENTLEARNERISNOTSOMEONEWHODEMONSTRATE
26、SCAPABILITYWITHINANARROWBANDOFACTIVITIES,ASDEFINEDBYAPARTICULARLEARNINGSTYLE,BUTRATHERSOMEONEWHODEMONSTRATESTHEABILITYTOSELECTANAPPROPRIATELEARNINGSTYLEFROMARANGEOFSTYLES,ACCORDINGTOTHEDEMANDSOFTHESITUATION,ANDTHEIRLEARNINGCAPABILITYTHISWILLBEPARTICULARLYTRUEINAWORKENVIRONMENT,WHERETHEINHERENTFLEXIB
27、ILITYTOBEABLETORESPONDTOTHESPECIFICNEEDSOFDIFFERENTSITUATIONS,ISCLEARLYADESIRABLEPERSONALATTRIBUTETHISWOULDSEEMTOSUGGESTTHATTOFOCUSONLYONLEARNINGSTYLESASABASISFORMAXIMISINGLEARNINGISRATHERTOOLIMITEDANALTERNATIVESOLUTIONCOULDBETOAIMTODEVELOPTHECOMPETENTLEARNERBYSEEKINGTODEVELOPININDIVIDUALSABROADERRA
28、NGEOFLEARNINGABILITIESORCOMPETENCIESCONCLUSIONTHEAIMHEREHASBEENTODEMONSTRATEHOWITISPOSSIBLETOENHANCETHEEFFECTIVENESSOFTRAININGTHROUGHAMALGAMATINGTHEORETICALPROPOSITIONSFROMTWOAREASOFTHINKINGLEARNINGTHEORYANDTHECOMPETENCEMOVEMENTITHASBEENARGUEDTHATUNDERLYINGANYTRAININGCOURSESHOULDBEACONSIDERATIONOFTH
29、ELEARNINGABILITYOFTHOSEBEINGTRAINEDBYSEEKINGTOENHANCETHELEARNINGCOMPETENCEOFTRAINEESASACENTRALCOMPONENTOFANYCOURSE,ONEWILLBEIMPROVINGTHELIKELIHOODOFATTAININGDEFINEDLEARNINGOUTCOMESHOWEVER,ENHANCINGANINDIVIDUALSLEARNINGCOMPETENCEDOESNOTREFERTOSIMPLYPROVIDINGSTUDYSKILLSSUCHASNOTETAKINGITALSOINVOLVESMO
30、RETHANIDENTIFYINGANINDIVIDUALSLEARNINGSTYLECOMPETENCEINLEARNINGISCONCERNEDWITHDEEPER,UNDERLYINGFACTORSSUCHASANAWARENESSOFHOWONELEARNS,ANDTHEABILITYTOINTEGRATEEXISTINGKNOWLEDGEWITHNEWKNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGEABOUTANINDIVIDUALSLEARNINGSTYLEAPPEARSTOOFFERAMEANSFORENHANCINGLEARNING,BUTITSUSEFULNESSISATBESTLIMI
31、TEDLEARNINGSTYLEISONLYACONSTITUENTELEMENTOFTHETOTALITYOFLEARNINGANDHASBEENWIDELYCRITICISEDWHILSTANAWARENESSOFONESLEARNINGSTYLEMAYBEBENEFICIALINPROMOTINGEFFECTIVELEARNING,ITISONLYPARTOFTHEPROCESSINSEEKINGTODEVELOPACOMPETENTLEARNERACOMPETENTLEARNERISCONSCIOUSLYAWAREOFTHEIRLEARNINGPROCESSESANDSEEKSTOAD
32、APTTHATPROCESSTOTHEPERCEIVEDREQUIREMENTSOFAPARTICULARLEARNINGTASKTHECHALLENGEFORTRAINERSLIESINFIRSTLYBECOMINGMOREAWAREOFTHEIROWNLEARNINGANDDEVELOPINGAGREATERUNDERSTANDINGOFHOWINDIVIDUALSLEARNTHROUGHSUCHINTROSPECTIONTRAINERSWILLTHENBEINAMOREFAVOURABLEPOSITIONFORDEVELOPINGCOMPETENTLEARNERSANDSOENHANCE
33、THEEFFECTIVENESSOFTRAININGANDDEVELOPMENT外文出处JOURNALOFEUROPEANINDUSTRIALTRAININGVOLUME27200309P473480译文学习与培训开发有胜任力的学习者一、在训练中提高学习能力在培训中提高学习能力常常被认为是次要的目标。事实上,人们完全有理由认为在大多数的培训方案中对学习兴趣并不大。这一观点被ANTONACOPOULOU所支持(1999),根据管理层的发展文献并回顾广泛的审查,总结出了一个管理发展的中心是组织竞争力,生产力,并最终提高效率的重要性。这些定义往往忽视发展进程的一个组成部分,那就是学习。即使提到了学习
34、也几乎没有任何迹象表明,而且也没有把学习风格的个别差异考虑在内(ANTONACOPOULOU,1999年,第16页)。对学习不够重视一部分原因可能是由于员工的态度,他们把培训只是看做提高就业前景的工具。(里格,1989年)该组织也可通过在培训过程中不提供适当的基础设施来支持训练以减轻学习的重要性。(ANTONACOPOULOU,2001年)还有部分原因是由于在教育,培训,发展和学习中的历史差别。他们通常表现为单独的活动。这种区分在某些方面是人工的,而不是对学习的暂时性思考。这也许更适宜采用GARAVAN提出的观点,(1997年,第47页)他认为提高个人的学习能力,并且使他们融入到学习中去应该是
35、一个主要的关注点。一个在组织环境中,关注学习,而不仅仅是培训、发展和教育等独立的活动,似乎能最好地促进这一进程。从这个观点来看,在培训中提高学习成为最重要的关注点。这个观点由贝格等人的支持,他们认为在学习的过程中,重点是员工个人的学习,而在培训中则更着眼于培训员。不过,目前还不清楚是否有可能提高个人的学习能力。这很明显,因为它目前尚不清楚是否可以改善在学习过程中提高有关学习的有关方面能力,如学习技能,或者学习成果的改善。这是一个为达到学习效果的重要区别,需要将学习过程和学习产品都考虑在内。正如哈里曼和托马斯(1991年,第48页)指出不同的学习过程会产生很大区别的学习成果。个人知识是学习的产物
36、。了解你是如何获得这种知识要认识到学习是一个过程。关于你是怎么了解学习需求这个问题可以得到完全不同的答案。提高学习效率和相应的子过程效果将提高培训效果,这似乎是合乎逻辑的假设,但是这并不一定完全合理。例如,一个人可以非常精通记笔记,但并不一定在更大的话题上取得成绩,他们只是理解如何做笔记。虽然他们可能在记笔记更擅长机械加工,这并不意味着他们能够决定如何采取有效措施。(克卢蒂和SHOCHET,1986)。这是因为有效的学习需要学习者整合一个学习的过程范围的元素,而不是学习的单个元素的能力的增强。(尼斯贝特和SHUCKSMITH,1986)这并没有阻止提高学习成效的这样一种尝试。然而,在技能的学习
37、方案,这类课程的有效性充其量是值得商榷的。这是温斯坦和安德伍德审查(1985年)的结论关于学习技能到底是什么没有确切的一致的定义,所谓的最良好的学习能力没有得到实践的验证,学习的诊断仪器技能要求没有得到证实,以及用于评估学习技巧的手段最容易被学生伪造。在一个类似的审查中MAIN(1980年)发现,超过八成的学习技巧课程几乎都是围绕记忆力。这表明通过学习技巧课程的手段来提高学习过于狭窄。改善学习需要一个更广泛的焦点,需要关注如何学习。在教育方面,通过正规教育体系使学习提高被看做是一个过程来促进个人进步。在培训和发展方面,很可能是个人可能需要明白应如何学习。有必要制定这个过程中这方面的知识,以及相
38、关的和补充的需要来制定一个关于如何学习的知识。这种学习基本的学习过程是元认知。只有使他们明白是如何学习,才可能使他们的学习得到改善。这种观点由学习理论家(科尔布,1976年)所支持。整合本节所讨论所提出的问题可以发现,很明显,学习的成效也可以通过教育来提高,作为具体知识的学习,通过提高认识和技巧,运用适合于特定的学习任务的学习方法,并寻求符合课程要求和个人的目标。虽然是有风险的,但是可以通过制定适用于学习的问题的专门的战略把问题控制在有限范围内。(DANSEREAU,1985)为了避免这种情况需要考虑个人如何学习和检查他们的学习方式。二、改善学习中的学习风格实现有效的学习的一个办法,并被广泛使
39、用于培训开发中的一个办法,是认识和了解个人的学习风格的知识的应用。学习风格在一个培训和管理教育环境个体应为培训人员高度重视(BUCH和巴特利,2002),不仅在开发中,而且在任何方案的设计中,都要考虑这样的因素(见杰克逊的,例如1995年的研究)。学习偏好,学习风格或学员认识的提高,可能有利于一个适当的框架,应进行培训以优化发展的成效。目前还不清楚首先确定一个人的学习风格,然后更有效地匹配培训风格,或瞄准的培训方式和学习风格之间的不匹配之处以做出改善(海耶斯和阿林森,1996年)。通过选择培训方式,学员可能将被迫使用不熟悉的学习方法。虽然有一定的危险,但是在这种情况下,学员采用的自己所喜欢的学
40、习风格和培训员所采用的方法会缺乏一致性,学员可以选择退出该计划,同时仍实际参加培训。这样很有可能遭到反击,认识到以一个单一的学习方式直接参加培训活动,可以促进一个特定的个人接受狭窄的学习重点。(ROBOTHAM,1995年)从更基本的层面上看,这种风格是否适合学习方式是值得怀疑的,例如将预定的人安排到相关位置上,实际上是适当的。虽然这个学习定型满足大型集团内的小群体的需求,有一个特定的学习方式,但这种学习风格构成了潜在危险。个人可以成为智力短视,往往有意无意地回避,学习情况不属于其个人的学习范围。除了这个批评,还有的争议是,一个真正精通学习者不是有人在演示活动,而是一个人演示能力,选择合适的学
41、习方式,根据形势的要求,以提高他们的学习能力。特别是在工作环境中,这有着固有的灵活性,以便能够应对具体的不同情况。这似乎表明,把重点放在学习,使一种学习的基础风格实现最大化。另一种解决办法是旨在发展中寻求个人发展的学习能力或能力范围更广的有胜任力的学习者。三、结论本文的目的是要证明它是如何通过合并两方面的思想理论命题来增强培训效果,这两方面是指学习理论和运动能力。有人认为,任何培训课程基础应该是对那些考虑学员的学习能力的。通过寻求加强学员学习能力的任何课程,可以达到提高学习成果的可能性。然而,提高个人的学习能力不是指简单地提供诸如记笔记的学习技巧。它还涉及比如识别一个人的学习风格。这与学习能力
42、等相关因素有关,如一个关于如何学习的认识,并能够整合现有的知识与新知识。关于个人的学习风格作为加强学习的一种手段,它只是一个学习的整体的组成部分,并已受到广泛的批评。虽然一个人对学习风格的认识,可促进有效的学习,但是它只是在寻求发展的有胜任力的学习者这个过程的一部分。一个称职的学习者有意识地了解他们的学习过程,并寻求适应这一进程的一个特定的学习任务。对于培训的挑战在于首先越来越意识到自己的学习和发展个人如何学习更多的了解。通过这样的反省培训将在开发有胜任力的学习者更有利的位置,因此必须加强培训开发效果。外文出处JOURNALOFEUROPEANINDUSTRIALTRAININGVOLUME27200309P473480
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