硕士学位论文：我国人民陪审员制度的不足及对策研究.doc

1、硕士学位论文（20 届）我国人民陪审员制度的不足及对策研究姓 名学 科 、 专 业 法 律 硕 士 （ 全 日 制 法 律 硕 士 ）研 究 方 向 法 学 理 论指 导 教 师论文提交日期（硕士论文摘要）陪审制度是指非法律职业人士直接参与司法审判的一种审判制度。现代意义上的陪审制度最早产生于英国，发展到今天，以美国的陪审制度最为完善。在当今世界范围内，陪审制度主要可以分为英美法系国家如英国、美国的审判团制度及大陆法系国家如法国、德国的参审制度两种。前者表现为陪审团与职业法官分工审判，法官负责适用法律，陪审团负责判断事实；后者的特点在于陪审员与法官在案件审理过程中享有同等的权利。我国人民陪审员

2、制度的产生，有其特殊的历史意义。伴随着我国法治建设的深入，陪审制度的政治意味逐渐淡化，制度本身的司法公正、司法民主等价值获得了越来越多的认可。然而也存在着诸如缺乏具体法律规范、人民陪审员不能有效参与审判等诸多弊端。在制度具体运作过程中也显示出，无论是在适用范围、选任标准、参审方式还是在具体审判过程方面，人民陪审员制度都存在着大量问题，社会实施效果不尽如人意，社会认同严重不足。但不可否认，陪审制度的存在符合人民群众日益增长的司法需求，能够在相当程度上体现司法民主和司法公正，普及法治思想及增强公民的社会责任感。我国当前人民陪审员制度的发展正处于一个瓶颈阶段，如何找到一条适合中国国情的陪审之路，使人

3、民陪审员制度走上规范化、科学化的道路，如何重新定位好人民陪审员制度的核心价值及基本功能,是当前人民陪审员制度改革的关键之处。本文试图探讨上述问题，结合我国现阶段人民陪审员制度的发展状况与西方国家具有代表性陪审制的发展经验，在分析我国人民陪审员制度缺陷及其产生原因的基础上，进一步提出使人民陪审员制度走上规范化、科学化的改革建议。全文分为四个部分及结语。第一章，在概述陪审制度的基本概念和历史沿革的基础上，论述我国人民陪审员制度的政治价值以及探讨的必要性。第二章，介绍西方国家陪审制度的产生和发展情况以及两大法系代表性国家陪审制的主要特点。第三章，分析我国人民陪审员制度在当前运行过程中的出现的不足之处

4、及其产生的主要原因。第四章，在上述分析的基础上，提出对人民陪审员制度改革的具体建议，包括在思想认识上，法律位阶上以及在陪审制度设计层面上的全面改革。关键词：陪审制度 人民陪审员制度 司法民主 司法公正 The deficiency and countermeasure research of the peoples assessor system in China（Abstract of Masters thesis）The jury system is one kind of judicial system which refers to the non-professionals dire

5、ctly involved in the trial. The jury system which in the mordern sense was firsr born in the UK, develop to today, is most perfect in the US. In todays world, the jury system can be mainly divided into the common law countries such as Britain and the United States system and the civil law countries

6、such as France and Germany, two of the Senate trial system. The former performance divides the work in trial for the jury and professional judge, the judge is responsible for applying the law, and the jury is responsible to judge the facts; the latter is characterized by jurors and judges have equal

7、 rights in the trial process.The production of the system of peoples assessor in our country has its sprcial historic importance. Along with the deepening of the rule of law in China, the jury system has been gradually reduced its political meaning, the value of the system such as justice,democracy

8、and so on have been obtained more and more approvals. However, there are also many other defects such as the lack of specific legal norms, and the people can not effectively participate in the trial jurors. In the course of the specific operation of the system also shows that, whether in the scope o

9、f application, criteria for selection, the way of the participation, or reference to the specific aspects of the trial process, the peoples assessor system still have a large number of problems, the results are not satisfactory the society, and the social recognition is serious inadequate. But it is

10、 undeniable that the existence of the jury system meets the judicial demand which people grow day by day, and can manifest the judicial democracy and the judicial fairness, universal rule of law and strengthen the social responsibility of citizens. Now Chinas current development of the peoples jury

11、system is in a bottleneck stage, how to find one to suit the Chinese national condition road of the assist in trying a case, causes the system of peoples assessors to step onto standardized, the scientific path, how to re-position the people of the core values of jury system and basic functions of t

12、he peoples jury system is the crux of the reform. This article attempts to discuss these issues, combined with the peoples jury system in our country at the present stage of development with the western countries have a representative jury system development experience in the analysis of the peoples

13、 jury system and cause defects on the basis of further so that the Peoples Jury Members of the system of standardized and scientific recommendations for change.The full text is divided into four parts. The first chapter, an overview of the jury system in the basic concepts and history, and elaborate

14、s our country system of peoples assessorss political value as well as the need to explore.The second chapter, introduces the Western country jury systems production and the state of play as well as two big legal system representative country jury systems main feature.The third chapter,analysis of th

15、e peoples jury system is currently running in the process of the emergence of the inadequacies and its the main reason.The fourth chapter, in the above analysiss foundation, proposes to the system of peoples assessors reform concrete proposal, including in ideological recognition, on legal position

16、step as well as in jury system design stratification plane full-scale reform. Keywords: jury system system of peoples assessors judicial democracy judicial fairness目 录第一章 我国人民陪审员制度的历史实践及其政治法律价值第一节 陪审制度概述一、关于陪审制度的几个基本概念二、陪审制度的历史渊源第二节 我国人民陪审员制度的产生和发展一、新中国成立前人民陪审员制度的产生与发展二、建国后至改革开放前人民陪审员制度的发展三、改革开放前人民陪

17、审员制度的发展三 人民陪审员制度的民主政治价值和法律价值一、司法民主价值二、司法公正价值三、传播法治精神和培养公民社会责任感的价值第二章 西方国家陪审制度的历史和经验第一节 英美法系国家陪审制度的形成及发展一、英国陪审制度的历史实践二、美国陪审制度的发展历程三、英美陪审团制度的主要差别第二节 美国陪审团制度的特点一、陪审团成员的遴选二、陪审团的运作规则第三节 大陆法系国家陪审制度的历史实践一、法国陪审制度的发展历史二、德国陪审制度的产生与发展第四节 德国参审制的特点一、参审员资格二、参审员的组成三、参审员的权限和义务第五节 两大法系陪审制度的比较一、产生的时代背景不同二、诉讼形式不同三、设立的

18、目的有所不同第三章 我国人民陪审员制度的不足及其产生的原因第一节 人民陪审员制度的不足一、缺乏宪法规范，制度保障不够二、陪审工作不受重视，发展不均衡三、 决定规定不够完善，难以体现出人民陪审员制度的价值四、人民陪审员制度在农村的发展形势不容乐观五、陪审待遇不高，人民陪审员缺乏工作热情六、人民陪审员制度的社会认同程度低下七、人民陪审员制度的理念并未贯穿到诉讼过程中第二节 导致人民陪审员制度不足的原因一、受传统文化糟粕的影响，人们法治观念淡薄二、思想认识不够，忽视人民陪审员制度的重大价值三、我国司法传统对人民陪审员制度的发展有所限制第三节 国内有关人民陪审员制度存废的争论一、引进陪审团说二、废除说三、保留改革说第四章 人民陪审员制度的改革建议第一节 在思想认识上，进一步重视人民陪审员制度第二节 在法律位阶上，恢复人民陪审员制度的宪法地位第三节 在技术层面上，制定人民陪审法 ，完善人民陪审员制度的制度设计一、保证人民陪审员代表的广泛性二、维护人民陪审员独立行使职权三、明确人民陪审员的职责定位四、提高人民陪审员履行职责的能力