研究生英语系列教程多维教程探索课后练习答案完整版.doc

1、Unit OneKeyComprehensionA1. D2. It contrasts the attitudes of the French and the English-speaking people toward keeping their mother tongue “pure.“3. The author does not appreciate the French attitude. He believes that they have gone to the extreme, because he says that the mind boggles at what the

2、world might face. “That means the French are so sensitive that it is difficult to imagine what they will do to keep French pure in the future.4. B5. It refers to the differences between British and American English with regard to pronunciation and spelling of English. The author seems to agree with

3、the Americans viewpoint.6. C7. The Kings English refers to English in its most proper and formal use. However, as it is used in foreign places, it is often used improperly. Here “lingo“ mocks the formality of English that no longer exists in these foreign Usages8. Foreign varieties of English are ve

4、ry different from the original standard British English, sometimes they are barely recognizable.9. B10. The author thinks that communication is more important than the purification of the English language.B1. fast delivery (of the product)/rapid killing (of the customer)2. Please hang your own coat

5、and hat here/die by hanging yourself3. “revolutionary“ ideas are being sold/disgusting new ideas are being sold4. best bakers/idle, lazy persons5. the latest rnethod/a Christian denomination6. a doctor for womens diseases/regard women as a disease or womanizer (vulgar meaning)7. press the button of

6、the lift to move it/inefficiency of the lift8. how to get service/open the door and call out the words “Room service”. (rude)9. in an European atmosphere/a car that rushes a person to the hospital10. serve the best wine/our wine is very bad; hopeless11. from 12 14 oclock chamber maids are not busy/t

7、reat chambermaids unfairly (with possible sexual meaning)12. the pictures were painted in the last ten years/the painters were put to death13. leave your laundry/be naked or take off your clothes14. dancing is going on/very vulgar language (a reference to male sex organs)15. moral requirement for wh

8、o can share the same room/implies that men and women must marry in order to live togetherVocabulary and StructureA1-b 2-d 3-f4j 5I 6-hB1. sensitive 2. list 3. prevalent4. deficiency 5. withheld 6. certainty7. functional 8. confronte 9. courtesy10. spared 11. stroke 12. ambitious13. purified 14. high

9、lights 15. noveltyC1. A. sensitive B. sense C. sensitivity2. A. compulsory B. compulsion C. compulsory3. A. Lease B. lease C. leasing4. A. deviate B. deviantly C. deviation5. A. prevalence B. prevalent C. prevalent6. A. deficient B. deficiency C.deficient7. A. extracts B. extracting C. extracted8. A

10、, confronted B. confrontation C. confronted9. A, spare B. spare C. spare10. A. stroke B. stroking C. strokeD1. C. make alternative 2. B. of taking advantage3. C. of a head injury 4. D. remains5. A. accepted 6. A. as much energy as7. C. would end up 8. C. has been9. B. or 10. D. with whichE1. languag

11、e 2. associates 3. in-laws 4. total5. responds 6. swell 7. Hardly 8. lives9. dreams 10. aloud 11. ourselves 12. so13. distinguishes 14. humanity 15. makes 16. expressed17. source 18. newborn 19. act 20. traditionSpeaking(Open)103fTranslation and Writing在过去，当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原材料资源时，他们通常与跟他

12、们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。遇到这种情况时，他们一般采取以下三种方法之一来对付，吕口：(1)外来人学习说当地主人的语言(或反之) ，(2)他们使用当地作为贸易用的第三种语言，或(3)产生一种新的语言这种语言是由使用者的不同母语的一些成分合成的。在说不同语言的人群中用来作为他们共同的交际工具的语言叫混合语(交际语) 。这个名称是由在地中海地区使用的中世纪时的贸易语言派生而来的。这种贸易语言主要基于日耳曼语(意大利语、法语和西班牙语 )，但也包括了一些希腊语、阿拉伯语和土耳其语的成分。在当今世界，将英语称为最主要的交际语是合适的，因为英语是大部分说不同语言的人的交际工具。B1. One t

13、heory refers to the sensitivity to the target language as being one of the most important factors in language learning.2. In order to help students in their study of English, the library has decided to lease the original editions of English films.3. On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices,

14、 other shops, big or small, will come up with more discount notices.4. When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in society, they will gradually become accepted by the public.5. The closing of the company was not caused by a shortage of capital but by management deficiency.6. Adv

15、ertisements usually highlight the product or service they advertise to attract customers.7. It is argued that we should withhold the speed of language change; otherwise we may have to learn a new language every twenty years.8. I feel gratitude / I am grateful to him because every time I encountered

16、difficulties in my study he would help me.9. It will take great pains to improve/change the financial situation of the factory.10.Those who advocate the purification of a language protect the language for thesake of their culture.Reading Practice1.F 2.T 3. F 4.T5.T 6.F 7. F 8.TUnit TwoKeyComprehensi

17、onA1. i People have different opinions about lies but they dont differ much in defining what truth is.ii Lying is usually regarded as evil but in reality many people lie. This is worthy of our attention.2. i Lies are intentionally told untruths/an unintentionally told untruth is not a lie.ii Almost

18、everyone lies.3. i All lies are evil and harmful so they should be avoided.ii Many lies are not evil but are necessary and beneficial to society.4. Open.(But according to the writer,) standards regarding when lies are ac- ceptable vary not only with individuals but aJso with different cultures.5. Th

19、e statement means that when one grows up, one may have the painful experience of realizing that other people may not hold the same opinion about honesty as one does. This is because the reality often runs counter to what is taught to children.6. 2) those that are told with intention to harm the list

20、ener or a third partyand to benefit the liar3) those that dont tell the whole truth (Some information may be leftunsaid.)4) those that are told with no intention of being kept5) those that are told to deceive oneself7. (Open)8. B9. Because it prevents one from realizing ones shortcomings and improvi

21、ng oneself.10. Different cultures may have different standards regarding when lies are acceptable. (e.g. People in some cultures feel it is more important not to hurt others than to tell the truth). It may be hard to change these culturally based beliefs.B1. People cannot make sound judgement about

22、.because we have not told them the truth. We should try to avoid lying because in a society where lying is common, trust becomes impossible, and without trust, cooperation cannot exist.2. Your parents and your culture may teach you that liars will suffer, but in reality you find that they often dont

23、, (This is what ones moral beliefs are compared with.)This realizati&n may make you take a skeptical attitude towards your moral beliefs. “It“ refers to “the realization“ and “them“ refers to “moral beliefs.“ Because they dont appear to be true.3. Many of the lies are told within government circles.

24、 For example, a person may lie to the government, or a government official may lie to the public, which falls into the category of“little white lie“. Here, the author is critical of the government because he thinks one persons“little white lie“is another persons “dirty lie“4. In the United States, p

25、eople do not often tell all the truth in their income tax reports, which is considered an unquestionable lie by the government. Because people feel the government already takes too much of their earnigns.5. Some advertisers and politicians often make false promises, which ruin the reputation of othe

26、r advertisers and politicians. It is implied here that some false promises are fairly harmless, but others are taken more seriously and can hurt the listener/receiver.6. We have to be realistic about our dreams and ambitions on one hand and deceiving/tricking ourselves on the other. If we are not, w

27、e cant recognize the need for change, make the necessary changes, and achieve success.7. The author suggests that ifwe have not looked at our faults, we should honestly examine ourselves closely to see what we really are like. Be realistic.8. Ideas about lying vary from culture to culture. One cultu

28、re may have a high opinion of truth even if it hurts, while another culture may consider that other peoples feelings are more important.Vocabulary and StructureA1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C6. C 7. D 8. D 9. D 10. BB1. going through 2. goes with3. in response to 4. grew up5. be having an affair with/have

29、 had an affair with 6. turn a blind eye to7. hold . together 8. watching for9. in comparison 10. draw a line betweenC1. A. what is 2. A. than have3. D. it 4. D. ignored5. C. go 6. D. would he be7. C. objected to 8. C. though9. D. to say something 10. C. to his feetD1. to 2. than 3. expressing 4. alw

30、ays5. relief 6. But 7. persuaded 8. cracked9. accident 10. in turn 11. recalJ 12. the13. times 14. exchanged 15. uncovered 16. solution17. nor 18. others 19. mind 20. leaveSpeaking(Open)Translation and WritingA那些常常说谎又没有充足理由的人被称为病态说谎者。他们会对任何事情说谎。他们似乎无法控制说谎的；中动。对这些人的研究表明，他们中很多人小时候受过虐待或者来自有酗酒或有精神病家属史的家

31、庭；也有不少人在他们生长的家庭里，真话得不到尊重，没有人说真话。他们似乎比常人更加强烈地需要得到别人的爱不口别人的尊重。但事实上，他们中并非每个人都无法控制自己说谎的欲望。没人能说清为什么有些人能克制说谎而有些入却无法克制说谎。病态的说谎者往往没有亲近的或长期维持的私人关系。他们非常谨慎，通常不介绍自己的熟人相互认识以免他们将听到的东西进行比较。* * * * * * * * * * * *通常，北美国家的父母告诫他们的孩子说谎是坏事，他们不应该说谎。如果说谎，他们应该感到内疚。在欧美文化中，对一个说谎孩子的传统惩罚是用肥皂清洗他的嘴巴。然而通过他们自己的行为，父母也会告诉孩子，在某些情况下，

32、大多数人确实也会说谎。因此孩子在这种双重教育下长大 他们偶尔也会说谎，但是他们会感到内疚，并且不想让别人知道他们已说了谎。B1. Different people have different opinions about whether lying is always bad and whether it should be avoided.2. The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with the skyscrapers of New York.3. The point at which people draw t

33、he line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie varies from individual to individual and from culture to culture.4. Mothers who spoil their children often turn a blind eye to the faults of their children.5. The country needs a leader who will hold the nation together when violence breaks out.6. A se

34、lfish man categorizes all people into two groups, those he likes and those he dislikes.7. She felt offended at my remarks, but it wasnt my intention to hurt her.8. It is wrong for teachers to stereotype naughty students.9. In some foreign countries, a person who intentionally leaves his job can find

35、 it easy to step aside for a while, supported by unemployment insurance and other benefits.10. She has gone through tremendous pain since her husband died.Reading Practice1.B 2. D 3.A 4. C 5. DUnit ThreeKeyComprehensionA1. E2. “The numbers“ means the relatively small number of people competing for a

36、 given job. The author thinks that due to the lower birth rate, there are less workers aVailabLe in the job market and therefore more job opportunities are available to young people today.3. They have a gloomy view of the present world.1) They have been exposed to murder and other types of violence

37、and some other negative events on TV.2) Many have been brought up in single-parent families and the emotional upheaval and conflict have had a negative effect on their value and self-worth.3) Many feel their chances of finding the job and salary they want are bleak4. They will spend more time with t

38、heir kids and care about them more.5. No. Because they want to save their money so that they can live better when they do leave.6. The parents attitude:loyalty and commitment to the workplaceslave away and show their dedication to the companyThe youths attitude:They dont want to wait around and pay

39、their dues when there is no long-term commitment from the top.There is life after work.They will often leave a job at the hint of a better position.7. Generation Xers watched their grandparents slave away only to receive a gold watch and pension upon retirement. Their parents dedication to the compa

40、ny has been repaid with downsizing and layoffs. They feel there is no such thing as job security. They dont want to commit themselves to their work when there is no long-term commitment from the top. There is more to life than work.8. They will have better family values, get things done quickly, sho

41、rten the workweek, and create systems that will allow “intrapreneurs.“9. No. Because technology will enable people to be more productive. In addition, Xers dislike of bureaucracy and a desire to solve problems will quickly improve productivity.10. He intends to tell us about Xers potential entrepren

42、eurship.11. D. Because Generation X has evolved in dramatically different ways from previous generations and may have dramatically different ways to improve society.B1. negative view of the worldless loyalty and commitmentkeep options openstay at home longereager to get noticedunrealistic and materi

43、alistic viewsgett/ng things done fastbetter family valuesshorter work weekgreater entrepreneurship2. Becoming successful socially and financially or moving into the upper social echelon.3. It is implied that their thirty years dedication to their company was not acknowledged and cherished. In fact,

44、they were dismissed without anything.4. Because they were neglected in their families and classrooms.5. Because they would like their world to be filled with good-looking people, dressed in the latest fashions, with lots of money and prestige, and who dont have to work too hard. They desire instant

45、gratification and expect a whole lot for nothing.6. “McJobs“ are poorly-paid entry level jobs which have no power. They are not the kind of iobs Xers would want.7. Be able to solve the problem themselves without dealing with bureaucracy.8. Because many of them have an independent, individualistic na

46、ture and Like to be left alone to solve problems.9. It means fostering innovation and being creative.10. If we listen to what Generation Xers will say, we may understand thern better, and also find they have some very beneficial things to offer.Vocabulary and StructureA1.B 2. C 3.A 4. D 5. B6. D 7. A 8.A 9.D 10. AB1. was referred to as 2. take on 3. w