1、外文题目COMPARATIVERESEARCHONCAPITALSTRUCTUREOFSINOUSINVESTMENTBANKS出处BANKOFQINGDAO,PRCHINA作者LIURUIBO,ZHAIYINJIA原文COMPARATIVERESEARCHONCAPITALSTRUCTUREOFSINOUSINVESTMENTBANKSAFTERMORETHAN20YEARSOFDEVELOPMENT,CHINASINVESTMENTBANKSHAVEDEMONSTRATEDSCALEECONOMYCHARACTERISTICSTENTATIVELY,ANDTHECONCENTRATIONR
2、ATIOOFCAPITALMARKETIMPROVESPROGRESSIVELYCOMPARINGTHECAPITALSTRUCTUREOFCHINASINVESTMENTBANKSWITHTHATOFTHEUSAS,WECANSEETHATTHESHAREHOLDERSEQUITYLIABILITIESRATIOOFOURINVESTMENTBANKSISMUCHHIGHERTHANTHEAMERICANINVESTMENTBANKSOFTHESAMEPERIOD,WHICHINDICATESTHATTHECAPITALSTRUCTUREOFCHINASINVESTMENTBANKSISST
3、ILLUNREASONABLE,ANDTHEIRFINANCINGABILITYISSTILLNOTSTRONGENOUGHTHEFUTUREREFORMISORIENTEDTOINCREASETHEFINANCINGCHANNELSOFINVESTMENTBANKSINCAPITALANDSECURITIESMARKET。ANDTOPROMOTETHEIRABILITYINASSETSMANAGEMENTANDRISKCONTROLLING1CAPITALACCUMULATIONCHINASINVESTMENTBANKSHAVEPRELIMINARILYAPPEAREDAFTERABOUT2
4、0YEARSDEVELOPMENT,THEQUANTITYOFCHINASSECURITIESFIRMSHAVEINCREASED,ANDTHESCALEOFCHINASINVESTMENTBANKSHAVEBEENINCREASINGLYEXTENDED。SINCE1990,THEQUANTITYOFCHINASSECURITIESFIRMSANDTHEIRBUSINESSDEPARTMENTSHAVEASCENDED,WHILETHETOTALCAPITAL,NETCAPITALANDRETAINEDPROFITSOFINVESTMENTBANKSHAVETAKENONCONVEXTREN
5、DACCORDINGTOTHEOVERALLSITUATIONOFCHINASINVESTMENTBANKSTHEQUANTITYOFSECURITIESFIRMSISLARGE,WHILEMOSTOFTHEMHAVERELATIVELYSMALLSCALETHOUGHSOMEOFTHEMHAVETAKENONTHESCALEECONOMYCHARACTERISTICS,THEYAREFARFROMTHEOPTIMUMSCALE,PRACTICEHASPROVEDTHATLARGESCALESECURITIESFIRMSCANPROMOTETOSHARETHERESEARCHFRUIT,RED
6、UCEADMINISTRATIVEANDRESEARCHDEVELOPMENTEXPENSESBYWAYOFIMPROVINGRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTCAPABILITYESPECIALLYWITHTHEBUSINESSADMINISTRATION,THEUNITCOSTINPUTOFLARGESCALEENTERPRISESHASGREATERRADIANTEFFECTSINCONCLUSION,CHINASINVESTMENTBANKSHAVEALREADYDEMONSTRATEDTHETRENDTHATMARKETANDRESOURCECENTRALIZEONHIGH
7、QUALITYBROKERAGEFIRMSAFTERNEATENEDINFACT,WITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHECAPITALMARKET,SOMEOFOURSECURITIESFIRMSHAVEALREADYEMBODIEDTHESCALEECONOMYCHARACTERISTICINRECENTYEARS,THROUGHINCREASINGCAPITALANDSTOCK,AMALGAMATINGETCTHESCALEECONOMYEFFECTOFOURINVESTMENTBANKSISMOREREMARKABLETHOUGHTHEINVESTMENTBANKSWITHLAR
8、GERCAPITALSCALEOFINCHINAHAVENOTFORMEDTHEOPTIMALCAPITALSCALETOCOMPETEWITHFAMOUSFOREIGNINVESTMENTBANKSSUCHASMERRILLLYNCHSECURITIESATPRESENT,AFTERMERGERANDOPTIMUMDISTRIBUTIONOFRESOURCESINRECENTYEARS,SOMEINTEGRATIVELARGESECURITIESFIRMSAREALREADYEMERGING,SUCHASCITICSECURITIES,GUOTAIJUNANSECURITIES,ANDMER
9、CHANTSSECURITIES,WHICHHAVERELATIVEADVANTAGES,HAVEGREATINTEGRATIVESERVICEABILITY,ANDKEEPAHEADINBUSINESSINNOVATIONANDBUSINESSSCOPESOMESECURITIESFIRMSRANKCHANGEFREQUENTLYINMONOMIALBUSINESSBUTTHEYAREABSOLUTELYDOMINANTINCAPITALSCALE,BUSINESSSCOPE,ANDPROFITSCALE,TAKINGONSCALEECONOMYCHARACTERISTICSPRELIMIN
10、ARILY2COMPARATIVEANALYSISOFTHESINOUSINVESTMENTBANKSCAPITALSCALEHIGHCONCENTRATIONRATIOISATYPICALCHARACTERISTICOFFINANCIALSECTORFROMTHEWORLDWIDEVIEWESPECIALLYININVESTMENTBANKSBECAUSETHEIRCAPITALAREINTENSIVEANDGREATINDEMANDASWELLASTHEIRBUSINESSHAVEHIGHLYHOMOGENEITYANDSTANDARDIZATION,THEDEVELOPMENTOFINV
11、ESTMENTBANKSHAVEMOREREMARKABLESCALEECONOMYCHARACTERISTICS,WHICHHAVEALREADYBEENVERIFIEDBYTHEPRACTICEANDTHEORIESOFWESTERNDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESREPRESENTEDBYTHEUSDURINGTHELASTONEHUNDREDYEARSCAPITALINTENSIVENESSISAMAINCHARACTERISTICOFINVESTMENTBANKSABUNDANTCAPITALCANHELPTORESISTRISKS,ANDATTHESAMETIMETHECOST
12、DECREASECAUSEDBYSCALEEFFECTWILLBRINGINVESTMENTBANKSTOGREATERCOMPETITIVEADVANTAGEWECALLSAYTHATTHESCALEOFCAPITALHASDIRECTLYDETERMINEDTHECOMPETITIVENESSOFINVESTMENTBANKSTAB2ANDTAB3DESCRIBETHECOMPREHENSIVECAPITALSTRENGTHOFCHINASTOPTENINVESTMENTBANKSANDTHEFOURMAJORINVESTMENTBANKSOFTHEUSATTHEENDOF2006RESP
13、ECTIVELYCOMPARINGSINOUSINVESTMENTBANKSCAPITALSCALEINLATERALWECANSEETHAT,COMPAREDWITHINVESTMENTBANKSONTHEMATUREDMARKETSOFFOREIGNCOUNTRIES,THECAPITALANDASSETSOFCHINASINVESTMENTBANKSAREOBVIOUSSMALLANDWEAKINSCALETAKINGMERRILLLYNCHSECURITIESFOREXAMPLE,ITSTOTALCAPITALHADREACHED34,659MILLIONUSDOLLARSIN2006
14、,WHILECHINAGALAXYSECURITIES,WHOSETOTALCAPITALRANKEDFIRST,HADONLY43,202MILLIONYUANATTHESAMEPERIODONTHEOTHERHAND,THEREAREENORMOUSDISPARITIESBETWEENTHEMINBUSINESSINCOMETHETOTALBUSINESSINCOMEOFMERRILLLYNCHSECURITIESREACHED34,659MILLIONUSDOLLARSIN2006,WHILECHINAGALAXYSECURITIESBUSINESSINCOMEWASONLY3,429M
15、ILLIONYUANMEANWHILE,THELEVELRATEOFAMERICANINVESTMENTBANKSISRELATIVELYHIGH,ANDTHEIRNETPROFIT,EMPLOYEES,ANDTHEAMOUNTOFINVESTMENTBANKWEREALMOST18,6,AND3TIMESOFCHINASRESPECTIVELYIN2006VIEWEDFROMANAVERAGEPOINTTHEAVERAGESCALESOFAMERICANINVESTMENTBANKSHAVEFAREXCEEDEDOURSECURITIESCOMPANIESTHEMAINREASONRESTR
16、ICTINGTHEOVERALLSCALEOFCHINASINVESTMENTBANKSISTHENARROWFINANCINGCHANNELSTILLTAKINGAMERICANASANEXAMPLETHEASSETLIABILITYRATIOOFTHEINVESTMENTBANKINDUSTRYISABOVE97,ANDTHERIGHTSANDINTERESTSRATEEXCEEDS40REVIEWINGCHINASINVESTMENTBANKINGWECANSEETHATTHEASSETLIABILITYRATIOATTHEENDOF2006WASONLY4521ESSTHANHALFO
17、FAMERICANSASARESULT,THEPROFITABILITYISNOTONLYWEAKERTHANAMERICANCOUNTERPARTS,BUTALSOLIMITEDBYFINANCINGABILITYCHINASINVESTMENTBANKSAREHARDTOGROWBIGGERANDMOREPOWERFULRAPIDLYALLTHETIME3COMPARATIVEANALYSISOFTHECAPITALSTRUCTUREOFSINOUSINVESTMENTBANKS31CONTRASTANALYSISOFCAPITALSTRUCTUREOFSINOUSINVESTMENTBA
18、NKSACCORDINGTOTHEWESTERNCAPITALSTRUCTURETHEORYDIFFERENTCAPITALSTRUCTURESWILLAFFECTTHECORPORATIONVALUEINNONCOMPLETEEFFECTIVEMARKETTHEOPTIMALCAPITALSTRUCTUREISDISTINCTINDIFFERENTINDUSTRIESANDKINDSOFENTERPRISESTAKINGINVESTMENTBANKSASALLEXAMPLEAGAINACCORDINGTOTHEDEMANDOFASSETLIABILITYMANAGEMENT,ANDFROMT
19、HEPOINTOFVIEWTHATTHEREVENUEISCORRESPONDINGWITHRISKINFINANCINGANDINVESTINGACTIVITY,THEBASICPRINCIPLEOFMAKINGFINANCINGDECISIONISTHATACOMPANYSCAPITALSTRUCTURE,NAMELYTHESHAREHOLDERSEQUITYLIABILITIESRATIOSHOULDBEMATCHEDWITHTHEPROPORTIONSOFFIXEDASSETS,LONGTERMINVESTMENT,MEDIUMTERMINVESTMENTSHORTTERMINVEST
20、MENTANDCURRENTASSETSINTHECOMPANYSCAPITALSTRUCTUREBECAUSETHEFIXEDASSETSANDLONGTERMINVESTMENTUSUALLYWEIGHSMALLININVESTMENTBANKSCAPITALSTRUCTURE,WHILETHESHAREHOLDERSEQUITYWEIGHSRELATIVELYSMALLINTHEASSETSSTRUCTUREESPECIALLYINMATUREDCAPITAIMARKETSOFDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESTHEFINANCINGCHANNELOFINVESTMENTBANKSIS
21、ALWAYSEXPEDITEDSOTHEASSETLIABILITYRATIOOFSECURITIESTRADERSISRELATIVELYHIGH,ANDTHATOFTHEEQUITYLIABILITIESUSUALLYCANBEUPTO3一5ITCANBESEENTHATTHESHAREHOLDERSEQUITYANDLIABILITIESPROPORTIONOFAMERICANFOURMAJORINVESTMENTBANKSIS49,32,4,AND45RESPECTIVELY,THATISTOSAYTHEIRCORECAPITALADEQUACYRATEISABOUT5。WHICHME
22、ANSTHEOTHER95OFFUNDCOMEFROMVARIOUSKINDSOFFINANCINGCHANNELSGENERALLYSPEAKING,PUBLICLISTINGISONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTWAYSTORAISEFUNDFORFAMOUSFOREIGNINVESTMENTBANKS,THEAMERICANTOPTENSECURITIESTRADERSAREALLSTOCKCOMPANYLISTEDONNEWYORKSTOCKEXCHANGE,ANDSOMEOFTHEMARELISTEDONSEVERALSTOCKEXCHANGESATTHESAMETIMEIN
23、ADDITION,THEFINANCINGCHANNELOFFOREIGNINVESTMENTBANKSINCLUDESISSUINGTHEFINANCIALBOND,CARRYINGONSPECIALFIDUCIARYLOAN。INTERBANKLENDING,NOTEFINANCING,NATIONALDEBTBUYBACKANDMORTGAGEBONDETCTHEEQUITYLIABILITIESRATIOOFOURINVESTMENTBANKSISRELATIVELYHIGHCOMPAREDWITHTHATOFTHEAMERICANSTAB5LISTSTHETOP20SECURITIE
24、SCOMPANIESOFCHINAINTERMSOFNETASSETSIN2006MOSTOFTHEIREQUITYLIABILITIESRATIOSARERANGEFROM2040,ANDTHEMEANVALUEISUPTO3905,WHILETHECORECAPITALADEQUACYRATEISALMOSTTENTIMESOFCORRESPONDINGINDEXESOFTHEFOREIGNINVESTMENTBANKSONEREASONISTHATTHEREISNOSHORTMECHANISMINCHINASSTOCKMARKETWHICHINDUCESCHINASSECURITIEST
25、RADERSUNABLETOFINANCEBYSECURITIESANDTHEIRFINANCINGCHANNELISEXHAUSTEDTHOUGHWECANNOTREGARDCAPITALSTRUCTUREASTHEONLYCRITERIONTOWEIGHCOMPANYVALUEINTHESAMECAPITALSCALE。OBVIOUSDATADIFFERENCEREFLECTSSUCHINFORMATIONATLEASTTHEREISASIZABLEGAPBETWEENCHINASSECURITIESCOMPANIESANDAMERICANINVESTMENTBANKSINASSETSMA
26、NAGEMENTANDRISKCONTROLLINGETCINOTHERWORDS,UNDERTHESAMESCALEOFCAPITAL,THEAMERICANINVESTMENTBANKSMANAGEMOREASSETSRELYINGONTHEFUNCTIONOFLEVELANDPOSSESSMORESCALEECONOMYCHARACTERISTICSONTHEOPERATIONOFFUND32CONTRASTANALYSISOFCAPITAL0RIGINSTRUCTUREOFSINOUSINVESTMENTBANKSTHROUGHACONCRETEANALYSISOFTHEDEBTSTR
27、UCTUREOFCHINASSECURITIESCOMPANIESANDAMERICANINVESTMENTBANKS,WECALLFINDDIFFERENCESINCAPITALSTRUCTUREFURTHERACCORDINGTOTAB5,WECANFINDTHATTHELIABILITYSTRUCTUREOFDOMESTICINVESTMENTBANKSCANALSOBEDIVIDEDINTOTHREEPARTSANDTHEFIRSTTWOPARTSARESIMILARTOTHOSEOFAMERICANINVESTMENTBANKSTHEDIFFERENCELIESINTHETHIRDP
28、ART,EXCEPTFORINTERBANKBORROWING,SECURITIESREPURCHASEANDSTOCKMORTGAGEETETHEREISNOTANYOTHERLONGTERMLIABILITYFINANCINGCHANNEL,WHICHISTHEBIGGESTOBSTACLEFORCHINASINVESTMENTBANKSTOEXPANDTHEIRBUSINESSSCALETHEINVESTMENTBANKSMUSTKEEPHIGHCAPITALLIQUIDITYSECURITYANDEARNINGABILITY,HOWEVERTHEEXISTENCEOFLOTSOFNON
29、SECURITIESASSETSWILLHAVEAVISIBLENEGATIVEIMPACTONIMPROVINGTHEIREARNINGABILITY,EXPANDINGBUSINESSSCALE,ENHANCINGCOMPETITIVEABILITYANDGUARANTEEINGTHECUSTOMSFUND4CONCLUSIONSFORAMERICANINVESTMENTBANKS,ITISALLINDUSTRYWITHHIGHCONCENTRATIONRATIOFORINSTANCE,THESIXMAJORINVESTMENTBANKSUNDERWRITINGBUSINESSACCOUN
30、TEDFOR76OFTHEAMERICANMARKETIN1986THETRADINGVOLUMEOFMAANDCONSULTATIONSERVICESACCOUNTEDFOR72BETWEENL983AND1997AFTERMORETHANTWENTYYEARSOFDEVELOPMENT,OURINVESTMENTBANKSCONCENTRATIONRATIOONBUSINESSCAPITALSCALE,ANDNETASSETSAREIMPROVINGPROGRESSIVELY,ANDTHESCALEECONOMYEFFECTSHAVEBEENEMERGINGINCREASINGLYTHEC
31、APITALSTRUCTURE,NAMELYTHESHAREHOLDERSEQUITYLIABILITIESRATIOOFSINOUSINVESTMENTBANKSHASABIGGERDIFFERENCE,THATIS,THERATIONINTHEUSISABOUT5,WHILEINCHINAITISASHIGHAS20一40THEREASONLIESINTWOASPECTSTHEOBJECTIVEFACTORISTHATTHECAPITALMARKETSCALEOFOURCOUNTRYISLIMITED,THETRANSACTIONSPECIESAREDEFICIENT,THEFINANCI
32、NGMECHANISMISNOTCONSUMMATEANDLACKOFFINANCINGINSTRUMENTETCTHESUBJECTIVEFACTORISTHATTHEDOMESTICSECURITIESTRADERSARELATEINBEGINNINGWEAKINOPERATIONANDMANAGEMENTINEXPERIENCEDINREININGTHEMARKETETCTHEIMPETUSOFCHINASINVESTMENTBANKSREFORMINTHEFUTUREISTOUNBLOCKTHEFINANCINGCHANNELIMPROVETHEFINANCINGSTRUCTURE,C
33、ONTROLTHEPROPORTIONOFCAPITALSTRUCTURE,ANDTOMAKETHECAPITALSTRUCTUREMORESCIENTIFICANDINTERNATIONAL,PURSUECAPITALSCALEACCUMULATIONANDBREAKTHROUGHCONSTANTLYATTHESAMETIME题目COMPARATIVERESEARCHONCAPITALSTRUCTUREOFSINOUSINVESTMENTBANKS出处BANKOFQINGDAO,PRCHINA作者LIURUIBO,ZHAIYINJIA译文比较研究中美投资银行的资本结构经过20多年的发展,中国
34、的投资银行已经初步显示出规模经济的特征,资本市场集中度也得到了很大的提高。相对于美国投资银行的资本结构,我们可以看到,我国的投资银行负债率远远高于同期的美国市场,这表明了我国投资银行的资本结构仍不合理,融资能力仍然不强。今后改革应该面向增加投资银行在资本和证券市场的融资渠道,并提高其资产管理能力和风险控制能力。1、资本积累中国的投资银行已经初步出现经过约20年的发展,中国的证券公司数量有所增加,而中国的投资银行规模日益扩大。自1990年以来,证券公司及其营业部有所上升,而总资本、净资本和留存利润采取凸趋势。根据中国投资银行总的趋势,证券公司的数量非常大,但是其中大部分只具备较小的规模,尽管他们
35、已经具备规模经济特征,但是他们离最佳规模还是很远。实践证明,大规模的证券公司可以促进分享研究成果,减少管理和研究发展费用,提高发展能力。特别是随着企业管理,大型企业的成本投入有加大的辐射影响。总之,中国的投资银行已经证明了市场和资源集中在整顿后的高品质经纪公司的趋势。事实上,随着资本市场的发展,我们的一些证券公司已经体现了规模经济的特征,近年来,通过增加资本和股票合并等,我们的投资银行的规模经济效应更为显著。虽然目前我国的投资银行还没有形成最佳的资本规模与国外著名银行(如美林证券)相竞争,但经过合并和优化配置资源,几年来,一些综合性大证券公司已经开始出现,如中信证券、国泰君安证券、招商证券,这
36、些证券公司具有相对优势,很大的综合服务能力,并在业务创新和业务规模上居于前端。一些证券公司在单项业务上变化频繁,但他们具有绝对的资本规模、经营范围、规模优势和利润,同时初步具有经济特征规模。2、比较分析中美投资银行的资本规模高集中度是世界各地财务部门尤其是投资银行在金融方面的典型特征,因为他们的资本非常集中并且需求旺盛,企业也具有高度的同质性和标准化特征。投资银行的发展具有规模经济飞特点更加显著,这已经被以美国为代表的西方发达国家在两百年前的实践和理论所证明。资本密集是投资银行的主要特征。充裕的资本可以帮助抵御风险,并在同一时间,成本降低引起的规模效应将会给投资银行带来更大的竞争,我们也可以说
37、资本规模对投资银行的竞争力有直接影响。表2和表3描述了2006年年底中美两国十大投资银行的综合资本实力。比较中美两国投资银行最近的资本规模,我们可以发现,和国外投资银行成熟市场相比,中国投行资本和资产的规模显而易见的弱小。拿美林证券为例来说,它的在2006年总资产已经达到34659万美元元,但是中国银河证券,其总资本排名第一,但在同一时期仅43202万美元,另一方面,他们在业务收入方面也有巨大差距,2006年,美林证券的总印业收入达到34659万美元,而中国银河证券的营业收入仅3429万人民币,同时,美洲投资银行的水平率比较高,从美国投资银行的平均规模看,其纯利润、雇员和投资金额分别是中国银行
38、的近18、6和3倍。美国投行的平均规模已经远远超过了我国的证券公司。制约中国投资银行整体规模的最主要原因是狭隘的融资渠道。仍以美国为例,投资银行的资本负债率大于97,而权力和利益率超过40。回顾中2国的投资银行,我们可以发现2006年的资本负债率仅仅为452,比美国少了整整一半。因此,盈利能力不仅低于美国同行,但也限制了融资能力,中国的投资银行很难长期做大,功能难以迅速强大。,3对比分析中美投资银行的资本结构31中美投资银行资本结构的对比分析按照西方资本结构理论不同在资本结构会影响公司在非完全有效的市场价值最佳资本结构在不同机构和不同企业企业间不同。拿投资银行举例,按照资本负债的需求管理,并从
39、收入角度看,它对应着在融资和投资活动的风险。融资决策的基本原则是公司的资本结构即股东的权益和负债比率必须和公司资本结构中的固定资产的比例、长期投资,中期投资、短期投资、和流动资产相匹配。因为固定资产和长期投资通常在投资银行的资本结构中的比重比较小,特别是在发达国家的长期资本市场。投资银行的融资渠道非常快速,所以券商的资产负债比率非常高,通常可以达到35。可以看出,美国四大投资银行的股东权益和负债的比例为49,32,4和45,也就是他们的核心资本充足率约为5,这意味着其他95资金来时其他多种融资渠道。通常来说,上市对于国外著名投资银行来说是最重要的筹集资金方式之一。美国前十名的券商都是在纽约证券
40、交易所上市的股份公司,并且他们有些还同一时候在多个证券交易所上市,另外,外国投资银行的融资渠道包括发行的金融债券、转向信用贷款、同业拆借、票据融资、国债回购和抵押债券等。我国投资银行的权益负债率和美国的相比非常高。表5列出了2006年中国证券公司前20位的净资产,他们的权益负债比率大多介于2040之间,平均值嘎达3905,而其核心资本充足率几乎是外国投行相应指标的近十倍,原因之一是没有短期股票在中国市场上引导中国证券商,从而致使券商无法融资,融资渠道耗尽。尽管我们不能把资本结构作为衡量同一规模公司价值的唯一标准。规模差异明显的反映了这些信息,中国的证券公司和美国的投资银行在资本管理和风险控制等
41、方面有相当大的差距,也就是说,在同等规模的资本下,美国的投资银行主要依靠杆杠作用来管理核心资产,并在资金运作方面拥有更具规模经济特征。32中美投资银行资本原始结构的对比分析通过对中国证券公司的债务结构和美国的投资银行具体的分析,我们呼吁在资本结构中找到更多的差异。表5显示,我们可以发现,国内投资银行的负债结构也可以分为3个部分,前两部分类似于美国的投资银行,而第三部分有所不同,除了同业拆借、证券回购和股票抵押贷款等。没有任何其他长期负债融资渠道是中国投资银行扩大商业规模的最大障碍。投资银行必须保持高流动性、安全性和盈利能力。但是不安全资产的存在对提高他们的盈利能力、扩大业务规模、提高竞争力和保
42、证客户基金有重大隐患,4、结论对于美国的投资银行,它所有的实例产业都是高集中度的,例如,1986年六大投资银行的承销业务在美国市场占76,1983年1997年,并购交易量和咨询服务占72。经过20多年的发展,我们投资银行规模集中在业务上。资产规模和净资产逐步完善,经济规模和影响已越来越严重。资本结构,即股东权益负债权益比,而中美投资银行的股东负债权益比有较大的差别,也就是说,在美国比为5左右,而在中国它更是高达2040。这主要有两方面的原因。客观方面主要是资本市场规模是有限的,交易品种具有缺陷性,融资机制并不完美,还有缺少融资工具等。主观方面主要是因为国内证券商起步晚,缺乏后期经营管理,驾驭市场缺乏经验等。中国投资银行未来改革动力主要是疏通融资渠道,改善融资结构,控制资本结构,并且是资本结构更加科学化、国际化,同时追求资本规模不断积累忽然突破。
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