1、降血脂药物(Antihyperlipidemic Agents)第一节 前言 第二节 HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂 第三节 纤维酸衍生物 第四节 其它降血脂药物 高血脂症指血液中胆固醇或甘油三酯增加,或脂蛋白增加高血脂症的分类高胆固醇血症 HMG CoA(羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A)还原酶抑制剂类药物高甘油三酯血症 纤维酸衍生物类药物混合型高血脂症药物发现及临床药物H CH3CH3OOOOHOCH3CH3 H CH3CH3OOOOHOCH3CH3 CH3HCH3OHOOCH3CH3OOOHOHNa+H CH3OOOOHOCH3CH3NFONHCH3CH3OOOHOHOOOHOHN NFCH3CH3N C
2、H3SO OCH3NOOOHOHFCa2+Ca2+ Ca2+Na+NFONHCH3CH3OOOHOHCa2+NCH3CH3OOOHFOH(lovastatin) (simvastatin) RRRRRR (mevastatin)1976(Penicillium citricum)HMG CoA , (Aspergillus terreus)1987, 1989, 2 2 2(atorvastatin calcium) (rosuvastatin calcium) (pitavastatin calcium)RRSRSR(fluvastatin sodium)RS(pravastatin sod
3、ium) :20-80mg:20-80mg:20-40mg:20-80mg :10-80mg :10-80mg:1-2mg(Nocardia autotrophica) 2 (Cerivastatin sodium):0.2-0.8mg 20018 作用机制酶的竞争性抑制剂抑制了内源性胆固醇的合成刺激LDL受体将血液中的LDL转运到肝脏中,降低血清LDL含量OHOCH3 OHSCoAOOMOOHOHHMG CoA HMG CoA 还原酶抑制剂构效关系OHOCH3 OHSCoAOOMOOHOHHMG CoA statins母环碳链侧链侧链的结构改造3,5-二羟基戊酸或其内酯基是药效团,手性碳原子
4、绝对构型需与洛伐他汀的构型一致,手性碳原子立体构型 (3R,5S)和(3R,5R)氟伐他汀为反式异构体,(3R,5S)型有药理活性,(3S,5R) 药理活性环 式的活性 内酯 OH OHCOOMO OOH12345药物发现及临床药物H CH3CH3OOOOHOCH3CH3 H CH3CH3OOOOHOCH3CH3 CH3HCH3OHOOCH3CH3OOOHOHNa+H CH3OOOOHOCH3CH3NFONHCH3CH3OOOHOHOOOHOHN NFCH3CH3N CH3SO OCH3NOOOHOHFCa2+Ca2+ Ca2+Na+NFONHCH3CH3OOOHOHCa2+NCH3CH3OO
5、OHFOH(lovastatin) (simvastatin) RRRRRR (mevastatin)1976(Penicillium citricum)HMG CoA , (Aspergillus terreus)1987, 1989, 2 2 2(atorvastatin calcium) (rosuvastatin calcium) (pitavastatin calcium)RRSRSR(fluvastatin sodium)RS(pravastatin sodium) :20-80mg:20-80mg:20-40mg:20-80mg :10-80mg :10-80mg:1-2mg(N
6、ocardia autotrophica) 2 (Cerivastatin sodium):0.2-0.8mg 20018 链的结构改造碳 增加或 活性 降CH2CH2, CH=CH, 有活性CC或OCH2 有活性CH=CH,trans-活性 cis-活性结 碳链 是CH2CH2, CH=CHO H O HC O O MH CH3OOOOHOCH3CH3Mevastatin 母环结构改造环 是 需基团对氟 基和异 基或环基 基团有 合肝脏 性抑制肝脏HMG CoA还原酶, 作用药物脂性 ,currency1“肝fifl, 药物有 性肝脏OH OHCOOMH CH3CH3OOOOHOCH3CH3NCH3CH3OOOHFOH Na+NFONHCH3CH3OOOHOH OOOHOHN NFCH3CH3N CH3SO OCH3NOOOHOHF氟伐他汀第一 合成的HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂体” 3R,5S有药理活性3S,5R 药理活性1994 ,2001 剂症:节 效的原发性高胆固醇血 症,作为和运的辅 NCH3 CH3FOH OHCOO Na+-