1994年全国硕士研究生入学考试.DOC

1、1994 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试卷Part Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)The first and smallest unit that

2、 can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is of the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of likely breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener

3、. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.Moreover inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being trans

4、mitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be unable to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners.41. A of B at C for D on42. A inaccessible B timely C likely Dinvalid43. A encourages B prevents C destroy D offers44. A pass ou

5、t B take away C back up D stir up45. A who B as C which D what46. A Moreover B However C Preliminarily D Unexpectedly47. A that B it C so D this48. A speech B sense C message D meaning49. A obscure B difficult C impossible D unable50. A case B means C method D way译文:就语言而言,可以讨论的首要的和最小的单位是词。说话时，选词是最重要

6、的。适应的选词可以消除交际过程中可能出现的障碍。用词粗心大意往往阻碍说话人和听话人的思想交流。说话人使用的词汇可能引起听话人的不利反应，从而干扰其理解。因此，这发送#接受系统就会中断。此外，词义不准确或不明确的词使听话人难于听懂传递给他的信息。说话人的常用词汇中如没有详细而精确词的话，就不可能用听话人能理解的方式进行解释或描述。1995 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试卷Part Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked A,B,C an

7、d D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. Neither kind of sleep is

8、at all well-understood, but REM sleep is assumed to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more mysterious. The new experiments, such as those described for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascin

9、ating explanations for the purpose of non-REM sleep.For example, it has long been known that total sleep deprivation is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, upon examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now cast light on the mystery of why the animals die. The

10、rats develop bacterial infections of the blood, as if immune systems the self-protecting mechanism against diseases had crashed.41. A Either BNeither C Each D Any42. A intended B required C assumed D inferred43. Asubtle B obvious C mysterious D doubtful44. A maintained B described C settled D afford

11、ed45. A in the light B by virtue C with the exception D for the purpose46. A reduction B destruction C deprivation D restriction47. A upon B by C through D with48. A paid attention to B caught sight of C laid emphasis on D cast light on49. A develop B produce C stimulate D induce50. A if Bas if C on

12、ly if D if only译文：睡眠通常被分为所谓的“快动眼”睡眠阶段（REM=rapid eye movement）和较多长的非快睡眠。前者特点为眼球快速转动并做梦。我们对两种形式的睡眠了解都不多，但是人们假设 REM 睡眠对大脑起羊某种康复功能。非快动眼睡眠起的作用更神秘。最近睡眠研究协会在明尼阿波利斯举行的会议上，专家们首次描述的一些新实验，对眼球非快速移动睡眠的作用的阐释令人着迷。比如，人们早已了解到，完全剥夺其睡眠对老鼠具有 100%的致命性，然而，在检查老鼠死尸时，这些动物看上去完全正常。一研究人员已阐明这些动物死亡原因的奥秘。老鼠患血液细菌感染，似乎他们的免疫系统抵御疾病的自

13、我保护机制已崩溃。1996 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试卷Part Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)Vitamins are organic co

14、mpounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.They do not provide energy, nor do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for transforming foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more

15、of them, and if any is missing a deficiency disease becomes apparent .Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more sp

16、ecific functions in the body.Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people, nevertheless, believe in being on the “safe side” and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the bodys vitamin

17、needs.41. A either B so Cnor D never42. A shifting B transferring C altering D transforming43. A any B some C anything D something44. A serious B apparent C severe D fatal45. A mostly B partially C sometimes D rarely46. A in that Bso that C such that D except that47. Aundertakes B holds C plays D pe

18、rforms48. A Supply BGetting C Providing D Furnishing49. Aexceptional Bexceeding C excess D external50. A nevertheless B therefore C moreover D meanwhile译文：维生素是有机化合物，饮食中必须含有少量维生素以维持动物（包括人）的生存和生长。它们不提供能量，也不构成身体的任何一部分，它们的任务是把食物转变成能量和维持身体健康。至少有 13种维生素，若缺其中一种，缺乏症疾病便明显可见。各种维生素都很相似，因为它们由同样的元素构成，一般是碳、氢、氧，有时

19、还有氮。它们的不同之处在于每种维生素内部的元素排列不同，并且每种维生素在人体内都有一种或多种特殊作用。虽然维生素对人体并无什么营养上的用处，但吸收足够的维生素是必要的。尽管如此，有些人出于保险的想法，还是摄入过量的维生素。不过，均衡的饮食一般能够完全满足身体对维生素的需求。1997 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试卷Part Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best one and

20、 mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the worlds largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people swarm into the offices and factories of America, seeking a days work for a days p

21、ay. One day at a time, As industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive by reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.Even though its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary wor

22、kers. This “disposable” work force is the most important trend in American business today, and it is fundamentally changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive while avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens

23、imposed by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of importance that came from being a loyal employee.41. A swarm B stride C separate D slip42. A For B Because CAs D Since43. A from B in C on D by44. AEven though B Now

24、 that C If only D Provided that45. A durable B disposable C available D transferable46. A approach B flow C fashion D trend47. A instantly B reversely C fundamentally D sufficiently48. A but B while C and D whereas49. A imposed B restricted C enthusiasm D confined50. A excitement B conviction C enth

25、usiasm D importance译文：拥有雇员 56 万人之众的劳务公司，是世界上最大的临时就业机构。每天早晨，公司的员工纷纷涌向美国的机关和工厂，为拿到日工资而寻找一天的工作。一次就一天了，因为一些工业巨头，如通用汽车公司的国际商用机器公司都靠裁员谋求生存，因此，总部设在威斯康星州密尔沃基市的劳务公司得以兴旺起来。即使美国的经济继续恢复，僵的兼职人数和临时工的人数也还是不断增加。这种“一次性”的就业大军是当今美国经济的最重要的趋势，而且它从根本上改变了个人与职业的关系。这种现象为这些公司开辟了一条道路，使其既不失国际竞争力，又可以不受市场周期的冲击，避免就业法规，医疗保健和养老金法案带

26、来的日益增加的负担。对雇员而言，这将意味着不再享有保障、福利，不再具有作为一个忠实雇员的使命感。1998 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试卷Part Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brack

27、ets. (10 points)Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They admitted that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the average man. But they insisted that its immediate results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were wid

28、espread poverty and misery for the bulk of the English population. By contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a completely agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.This view, however is generally thought to be wrong. Special

29、ists is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists however is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists in by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.41. A admitted B believed C claimed D predi

30、cted42. A plain B average C mean D normal43. A momentary B prompt C instant D immediate44. A bulk B host C gross D magnitude45. A On B With C For D By46. A broadly B thoroughly C generally D completely47. Ahowever B meanwhile C therefore D moreover48. A at B in C about D for49. A manifested B approv

31、ed C shown D speculated50. A noted B impressed C labeled D marked译文：直到最近，多数历史学家对工业革命仍持强烈的批评态度。他们承认，从长远观点来看，工业化的确大大地提高了普通老百姓的生活水平。但是，他们坚持说，从 1750 年到 1850 年期间，工业化的直接结果是广大英国人民的普遍贫困和苦难。对比之下，在此之前从 1650 年到 1750 年的 100 年间，英国还是一个完全的农业国，他们认为是一个富裕和繁荣的时期。然而，人们普遍认为这种观点是错误的。历史学和经济学方面的专家已经证明了两件事：从 1650 年到 1750年期间

32、以极度贫困为特征，而工业化显然没有使这种状况恶化；事实上却可能改善了绝大多数平民百姓的生活条件。1999 全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试卷Part Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the bracke

33、ts. (10 points)Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies with low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them alive and active. When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operations is established where time lost due to

34、 injuries is kept at a minimum.Successful safety programs may differ greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by observing rules or regulations. Still others depend on an emotional appeal to

35、the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must e used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety pays off. The fewer the injury claims, the better the workmans insurance rate

36、. This may mean the difference between operating at a profit or at a loss.41. A at B in C on D with42. A alive B vivid Cmobile D diverse43. A regulation B climate C circumstance D requirement44. A where B how C what D unless45. A alter B differ C shift D distinguish46. A constituting B aggravating C

37、 observing D justifying47. A Some BMany C Even D Still48. A comes off B turns up C pays off D holds up49. A claims B reports C declarations D proclamations50. A an advantage B a benefit C an interest D a profit译文：安全生产并非始自今日。事故发生率较低的公司往往制订安全计划，尽力安排计划的实施，并不断努力使其保持活力、发挥作用。当上述工作圆满完成时，一个无事故的作业环境便建立起来。在这里

38、，因人员伤害而损失的时间便会保持在最低水平。各种有效的安全计划其侧重点上很不相同。有些计划注重机械保护，另一些则强强调通过招待各种规章制度来进行安全生产。还有一些计划则主要靠对工人们，晓之以理，动之以情。但是如果要取得最好的结果，每个安全计划都要遵循一定的基本思想。安全生产的价值无庸置疑。单从经济角度来看，安全生产也是大有裨益的。伤害索赔越少，员工的保险率就越高。它可能意味着企业经营的盈亏。2000 全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试卷Part Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, these a

39、re four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity

40、 of grain instead of consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family only if he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance against the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sel

41、l in order to replace old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to feed the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation channels and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be self-sufficient. He must either sell some of his property or

42、seek extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low rate of interest, but loans of this kind are not frequently obtainable.41. A other than B as well as C instead of D more than42. A only if B much as C long before D ever since43. A for B against C of D towards44. A

43、 replace B purchase C supplement D dispose45. A enhance B mix C feed D raise46. A vessels B routes C paths D channels47. A self-confident B self-sufficient C self-satisfied D self-restrained48. A search B save C offer Dseek49. A proportion B percentage C rate D ratio50. A genuinely B obviously C pre

44、sumably D frequently译文：农民要想成功，必须在其消费与生产之间努力保持较大的距离。他必须储存大量的粮食，而不是将全部粮食马上消费掉。只有生产有剩余，他才能养活他自己及其家人。农民必须以如下三种方式来使用这些剩余粮食：留作播种用，留作备荒用，留作商品卖掉以更新农具和买化肥用。要修建灌溉沟渠，或以其他方式改善农田，也可能需要钱。没有余粮，农民就不能自给自足。要么卖掉一些财产，要么通过贷款寻求资金。自然他会努力获取低息贷款，但是不能经常借到这种低息贷款。2001 全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试卷Part Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered

45、blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in

46、 prominent cases such as the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given t

47、o a case before a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he agreed with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not offer sufficient control.Publication of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a storm of media protest when he said the interpretation of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges rather than to