洛阳一拖实习日日谈.doc

1、is responsible for Organization training, and implementation, and check; 12, master workshops annual economic indicators of implementation, reporting to financial health on a regular basis; 13, is responsible for the daily oversight in the allocation and use of funds; 14, responsible for all Departm

2、ent statistics, collecting, sorting, reporting of accounting reports; 15, the company responsible for the supervision of the Treasury, including the “third grade“ library, a library of materials, products for regular inventory handling, sampling, storage monitoring, the picking work, and provide the

3、 inventory report, and make the appropriate accounting treatment; 16, responsible for waste and recycling, transportation and settlement; 17, is responsible for all product sales accounting functions; 18, responsible for the companys raw materials, auxiliary materials, account management; 19, is res

4、ponsible for the flow of control of all assets of the company, according to the changes in accounting treatment of fixed assets and assets to the departments responsible for clearing, settlement and asset monthly report submitted to the asset management section of the Finance Department of the compa

5、ny organized on a company-wide special inspection of asset management; 20, according to the companys business activities, monthly projects involved in the business activities of the company (including expenses, business management, cost control, cash flow, revenue, etc) financial analysis, provide a

6、 basis for decisions for the company, the business of the company responsible for monitoring, forecasting and risk analysis; 21, responsible for the settlement of transactions with the Bank; 22, is前夕（一） 前往洛阳洛阳一拖实习日日谈坐着去洛阳的火车，心情十分激动。洛阳一座古老而美丽的城市，我们乘着国色牡丹的花季来到这座九朝古都，想必定能欣赏到一片繁荣之景吧，而此去的洛阳一拖又是享誉中外的大企业，此

7、去实习定能让我们从课本走上实际，以工人的实际操作印证十年所学，豁然开朗的快感应该连绵不绝吧。带着兴奋背着行囊，开始了我们洛阳之旅。踏入洛阳的土地便感觉古都如牡丹般雍容华贵，穿梭的车流，热闹的人流，让这座城市容光焕发，生机勃勃，复古的建筑述说古都千年的荣光，耸立的高楼彰显重镇的威严。神秘的城市焕发迷人的光彩。从热闹的市区乘车进入广袤的工业区，一个个现在化的工厂取代嚷嚷的人群，走进东方商务宾馆才算到达实习的实习第一站住宿的条件并没有打消我们高涨的热情，在安置好一切时，以张老师的一节安全教育课拉开实习的序幕。前夕（二）安全教育安全第一是机械制造业的金科玉律，所以在我们的参观之前，首先进行的就是安全教

8、育。老师给我们看了好几个安全教育宣传片，其中不乏一些惨不忍睹的画面，每一幅画面都让我们触目惊心，每一幅画面都给我们带来了心灵的震撼，使我们无时不刻都体会到危险原来时刻都离我们那么近。通过这些事例，我们看到了生命的可贵，生命是进行所有人类活动的根本，只有保存了生命，一切人类活动才能无限进行。通过那些事例，我们了解到几乎所有事故都是由于操作不够规范或者没有遵守工厂里的各项规则（例如没戴安全帽，吊车下站人等）才导致了事故的发生。在工厂里，只要遵守各项安全规则，生命就能得到保障，这是我们上班之前获得的最有价值的一个道理。安全知识教育三级安全教育是指对新招收的职工、新调入职工、来厂实习的学生或其他人员所

9、进行的厂级安全教育、车间安全教育、班组安全教育。安全生产是企业生产的重中之重，我们进入一拖的第一天公司就对我们进行了安全教育。这不仅是公司以人为本，实施安全生产的切实要求，也是企业珍爱自身和他人生命的体现。我们到达洛阳的第一天下午，一拖就组织对我们进行了安全教育。安全教育以讲解和看视频为主。尤其是在观看视频的过程中，一幕幕血淋淋的惨剧让我们彻底了解到厂区参观安全的重要性。多数惨案的发生是由于员工的违规操作，老师和安全教育人员给我们提了很多要求，让我们必须做到。其安全危害可分为六大类：1机械性危害，主要以机械作用危害为主；2化学物质危害，有气态和液态两种；3燃烧、爆炸危害，主要以机械、化学和热效

10、应的联合作用；4热危害；is responsible for Organization training, and implementation, and check; 12, master workshops annual economic indicators of implementation, reporting to financial health on a regular basis; 13, is responsible for the daily oversight in the allocation and use of funds; 14, responsible for

11、 all Department statistics, collecting, sorting, reporting of accounting reports; 15, the company responsible for the supervision of the Treasury, including the “third grade“ library, a library of materials, products for regular inventory handling, sampling, storage monitoring, the picking work, and

12、 provide the inventory report, and make the appropriate accounting treatment; 16, responsible for waste and recycling, transportation and settlement; 17, is responsible for all product sales accounting functions; 18, responsible for the companys raw materials, auxiliary materials, account management

13、; 19, is responsible for the flow of control of all assets of the company, according to the changes in accounting treatment of fixed assets and assets to the departments responsible for clearing, settlement and asset monthly report submitted to the asset management section of the Finance Department

14、of the company organized on a company-wide special inspection of asset management; 20, according to the companys business activities, monthly projects involved in the business activities of the company (including expenses, business management, cost control, cash flow, revenue, etc) financial analysi

15、s, provide a basis for decisions for the company, the business of the company responsible for monitoring, forecasting and risk analysis; 21, responsible for the settlement of transactions with the Bank; 22, is5电器危害；6其他危害。杜绝这些安全危害的办法就是严格遵守工厂的安全要求，其主要注意事项：进厂参观从、号门进；排两列，走人行道进厂；参观现场不允许拍照；厂区禁止吸烟，实习期间不准喝酒

16、；实习期间注意自己的言行；参观时，不允许穿凉鞋、拖鞋，不许穿背心、短裤；女生要戴帽子，头发收进帽子里；参观时不要打闹，要在指定通道内行走；和工作设备保持距离，不允许动手摸设备；参观时要多看多问多记；注意头顶吊物和道路上车辆；前夕（三）关于一拖中国一拖公司是毛泽东主席亲自敲定的厂址、周恩来总理亲自任命的厂长，中国第一台拖拉机、第一台压路机和第一台军用越野汽车的诞生地。 “东方红”这个响亮的名字，反映了新中国翻身农民的喜悦心情。经过五十多年的发展，中国一拖公司已成为以农业装备、工程机械、动力机械、汽车和零部件制造为主要业务的大型综合性装备制造企业集团。在公司众多产品中，大功率轮式拖拉机、履带拖拉机

17、、非道路用中缸径柴油机、农村工程机械等产品市场占有率国内第一；压路机、中小功率轮式拖拉机等产品，市场占有率居国内前三强。中国一拖集团有限公司重点产品：1、大型轮式拖拉机 2、中型轮式拖拉机 3、履带式拖拉机 4、压路机 5、柴油发动机 6、农用工程机械 7、叉车 8、车桥和组合专用机床 9、中小型工业推土机 10、小型轮式拖拉 11、车辆产品在大力发展重卡的同时， 2006 年，中国一拖在洛阳建立一拖（洛阳）彪马汽车基地，建成投产的一期工程，具备年产 6 万辆各类卡车的能力。在专用车辆方面，中国一拖具备年产系列环卫车 1000 余辆，半挂车 2000 余辆、城建、工程、特种车 3000 余辆和

18、 6000 台套车辆装备件的生产能力。目前，中国一拖以重型汽车为主导， “重、中、专、轻”并举的车辆发展格局已初步形成。是按照现代企业制度要求，由国有独资公司改制而成的多元持股有限责任公司，是我国“一五”时期 156 个重点建设项目之一。经过五十余年奋斗，一拖集团已发展成为以农业机械、工程机械、动力机械、车辆和零部件制造为主要业务的大型综合性机械制造企业集团，最大的子公司第一拖拉机股份有限公司是我国唯一在香港上市的农机制造企业。拥有国家级技术中心，具有较强的自主创新研发能力，产品设计能力和制造水平在国内处于领先地位。拥有的“东方红”商标是中国驰名商标。累计为社会提is responsible

19、for Organization training, and implementation, and check; 12, master workshops annual economic indicators of implementation, reporting to financial health on a regular basis; 13, is responsible for the daily oversight in the allocation and use of funds; 14, responsible for all Department statistics,

20、 collecting, sorting, reporting of accounting reports; 15, the company responsible for the supervision of the Treasury, including the “third grade“ library, a library of materials, products for regular inventory handling, sampling, storage monitoring, the picking work, and provide the inventory repo

21、rt, and make the appropriate accounting treatment; 16, responsible for waste and recycling, transportation and settlement; 17, is responsible for all product sales accounting functions; 18, responsible for the companys raw materials, auxiliary materials, account management; 19, is responsible for th

22、e flow of control of all assets of the company, according to the changes in accounting treatment of fixed assets and assets to the departments responsible for clearing, settlement and asset monthly report submitted to the asset management section of the Finance Department of the company organized on

23、 a company-wide special inspection of asset management; 20, according to the companys business activities, monthly projects involved in the business activities of the company (including expenses, business management, cost control, cash flow, revenue, etc) financial analysis, provide a basis for deci

24、sions for the company, the business of the company responsible for monitoring, forecasting and risk analysis; 21, responsible for the settlement of transactions with the Bank; 22, is供大中小型拖拉机、工程机械、动力机械等产品 300 多万台，向国家上缴利税50 多亿元，为我国农业机械化和机械工业的发展做出了应有的贡献。“十五”期间一拖集团销售收入年均增长 368%，企业综合实力一直处于中国企业 500 强之列。20

25、06 年经济总量跨过了百亿大关，实现了“十一五”良好开局。2007 年， 一拖集团累计实现销售收入 121 亿元， 同比增长 18%； 实现利润 269 亿元，同比增长为 62%；实现出口总额 8925 万美元， 同比增长 57%，企业步入 个新的发展阶段。前夕（四）实习目的于本次实习其主要目的在于通过实习使学生获得基本生产的感性知识，理论联系实际，扩大知识面；同时专业实习又是锻炼和培养学生业务能力及素质的重要渠道，培养当代大学生具有吃苦耐劳的精神，也是学生接触社会、了解产业状况、了解国情的一个重要途径，逐步实现由学生到社会的转变，培养我们初步担任技术工作的能力、初步了解企业管理的基本方法和技

26、能；体验企业工作的内容和方法。这些实际知识，对我们学习后面的课程乃至以后的工作，都是十分必要的基础。此次实习我们要达到以下几点：1：通过下厂生产实习，深入生产第一线进行观察和调查研究，获取必须的感性知识和使学生叫全面地了解机械制造厂的生产组织及生产过程，了解和掌握本专业基础的生产实际知识，巩固和加深已学过的理论知识，并为后续专业课的教学，课程设计，毕业设计打下基础。 2：在实习期间，通过对典型零件机械加工工艺的分析，以及零件加工过程中所用的机床，夹具量具等工艺装备，把理论知识和实践相结合起来，分析和解决问题的工作能力。 3：通过实习，广泛接触工人和听工人技术人员的专题报告，学习他们的好僧产经验

27、，技术革新和科研成果，学习他们在四化建设中的贡献精神。 4：通过参观有关工厂，掌握一台机器从毛坯到产品的整个生产过程，组织管理，设备选择和车间布置等方面的知识，扩大知识面。 5：通过记实习日记，写实习报告，锻炼与培养我们的观察，分析问题以及搜集和整理技术资料等方面的能力。实习内容（1）了解工厂的生产过程、生产线布局、技术装备；（2 ）记录零件设计和制造工艺及设备；（3）掌握机械加工工艺方面的知识及方法（4）了解切削刀具方面的知识，熟悉常用刀具的结构、选择、用途等（5 ）了解机床和数控系统的知识，特别是加工中心等典型的数控设备（6）了解企业生产管理模式，学习先进的管理方式方法（7）熟悉、巩固铸造

28、工艺及设备方面的知识，巩固我们所学的理论知识，更加让我们学到了课本上所学不到的知识，增加我们的知识面。在实习中我们了解工厂的一些基本运作过程，对机床的结构和其加工方法以及控制方式有个初步的了解，对部分零件的加工工艺有个较详细的了解为今后工作岗位打下了良好的基础。当然，我们更重要的是巩固我们平时所学的理论知识，了解自己真正学到了多少东西，从而弥补自己的不足。is responsible for Organization training, and implementation, and check; 12, master workshops annual economic indicators

29、of implementation, reporting to financial health on a regular basis; 13, is responsible for the daily oversight in the allocation and use of funds; 14, responsible for all Department statistics, collecting, sorting, reporting of accounting reports; 15, the company responsible for the supervision of

30、the Treasury, including the “third grade“ library, a library of materials, products for regular inventory handling, sampling, storage monitoring, the picking work, and provide the inventory report, and make the appropriate accounting treatment; 16, responsible for waste and recycling, transportation

31、 and settlement; 17, is responsible for all product sales accounting functions; 18, responsible for the companys raw materials, auxiliary materials, account management; 19, is responsible for the flow of control of all assets of the company, according to the changes in accounting treatment of fixed

32、assets and assets to the departments responsible for clearing, settlement and asset monthly report submitted to the asset management section of the Finance Department of the company organized on a company-wide special inspection of asset management; 20, according to the companys business activities,

33、 monthly projects involved in the business activities of the company (including expenses, business management, cost control, cash flow, revenue, etc) financial analysis, provide a basis for decisions for the company, the business of the company responsible for monitoring, forecasting and risk analys

34、is; 21, responsible for the settlement of transactions with the Bank; 22, is第一日 铸造与锻压（一）铸造厂一拖（洛阳）铸锻有限公司是中国一拖集团控股的子公司，下设第一铸铁厂、第二铸铁厂、球铁铸铝厂、铸钢厂、精密铸造厂五个专业铸造厂，一个机械加工厂和一个工艺材料研究所，是中国大型铸件生产基地。 第一铸铁厂在“九五”期间进行了较大规模技术改造。造型工部引进德国KW 公司静压造型线，该线是目前国内最大的铸铁件潮模砂生产线；砂处理工部引进德国 KN 公司混砂机、冷却器、水分自动控制等主要设备；熔化工部引进美国无芯变频感应电炉，

35、与冲天炉实现双联熔炼；制芯工部引进德国冷芯盒制芯机，同时安装了一条国产呋喃树脂自硬砂坭芯生产线。拥有英国的电子金相显微镜、美国的直读光谱仪，德国的三坐标划线仪检测仪器，工装模具设计和制造全部应用 CADCAE 技术。目前可以生产单件重 50-500Kg 的各类汽车和拖拉机灰铸铁及球墨铸铁件，已形成年产 35000 吨的生产能力。铸铁厂内的机械制造有型腔，压铸，还有浇注系统，分型剂的作用是为了便于起模。铸铁厂的工序有：砂芯形成内腔熔化浇注冷却道（空冷） ；砂芯内放入原材料的砂子，熔化浇注的控制温度为 1400，温差不超过5。浇注系统的铁水包里有硅，锌，铁，孟等化学元素，浇注机内可以测温度已控制铁

36、水包的温度。熔化车间的工序为：熔化升温浇注（防孕育剂）冷却；模具的工艺：压实烧结出丁整形浇注从冒口加压凝固；排气孔是便于内腔排气，砂芯表面要经过明火处理，自然烘干，防止表面结疤。一拖精密铸造厂，同样工作条件也不怎么好。随师傅进场后，一阵刺激的氨水味道便扑鼻而来，厂房由于年代久远，工人的工作条件比较艰苦。据师傅介绍，厂内主要有四个车间：执行车间、配砂车间、造型车间和清理车间。采用熔模铸造法生产，厂内随处可见摆放整齐的蜡模。我们参观时，一个车间内的工人正在对蜡模进行修整，我们本想上前与师傅进行交流，奈何厂内噪音太大，只好作罢。通过师傅的讲解和自己的观察，发现该厂主要采用熔模铸造法生产，熔模铸is

37、responsible for Organization training, and implementation, and check; 12, master workshops annual economic indicators of implementation, reporting to financial health on a regular basis; 13, is responsible for the daily oversight in the allocation and use of funds; 14, responsible for all Department

38、 statistics, collecting, sorting, reporting of accounting reports; 15, the company responsible for the supervision of the Treasury, including the “third grade“ library, a library of materials, products for regular inventory handling, sampling, storage monitoring, the picking work, and provide the in

39、ventory report, and make the appropriate accounting treatment; 16, responsible for waste and recycling, transportation and settlement; 17, is responsible for all product sales accounting functions; 18, responsible for the companys raw materials, auxiliary materials, account management; 19, is respon

40、sible for the flow of control of all assets of the company, according to the changes in accounting treatment of fixed assets and assets to the departments responsible for clearing, settlement and asset monthly report submitted to the asset management section of the Finance Department of the company

41、organized on a company-wide special inspection of asset management; 20, according to the companys business activities, monthly projects involved in the business activities of the company (including expenses, business management, cost control, cash flow, revenue, etc) financial analysis, provide a ba

42、sis for decisions for the company, the business of the company responsible for monitoring, forecasting and risk analysis; 21, responsible for the settlement of transactions with the Bank; 22, is造的工艺流程如下：制作母模制作压型制作蜡模制作型壳脱蜡焙烧和造型浇注脱壳 。熔模铸造尺寸精确，铸件表面光洁，无分型面，不必在加工或少加工。熔模铸造工序较多，生产周期较长，受型壳强度限制，铸件重量一般不超过 25k

43、g,适用于多种金属及合金的中小型、薄壁、复杂铸件的生产。第二铸造厂内分为制芯车间，备渣车间，造型车间，清洁车间。在制芯车间内，工人把沙子压制成模型，再把造型砂烘干，这些沙子是一次性的，下沙过程中加入氨气，使沙子更快捷地固化起来，最后一步就是清理，涂上防锈漆，抛丸：放入封闭室内，四面向其喷射高压空气，最后一步骤就是检查毛刺是否已经清理干净。主要步骤和工艺流程为：原砂混砂制芯造型浇铸冷却清理成品。（二）锻压厂第一拖拉机股份有限公司锻造分公司始建于 1956 年， 现有员工 1100 多人，其中专业技术人员 117 人，生产区占地面积平方米，固定资产 2 亿元，年锻件生产能力 50000 吨，品种

44、800 多个。主要生产 0.23300 公斤、2m 以内的锻件。产品结构：1农机行业 25%；2承载业务 70%75% ；3外贸产品 5%。工装设备1下料设备：剪床 100t、500t、1000t 、1600t；圆锯床；2锻件生产设备：模锻锤：1、 2、3、5、10、16t；自由锻锤：150、400、750 公斤，1t 、3t；锻压机：1600、2000 、2500、4000、12500t;平锻机：225、500 、800、1250t；3热处理炉子：悬挂式、推杆式、小箱式；4表面处理设备：抛丸机：滚筒式、悬挂式；模锻锤工艺特点：精度高、加工余量小、节约材料；自由锻工艺特点：精度差、适合小批量生

45、产；平锻机工艺特点：生产杆类、孔类零件。参观路线：热处理车间平锻车间备料车间自由锻车间模锻车间is responsible for Organization training, and implementation, and check; 12, master workshops annual economic indicators of implementation, reporting to financial health on a regular basis; 13, is responsible for the daily oversight in the allocation an

46、d use of funds; 14, responsible for all Department statistics, collecting, sorting, reporting of accounting reports; 15, the company responsible for the supervision of the Treasury, including the “third grade“ library, a library of materials, products for regular inventory handling, sampling, storag

47、e monitoring, the picking work, and provide the inventory report, and make the appropriate accounting treatment; 16, responsible for waste and recycling, transportation and settlement; 17, is responsible for all product sales accounting functions; 18, responsible for the companys raw materials, auxi

48、liary materials, account management; 19, is responsible for the flow of control of all assets of the company, according to the changes in accounting treatment of fixed assets and assets to the departments responsible for clearing, settlement and asset monthly report submitted to the asset management

49、 section of the Finance Department of the company organized on a company-wide special inspection of asset management; 20, according to the companys business activities, monthly projects involved in the business activities of the company (including expenses, business management, cost control, cash flow, revenue, etc) financial analysis, provide a basis for decisions for the company, the business of the company responsible for monitoring, forecasting and risk analysis; 21, resp