在中国发展循环经济：跨越式发展的挑战和机遇【外文翻译】.doc

1、本科毕业论文外文翻译译文标题在中国发展循环经济跨越式发展的挑战和机遇资料来源国际可持续发展与全球生态学杂志作者YONGGENGANDBRENTDOBERSTEIN中国循环经济的理念，最初是从德国和日本，它包含一个愿景，形成一个较为封闭的循环社会。它主张，经济制度，可以而且应该根据驱动器的自然系统的材料和能源的循环原则。这些包括生态系统能带来的性能，通过的必不可少的材料和能源回收，一个有机体的废物的能力，被用来作为一种资源由另一种生物，并通过自我组织能力。不同物种之间的竞争是激烈的，而且部分，有助于在动态发展和生态系统的变化。这种自然的比喻可以和应当适用于经济生态系统，不同的企业在同一地理区域内

2、定位，有着共同的基础设施和服务，和对资源的竞争，最终的经济生存。在实施循环经济的理念，工业生态系统，可以创建功能不同企业之间的副产品的交流，增加企业的相互依赖性，降低了经营风险，减少污染，并有可能改善公众形象。这个概念在中国具有特殊的价值，资源的浪费和意外环境成果，阻碍了该国的快速发展。在这种状态下，循环经济的理念，已通过中国政府作为一个国家科学发展战略的主要组成部分。在学术上，与循环经济有关的研究活动已经广泛实施2002年以来的概念在中国的正式验收。提供资金，由各级政府，无论是理论和应用研究已开展。例如，学者发表他们的研究成果，就如何制定适当的政策，促进循环经济。这些研究表明，各国政府应发挥

3、主导作用，在促进改革现行的法律概念，制定新的法规，促进新的环保技术的应用，并举办公众教育。有关循环经济的研究和开发工作已经由双方政府和企业界的支持。研发应用领域包括燃料电池，清洁能源和可再生能源，水和能源的节能技术，生态工业园区的规划，流程集成，绿色建筑，逆向物流，废物减量化，生态设计和其他。此外，以衡量循环经济的应用，研究有关项目的开发和使用的量化指标的表现已经开展。分别通过测量经济，环境和社会绩效的定量措施，从业者将能够创建一个实现整体生态效益和循环经济的路线图。在实际意义上，循环经济是通过所谓的“三个圈”的实施。第一圈包括一套企业级（微观层面）的举措，如制造工厂，废物减量化，清洁生产和环

4、境管理系统（EMS）的生态设计。迄今为止，已经在微观层面的循环经济清洁生产的最重要和成功的活动。随着中国的清洁生产促进法“于2003年1月的颁布，清洁生产的概念已被接受为一种新的现实，全国各地的企业。到目前为止，已实施清洁生产示范项目在24个省，涉及的工业领域的多元化，包括化工，建材，石化，医药，机械制造，采矿，纺织，电厂，冶金工业，轻工业，运输和电子行业。为了促进这一概念，一个国家清洁生产中心，4个工业部门清洁生产中心（即石油化工，化工，冶金行业和飞机制造），和11名当地清洁生产中心已经建立。这些中心已举办了550个培训课程，已培训超过16,000人。此外，修订后的法律对固体废物污染防治和控

5、制已在2005年4月1日日起生效。该法进一步规定，公司管理的固体废物和尽量减少废物元等。第二圈是在企业间的水平（中观层次），生态工业园区（电子信息产品）已发起利用工业副产品，如热能，废水和制造废物。为了促进EIP的项目的发展，国家环境保护总局（SEPA）已经发布了国家电子信息产品的指导方针。这概括了中国规划的电子信息产品的方法，强调建立综合材料，水和能源管理系统，在工业园区水平。这种集成方法，鼓励租户公司之间的生态工业网络的创建和维护。通过支持绿色供应链管理和逆向物流（即一切从包装材料回收或重新设计，以减少能源和污染造成产品交付），工业园区管理者可以实现他们的目标减少整体废物，同时最大限度地提

6、高资源利用效率。还应当指出的是，中国的工业园区有生产和住宅区的双重职能。一个典型的中国工业园区的工业生产区，科研区，住宅区，商业和服务区，工业园区以制造业为主的北美模式是不同的。因此，EIP的指引鼓励EIP的规划者，工业和住宅方面的考虑纳入其计划，主张EIP的建议应包括紧急应变计划及社区环保教育计划，以提高当地的能力，应对突发事件。该准则还要求建立一个特定的EIP工作组，协调实施EIP的计划和创建的论坛，在那里所有利益相关者可以考虑他们的意见。新准则的发布，EIP的概念已成为流行的国家。元（2006）发现，有超过100个工业园区已EIP的原则为指导。在这些已选择了16个EIP项目由国家环保总局

7、作为国家电子信息产品示范项目，以目前的发展模式，为其他地区和工业部门的各种，并总结有关经验和教训。第三圈循环经济的理念是在社会层面（宏观层面）。典型的活动，包括发展生态城市和省市。城市政府，包括上海，杭州，扬州和广州，和辽宁省人民政府，海南，江苏为建设一个生态城市或生态省建立自己的计划。前两个层次不同的是，这个级别参加生产和消费问题。从生产的角度，循环经济的理念，鼓励建立区域生态工业网络，旨在建立一个循环型社会，优化材料使用生态效益。“清道夫”的公司，进行废物回收，再利用，维修和再制造功能，以及“分解”的公司，从而使分解成可重复使用的有机，金属，塑料和其他组件复杂的废物回收，正在由地方政府推动

8、。优惠的工业和金融政策（如租金低廉的土地和低息贷款）正在起草，以便这些公司的业务。从消费的角度看，循环经济的理念，鼓励建立一个节约型社会，寻求降低总的消耗和浪费的生产。个人和政府都鼓励减少消费的影响，旨在引导消费者远离浪费的消费形式，有利于在日常生活中的能源保存和环保。例如，城镇居民现在的农产品在超市，没有农药喷洒的选择。一些工业产品，如再生纸，被贴上了“绿色产品”，而对环境不友好的产品，如氟氯化碳（氟氯化碳）等制冷设备的生产，将分阶段在2007年淘汰（世界银行，2005年）。外文文献原文TITLEDEVELOPINGTHECIRCULARECONOMYINCHINACHALLENGESAND

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16、OTINGTHEAPPLICATIONOFNEWENVIRONMENTALTECHNOLOGIES,ANDORGANISINGPUBLICEDUCATIONRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTEFFORTSRELATEDTOTHECIRCULARECONOMYHAVEBEENSUPPORTEDBYBOTHGOVERNMENTANDTHECORPORATEWORLDAREASOFRZHAOETAL2003,MOREOVER,INORDERTOMEASURETHEPERFORMANCEOFCIRCULARECONOMYAPPLICATIONS,RESEARCHPROJECTSRELATED

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24、EATIONANDMAINTENANCEOFECOINDUSTRIALNETWORKSAMONGTENANTCOMPANIESBYSUPPORTINGGREENSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTANDREVERSELOGISTICSIEEVERYTHINGFROMRECYCLINGORREDESIGNINGPACKAGINGMATERIALSTOREDUCINGTHEENERGYANDPOLLUTIONCAUSEDBYPRODUCTDELIVERYROGERSANDTIBBENLEMBKE1998,INDUSTRIALPARKMANAGERSCANACHIEVETHEIRTARGETS

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29、YCONCEPTISATTHESOCIALLEVELMACROLEVELTYPICALACTIVITIESINCLUDETHEDEVELOPMENTOFECOCITIESANDECOPROVINCESCITYGOVERNMENTS,INCLUDINGSHANGHAI,HANGZHOU,YANGZHOUANDCUIYANG,ANDTHEPROVINCIALGOVERNMENTSOFLIAONING,HAINAN,JIANGSUANDJUINHAVEESTABLISHEDTHEIRPLANSFORCONSTRUCTINGANECOCITYORANECOPROVINCELOWEANDGENG2003

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