1、1本科毕业论文外文翻译外文文献译文标题通过零售商网站追踪顾客导向和市场营销能力一个以网络营销为例的战略方针资料来源MEASUREMENTANALYSISFORMARKETING,2010(18)作者TSIOTSOU,RODOULAH,RIGOPOULOU,IRINID,KEHAGIAS,JOHND1介绍顾客导向是一种已经被链接到客户价值和经营业绩的战略性方法。尽管现在在脱机情况下有一定数量的研究以顾客导向为目的的,但是限制了研究探讨顾客导向在在线环境中的作用。文献中的一些研究提供了关于怎样使顾客导向在因特网中的功能定位的混合结果。顾客导向作为公司的一种战略性方法,已经被建议作为连接互联网和商业
2、结果的中介作用。在B2B环境下,顾客导向已经被发现隐藏在因特网广告服务的商业结果下。近来,波达对有关网站顾客导向的质量意识和购买意愿进行了报道。顾客导向已经被连接到几个处于离线文学的市场营销能力当中。这个能力允许公司通过有效地协调,利用他们的资源和发展灵活的策略来扩大经营业绩。因特网作为一个单机资源在营销流程和能力中起到协助作用,例如提高产品的选择性和信息的交互性,以及社区和客户的个性化支持。此外,为客户的能力(如客户链接,服务质量)的发展提供了一个更加有效的零售组合的基础,并协助取得和维持竞争优势。2概念框架21顾客导向的作用认知成了顾客导向在市场定位中的最重要的组成部分。一个公司的营销观念
3、体现在行为和文化方面,是将客户放在他们的组织和发展的核心当中。德什潘德的理论框架,以市场为导向,认为顾客导向是重点和支持,市场导向组织的特点是通过一系列文化价值和信念将顾客兴趣放在首位。公司的顾客导向能够创造出优越的客户价值,结果是增强顾客满意度和品牌忠2诚度。增加顾客满意度和忠诚度是为了防止顾客交换行为,减少不必要的市场需求来吸引和维持客户,增加现金流量和公司价值,最后导致更高的利润。因此,顾客导向为可持续的竞争优势提供了基础,并且有助于财政业绩。22顾客导向与市场营销能力的链接一个作为连接顾客导向和业绩之间关系的中介行为的因素是市场营销能力。根据黛所说,营销能力是“复杂技能的约束和集体通过
4、组织过程的练习来确保优越的功能性的协调”。营销能力观点的维持为顾客导向创造了优越的营销能力,改善了他们的过程,而后导致了不同的优势。黛支持顾客导向影响一个公司的市场营销能力的观点,特别是市场营销观念和客户关系管理。事实上,威海斯提供了认为顾客导向是一个积极与市场营销能力有关的实证研究结果,例如市场搜索,产品开发,促销,市场管理等等。塞瑟的一个研究报告指出企业的市场营销能力是以顾客服务为本,例如服务质量,为各种顾客提供服务营销支持,技术应用和产品推广。结果,一个合适的企业策略的组合和优越的市场营销能力应当获得一个好的竞争优势和较高的经营业绩。斯莱特和纳维尔建议顾客服务和创新作为驱动顾客导向和经营
5、业绩关系的两个核心,应该具有创造性营销能力价值。23高低产品渗入的网站参与是顾客行为的一种主要决定因素,尤其是信息处理,搜索行为和购买意愿。参与是“一个人在知觉上根据内在的价值和兴趣的相关性需求”和“买家花大量的时间和精力在搜索、评估和决策投资的消费行为的过程”。市场营销文学将参与划分为“产品涉入”和“消费者参与”。当指向“消费者参与”时,调查的主要对象是消费者本身及他的行为。相反的,“产品涉入”是指影响和刺激消费者的认知及行为反应的产品类。传统的,当提到产品涉入时,市场营销意味着高或低涉入的产品和产品类别。产品等级的不同是根据产品的重要性、效用和价值、知觉风险,以及努力和不确定性的参与程度进
6、行划分。有关参与的类型有足够的经验证据和顾客对产品风险(财政、物质、社会心理和时间)的知觉强度,是对一个人的个性和享乐价值的体现。因为,“风险”和“努力”促进参与,产品参与与顾客对产品知觉的重要性积极相关。营销文学揭示了快速移动的产品是低涉入的产品类别。然而耐用的产品(例如汽车,电子装备)是高涉入的产品类别。根据同样的观点,信任服务(例如人生保险)是高涉入产品,然而体验服务(例如度假和娱乐)是低涉入的产品类别。324网站和研究程序的样本根据希腊宣传指南,其研究的例子由64个在广告和促销上花费较高的零售商的网站组成。10个研究助理(5个男性和5个女性)都是大学生和互联网的有经验的用户,单独使用I
7、E浏览器浏览选定地点。每个助理被要求在搜索整个网站时至少投入半个小时在选定的网站上。为了增加在评估过程中的信任度,每个网站被两个研究助理评估。当他们的意见不同时,甚至只有一点不同,两个研究助理一起检查网站,并确定最终的意见。通过这个程序,我们设置了账户间可靠的编码器,他是指两个或更多的编码器的协议或通信。这与诺因多夫的方法,即建议在研究过程中将此作为改善人类编码时涉及的必要的生产线相符合。最后,我们的举例包括64个零售商服务(银行、保险、电信和旅馆)和产品(食品/饮料和耐用品)。网站作为高低参与的类别是按照市场宣传资料对以前的产品类别进行分类的。这个产品涉入的分类(高或低)在市场上和广告文学上
8、是有据可循的,因此,它已经被我们的研究采用了。这个样本是由38个高涉入产品的网站和26个低涉入产品分类组成的。3结果根据他们的营销组合要素对样本网站的描述起初,为了增加该网站的一个基本情况,我们主要研究了在他们营销组合覆盖范围内的网站内容和其他的有关市场的内容。对这个网站内容的分析,除了通用部件以外,是由两部分组成的。第一部分包括涉及到的公司要素,而第二部分则涵盖了市场营销组合因素。所有公司的研究元素都呈现在网站上(覆盖率为476到100)。关于公司信息,两个最重要的涵盖内容是“公司历史”(涵盖率为875)和“分区设施”(部门)(涵盖率为804)。其余九个项目与法律问题的计算,目前呈现出比较低
9、的百分比,只有373。市场营销信息元素呈现出在222到381变化的最低覆盖率。营销组合要素的分数(覆盖80以上)显示了“产品”和“顾客服务”是最经常使用的组件。值得一提的是,虽然传统网站被认为是一个沟通和分配的工具,其最常用的工具“促销”,是指利用相对较少的产品和顾客服务。至于高与低涉入产品的网站,23/64的案件中的每两个类别之间存在显著差异。因为二进制数据的应用,通过被雇佣的测试来检验这些不同。大多数的不同是指“市场信息”、“企业信息”、“内部顾客”等等。更精确地是公司之间的两组显著差异。44未来研究的建议/限制理论价值和实际意义可以从这项研究得出结果,尽管做进一步的研究被提到有许多限制条
10、件。首先,我们只研究在希腊的企业操作和希腊的语言网站。因为一些调查企业是国际上的,通过国家和文化与零售商网站进行比较,他们网站的策略方向是一个有价值的资产。其次,研究结果仅仅反应了一些希腊网站,每个研究都应该谨慎地概括调查结果,直到其他研究验证这些结果,作为探索者应当审慎的考虑它们。然而,为了增加产品分类参与的应用,这里被作为一个歧视的因素。其他的因素,例如公司的规模、出口活动和行业类型在战略方向应当被用于鉴别不同之处。第三,研究的短缺指的是它的重点在于一个战略方向、顾客导向上。进一步的研究有必要探讨其他战略取向度(例如,一个竞争者、技术和学习倾向)在零售商网站的反映。鉴别构成有望的研究议程在
11、网络营销中是一种最合适的和最有效的战略方向。第四,研究人员可以运用开发的离线的计量工具来研究企业开发的网站。尽管这个研究的修改用于反映网络环境的规模,但是它没有提供其有效性、收敛性和歧视在这一方面的有效证据。因此,未来研究应当着重于发展在线环境中顾客导向和市场营销能力的措施。此外,进一步研究倡议将在线和离线环境的顾客导向和市场营销能力进行比较,并且鉴别他们的不同之处和相同之处。5外文文献原文TITLETRACINGCUSTOMERORIENTATIONANDMARKETINGCAPABILITIESTHROUGHRETAILERSWEBSITESASTRATEGICAPPROACHTOINTE
12、RNETMARKETINGMATERIALSOURCEMEASUREMENTANALYSISFORMARKETING,2010(18)AUTHORTSIOTSOU,RODOULAH,RIGOPOULOU,IRINID,KEHAGIAS,JOHND1INTRODUCTIONCUSTOMERORIENTATIONISASTRATEGICAPPROACHTHATHASBEENLINKEDTOCUSTOMERVALUEANDBUSINESSPERFORMANCEALTHOUGHTHEREISACONSIDERABLENUMBEROFSTUDIESFOCUSINGONCUSTOMERORIENTATIO
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16、INTERACTIVITY,PERSONALIZATION,COMMUNITYANDCUSTOMERSUPPORTFURTHERMORE,CAPABILITIESRELATEDTOCUSTOMERSFOREXAMPLE,CUSTOMERLINKING,SERVICEQUALITYPROVIDETHEFOUNDATIONFORDEVELOPINGAMOREEFFECTIVERETAILMIXANDASSISTINGAININGANDSUSTAININGACOMPETITIVEADVANTAGE2CONCEPTUALFRAMEWORK21THEROLEOFCUSTOMERORIENTATIONCU
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22、RELATEDTOMARKETINGCAPABILITIESSUCHASMARKETRESEARCH,PRODUCTDEVELOPMENT,PROMOTION,MARKETINGMANAGEMENTANDOTHERSARECENTSTUDYBYTSIOTSOUREPORTSTHATCUSTOMERORIENTEDSERVICESFIRMSDEVELOPMARKETINGCAPABILITIESSUCHASSERVICEQUALITY,SERVICEVARIETYCUSTOMERSSERVICE,MARKETINGSUPPORT,TECHNOLOGYUSAGEANDPRODUCTPROMOTIO
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25、ALUATIONANDDECISIONPROCESSESOFCONSUMERBEHAVIORTHEMARKETINGLITERATUREDISTINGUISHESINVOLVEMENTINTOPRODUCTINVOLVEMENTANDCONSUMERINVOLVEMENTWHENREFERRINGTOCONSUMERINVOLVEMENT,THESUBJECTOFINVESTIGATIONISTHEACTORANDHIS/HERBEHAVIORTOTHECONTRARY,PRODUCTINVOLVEMENTREFERSTOPRODUCTCLASSESWHICHEVOKEINTERESTORIN
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27、RTANDUNCERTAINTYTHEREISSUFFICIENTEMPIRICALEVIDENCETHATRELATESINVOLVEMENTTOTHETYPEANDINTENSITYOFCUSTOMERSPERCEIVEDPRODUCTRISKFINANCIAL,PHYSICAL,PSYCHOSOCIALAND/ORTIMEGENERATED,THEEXPRESSIONOFONESPERSONALITYANDHEDONICVALUEBECAUSE,RISKANDEFFORTSTIMULATEINVOLVEMENT,PRODUCTINVOLVEMENTPOSITIVELYCORRELATES
28、WITHTHEPERCEIVEDPRODUCTIMPORTANCETOTHECONSUMERLITERATUREREVEALSTHATFASTMOVINGGOODSAREPRODUCTCLASSESOFLOWINVOLVEMENT,WHILEDURABLEGOODSFOREXAMPLE,CARSANDELECTRONICAPPLIANCESAREPRODUCTCLASSESOFHIGHINVOLVEMENTUNDERTHESAMEPOINTOFVIEW,CREDENCESERVICESFOREXAMPLE,LIFEINSURANCEAREHIGHINVOLVEMENTPRODUCTS,WHIL
29、EEXPERIENTIALSERVICESFOREXAMPLE,VACATIONSANDENTERTAINMENTARELOWINVOLVEMENTPRODUCTCATEGORIES24SAMPLEOFWEBSITESANDRESEARCHPROCEDURETHESAMPLEOFTHESTUDYCONSISTEDOF64WEBSITESOFRETAILERSWITHTHEHIGHESTSPENDINGINADVERTISING/PROMOTIONACCORDINGTOTHEGREEKPUBLICITYGUIDETENRESEARCHASSISTANTSFIVEMALEANDFIVEFEMALE
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31、ESEARCHASSISTANTSWHENTHEIROPINIONSDIFFERED,EVENSLIGHTLY,THETWOASSISTANTSEXAMINEDTHESITESTOGETHERANDDETERMINEDTHEFINALRATINGSFOLLOWINGTHISPROCEDURE,WEMANAGEDTOACCOUNTFORINTERCODERRELIABILITY,8WHICHISTHEAMOUNTOFAGREEMENTORCORRESPONDENCEAMONGTWOORMORECODERSTHISISINLINEWITHNEUENDORFSAPPROACHWHICHSUGGEST
32、STHISPROCESSASNECESSARYFORIMPROVINGRELIABILITYWHENHUMANCODERSAREINVOLVEDINTHERESEARCHPROCESSFINALLY,OURSAMPLEINCLUDED64RETAILERSOFSERVICESBANKS,INSURANCES,TELECOMMUNICATIONSANDHOTELSANDGOODSFOOD/BEVERAGESANDDURABLESTHEWEBSITESWERECATEGORIZEDASHIGHANDLOWINVOLVEMENTBASEDONPREVIOUSCATEGORIZATIONSOFPROD
33、UCTCATEGORIESMADEINTHEMARKETINGLITERATURETHISTAXONOMYOFPRODUCTINVOLVEMENTHIGHANDLOWISWELLDOCUMENTEDINTHEMARKETINGANDADVERTISINGLITERATUREANDTHEREFORE,ITHASBEENADOPTEDINOURSTUDYTHUS,THESAMPLECONSISTEDOF38WEBSITESOFHIGHINVOLVEMENTPRODUCTSAND26LOWINVOLVEMENTPRODUCTCATEGORIES3RESULTSDESCRIPTIONOFTHESAMP
34、LEWEBSITESBASEDONTHEIRMARKETINGMIXELEMENTSINITIALLY,WEEXAMINEDTHEMATICALLYTHECONTENTOFWEBSITESINTERMSOFTHEIRCOVERAGEOFTHEMARKETINGMIXANDOTHERMARKETRELATEDELEMENTSINORDERTOGAINABASICOVERVIEWOFTHEWEBSITESTHEANALYSISOFTHEWEBSITESCONTENT,APARTFROMTHEGENERALCOMPONENTS,ISCOMPRISEDOFTWOPARTSTHEFIRSTPARTINC
35、LUDESELEMENTSTHATRELATETOTHECOMPANYANDTHEMARKETWHEREASTHESECONDPARTCOVERSELEMENTSOFTHEMARKETINGMIXALLTHECOMPANYELEMENTSEXAMINEDWEREPRESENTINTHEWEBSITESCOVERAGEFROM476TO100PERCENTREGARDINGCOMPANYINFORMATION,THETWOMOSTCOVEREDELEMENTSARETHEHISTORYOFTHECOMPANY875PERCENTCOVERAGEANDTHEDIVISIONALBUTTONSDEP
36、ARTMENTS804PERCENTCOVERAGETHEREMAININGNINEITEMSPRESENTLOWERPERCENTAGESOFCOVERAGEWITHTHELASTLAWISSUESACCOUNTINGFORONLY373PERCENTTHEMARKETINFORMATIONITEMSPRESENTTHELOWESTCOVERAGERATINGSRANGINGFROM222TO381PERCENTTHESCORESOFTHEMARKETINGMIXELEMENTSSHOWTHATPRODUCTANDCUSTOMERSERVICEWERETHEMOSTOFTENUTILIZED
37、COMPONENTSCOVERAGEABOVE80PERCENTITISWORTHTOMENTIONTHATALTHOUGHTRADITIONALLY,AWEBSITEISCONSIDEREDACOMMUNICATIONANDADISTRIBUTIONALVEHICLE,THEMOSTFREQUENTLYUSEDELEMENTOFPROMOTIONWASSLIGHTLYLESSUTILIZEDCOMPARINGTOPRODUCTANDCUSTOMERSERVICEREGARDINGTHEWEBSITESOFHIGHVERSUSLOWINVOLVEMENTPRODUCTS,23OUTOFTHE6
38、49CASESPRESENTSTATISTICALLYSIGNIFICANTDIFFERENCESBETWEENTHETWOCATEGORIESBECAUSEOFTHEUSEOFBINARYDATA,THEMANNWHITNEYUTESTWASEMPLOYEDTOEXAMINETHESESDIFFERENCESMOSTOFTHESEDIFFERENCESREFERTOMARKETINFORMATION,COMPANYINFORMATION,INTERNALCUSTOMERSANDTHEOTHERMOREPRECISELY,STATISTICALLYSIGNIFICANTDIFFERENCESB
39、ETWEENTHETWOGROUPSOFCOMPANIES4FUTURERESEARCHRECOMMENDATIONS/LIMITATIONSTHEORETICALVALUEANDPRACTICALRELEVANCECOULDBEDERIVEDFROMTHEFINDINGSOFTHISSTUDYTHOUGHSOMELIMITATIONSTHATPOINTTODIRECTIONSFORFURTHERRESEARCHNEEDTOBEMENTIONEDFIRST,WESTUDIEDONLYFIRMSOPERATINGINGREECEANDHAVINGWEBSITESINTHEGREEKLANGUAG
40、EBECAUSESOMEOFTHEINVESTIGATEDFIRMSAREINTERNATIONAL,COMPARINGTHESTRATEGICORIENTATIONSOFTHEIRWEBSITESWITHRETAILERSWEBSITESACROSSCOUNTRIESANDCULTURESWOULDBEAVALUABLEASSETSECOND,THERESULTSOFTHESTUDYREFLECTONLYAFEWGREEKWEBSITESANDONESHOULDGENERALIZETHEFINDINGSWITHCAUTIONUNTILOTHERSTUDIESVALIDATETHESERESU
41、LTS,ITWOULDBEPRUDENTTOCONSIDERTHEMASEXPLORATORYHOWEVER,INADDITIONTOPRODUCTCATEGORYINVOLVEMENTUSEDHEREASADISCRIMINATINGFACTOR,OTHERFACTORSSUCHASFIRMSIZE,EXPORTACTIVITYANDTYPEOFSECTORSHOULDBEUSEDTOIDENTIFYDIFFERENCESINSTRATEGICORIENTATIONSTHETHIRDSHORTCOMINGOFTHESTUDYREFERSTOITSFOCUSONONESTRATEGICORIE
42、NTATION,CUSTOMERORIENTATIONADDITIONALRESEARCHISNECESSARYTOINVESTIGATETHEDEGREEOFOTHERSTRATEGICORIENTATIONSFOREXAMPLE,ACOMPETITOR,TECHNOLOGICALORLEARNINGORIENTATIONREFLECTEDONTHERETAILERSWEBSITESIDENTIFYINGTHEMOSTAPPROPRIATEANDEFFECTIVESTRATEGICORIENTATIONSININTERNETMARKETINGCONSTITUTESANOTHERPROMISI
43、NGRESEARCHAGENDAFOURTH,RESEARCHERSCANUSEMEASUREMENTSCALESDEVELOPEDOFFLINETOSTUDYTHEWEBSITESDEVELOPEDBYCOMPANIESALTHOUGHTHISSTUDYMODIFIEDTHESCALESUSEDTOREFLECTTHEONLINEENVIRONMENT,ITDIDNOTPROVIDEEVIDENCEOFTHEIRVALIDITY,CONVERGENTANDDISCRIMINATEVALIDITYINTHISCONTEXTTHEREFORE,FUTURESTUDIESSHOULDFOCUSONDEVELOPINGCUSTOMERORIENTATIONANDMARKETINGCAPABILITIESMEASURESINTHEONLINEENVIRONMENTMOREOVER,FUTURERESEARCHINITIATIVESSHOULDCOMPARECUSTOMERORIENTATIONANDMARKETINGCAPABILITIESONLINEANDOFFLINE,ANDIDENTIFYDIFFERENCESANDSIMILARITIES
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