1、EpilepsyGeneral Considerationsn A seizure is a sudden, transient disturbance of brain function, manifested by involuntary motor, sensory, autonomic, or psychic phenomena, alone or in any combination, often accompanied by alteration or loss of consciousness.n A seizure may occur after a metabolic, tr
2、aumatic, anoxic, or infectious insult to the brain.n Repeated seizures without evident cause justify the label of epilepsy.General Considerationsn Incidence is greatest in early and late life, with a prevalence of approximately 3 6 .n Chance of having a second seizure after an initial unprovoked epi
3、sode is 30%.n Chance of remission from epilepsy in childhood is 80%.General Considerationsn Recurrence rate after the withdrawal of drugs is about 30%.n Idiopathic or genetic epilepsy most often appears between ages 4 and 16 yaers.General Considerationsn Factors adversely influencing recurrence incl
4、ude:n Difficulty in getting the seizures under controln Neurologic dysfunction or mental retardationn Age at onset under 2 yearsn Abnormal EEG at the time of discontinuing medication n Type of epilepsyEtiologyn Genetic factor n Brain damage and dysmetabolism n Inbornn Acquired n Causative factorClas
5、sificationn Classified by etiologyn Idiopathic (essential) epilepsy n Symptomatic (secondary) epilepsyn Cryptogenic epilepsyClassificationn Classified by epileptic seizuresn Partial (foal, local) seizuresnSimple partial seizures, without impairment of consciousnessn With motor signsn With somatosens
6、ory or special-sensory symptomsn With autonomic symptoms or signsn With psychic symptomsClassificationn Classified by epileptic seizuresn Complex partial seizures, with impairment of consciousnessn Partial seizures evolving to secondarily generalized seizuresClassificationn Classified by epileptic seizuresn Generalized seizures n Absence seizuresn Typical absencen Atypical absencen Myoclonic seizuresn Clonic seizuresn Tonic seizuresn Tonic-clonic seizuresn Atonic seizuresn Infant spasm, tonic-spasmn Unclassified epileptic seizures
