现在完成时态和过去时态的比较.doc

1、现在完成时态要点 1：现在完成时态表示(1)目前已经完成的动作(2) 刚刚完成的动作 (3)从过去某一刻发生，现在仍然延续着的动作或情况（4）这个时态强调动作对现在的影响。 The conference has lasted for five days. 会议已经开了五天。 He has just bought an unusual car. 他刚刚买到一辆不一般的小轿车。 要点 2：当句子中出现表示到现在为止这段时间的状语时，谓语动词一般用现在完成时: 这类状语有：up to now, up till now, so far, these days, this summer, for 后面接

2、一段时间的短语或 since 等: We havent seen each other again since we graduated in 1987.1987 年毕业后我们就一直没见面。 Up till now we have established ten projects. 到目前为止我们共上了十个项目。 So far they have only learned the first three chapters. 到现在为止他们只学了前三章。 We havent had much rain this summer. 今年夏天没下多少雨。 一般过去时态要点 1：一般过去时表示(1)过去

3、某个特定时间发生，并且一下子就完成了的动作（即：非持续性动作） ，也可以表示(2)过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过去。 I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。(1) He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子，烟抽得可凶了。(2) 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before,

4、 a few days ago, when 等等。 句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时，取决于动作是否对现在有影响。 Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗？（意思是说你现在不饿吗？） Yes, I have. 是的，我已经吃过了。 （意思是说已经吃饱了，不想再吃了。 ） When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的？（关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。） I had it about ten minutes ago. 我是大约十分钟以前吃的。 Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。 I used to

5、work fourteen hours a day. 过去常常一天干十四个小时。用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Zhao _(hurry) off to look after the man.2. Jim _(make) many friends since he _(come) to China.3. They _(know) each other for about ten years.4. He _ already _(write) a letter to the factory to ask them

6、to stop making noise.5. When _ she _(leave)?Two hours ago.6. _ you _(see) the film before?Yes, I _.Where _ you _(see) it?At The Queens Cinema.7. Thank you all the same, Mr. Black, but I dont eat sweets.Oh, I am sorry. I _(not know) that.8. They usually _(go) fishing when they lived there.9. How long

7、 _ she _(be) ill?10. They didnt start to work in the field until the rain _(stop).II. 按要求完成句子。 A)句型转换。1. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Zhao _(hurry) off to look after the man.2. Jim _(make) many friends since he _(come) to China.3. They _(know) each other for about ten years.4. He _ alre

8、ady _(write) a letter to the factory to ask them to stop making noise.5. When _ she _(leave)?Two hours ago.6. _ you _(see) the film before?Yes, I _.Where _ you _(see) it?At The Queens Cinema.7. Thank you all the same, Mr. Black, but I dont eat sweets.Oh, I am sorry. I _(not know) that.8. They usuall

9、y _(go) fishing when they lived there.9. How long _ she _(be) ill?10. They didnt start to work in the field until the rain _(stop).B)同义句转换,每空一词。4. My father came back the day before yesterday.My father has _ _ for two days.5. My uncle bought the new car two months ago.My uncle has _ the new car _ tw

10、o months ago.6. They left Changsha an hour ago.They have _ _ _ Changsha for an hour.7. The film began ten minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for ten minutes.8. The old man died 5 years ago.The old man _ _ _ for 5 years. III. 单项填空。1. Im sorry, Cathy, I _ your radio for such a long time.Never mind.A. have bor

11、rowed B. have lent C. have kept D. have returned2. Where have you _ these days? I have _ to Yangzhou with my friends.A. been, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. gone, gone3. Where is your father? We havent seen each other for weeks._.A. He has been to America B. He has gone to EnglandC. He is going

12、 to Australia4. They have _ since the factory opened.A. left the school B. joined the team C. become workers D. worked here 5. Jim _ the Great Wall many times.A. went to B. goes to C. has gone to D. has been to6. It _ ten years since they _ to France.A. was, moved B. was, have moved C. is, have move

13、d D. is, moved 7. _ to the United States?No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.A. Have you been B. Have you gone C. Did you go D. Will you go8. I wont go to see the film tonight because I _ my ticket.A. didnt lose B. have lost C. will lose D. didnt have9. Miss Wu has taught in this school

14、_.A. for ten years B. ten years ago C. since ten years D. for ten years ago10. I _ todays homework already. What about you?A. have finished B. finish C. to finish D. finishing 11. Ann has gone to Shanghai.So _ her parents.A. has B. had C. did D. have列表分析一般过去时态和现在完成时态的区别过去时态 现在完成时态过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述

15、过去的事情，强调动作； 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now,现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till / until, up to now, in past years, always,共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight,this April, now,

16、 once，before, already, recently，lately 过去时常用的非持续性动词有 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know.I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） Why did you get up so early?（强调起床

17、的动作已发生过了。）Who hasnt handed in his paper? （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined 为短暂行为。)He became a League member three years ago.(变成团员的，became 为瞬间动词)He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可

18、延续)He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)判断下面句子的对错。Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.Key: I. 1. hurried 2. has made, came 3. have known 4. has, written5. did, leave 6. Have, seen; have; did, see 7. didnt know8. went 9. has, been 10. stopped II. 1. How often did, go

19、2. hasnt, yet 3. have you 4. been back5. had, since 6. been away from 7. has been on 8. has been deadIII. 1-5 CBBDD 6-11 DABAAD5. did, leave 6. Have, seen; have; did, see 7. didnt know8. went 9. has, been 10. stopped II. 1. How often did, go 2. hasnt, yet 3. have you 4. been back5. had, since 6. been away from 7. has been on 8. has been deadIII. 1-5 CBBDD 6-11 DABAAD