浅析英语习语的影响因素.docx

1、 PINGDINGSHAN UNIVERSITY 毕业论文 题 目 : Analysis on the Influential Factors to English Idioms 院 系 : 外国语学院 专业年级 :2011 级英语专业（商务英语方向 ) 姓 名 : 匡翔宇 学 号 : 111020307 指导教师 : 许晓丽 讲师 2015 年 4 月 30 日 Thesis:Analysis on the Influential Factors to English Idioms 浅析英语习语的影响因素 School or Department: College of Foreign La

2、nguages Grade and Specialty: 2011, English （ Business English Direction） Name: Kuang Xiangyu Advisor:Xu Xiaoli(lecturer) April 30, 2015 原 创 性 声 明 本人郑重声明：本人所呈交的毕业论文，是在指导老师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的成果。毕业论文中凡引用他人已经发表或未发表的成果、数据、观点等，均已明确注明出处。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的科研成果。对本文的研究成果做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。

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4、关的学术论文或成果时，第一署名单位仍然为平顶山学院。 论文作者签名： 日 期： 指导老师签名： 日 期： i Analysis on the Influential Factors to English Idioms Abstract English idioms are crated under the specifical background of history and culture of British and American countries and last to now , itself is an important part of British and Americ

5、an culture, and also plays a role to record and inherit the history and culture. This paper starts to explore the relationship between language and culture and idioms, to analyze the relationships of English idioms with the development of geographic environment national history, customs, religious b

6、eliefs, fable myths and several important cultural sides. The purpose of this article is to explain that only the language learners know the relationship between language and culture well ,can they learn and use language well， and make the language truly become a communicating tool to express their

7、emotion. Key words: English idioms; English culture; customs; religions; beliefs ii 浅析英语习语的影响因素 摘 要 英语习语是英、美国家特定的历史文化背景条件下产生并延续下来的，它本身是英美文化的重要组成部分，它起着记载、传承历史文化的作用。本文从探索语言、文化与习语的关系入手，分析英语习语与英语民族的地理环境、历史发展、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、寓言神话等几个重要文化侧面的关系。旨在向语言学习者说明只有对语言与文化的密切关系有所了解，才能学好语言，用好语言，使语言真正成为能传神达意的交际工具。 . 关键词： 英语习

8、语；英美文化；风俗习惯；宗教信仰 iii Table of Contents Abstract. i 摘要 . ii Table of Contents. iii Chapter 1 Introduction. 1 Chapter 2 The Rhetorical Devices of Idioms . 2 2.1 The Metaphor of Idioms . 2 2.2 The Integrity of Idioms . 3 2.3 The Harmonious Rhyme of Idioms. 3 Chapter 3 The Relationship between Idioms an

9、d the Geographic Environment . 4 3.1 The Relationship between the Geographical Location and the Idioms . 4 3.2 The Relationship between the Climate and the Idioms. 4 3.3 The Relationship between the Industry and the Idioms . 5 Chapter 4 The Relationship between Idioms and the Historical Development

10、. 6 4.1 The Influence of the Roman Conquest on the English Idioms . 6 4.2 The Influence of the Scandinavian Invasions on English Idioms . 6 4.3 The Influence of the Norman Conquest on English Idioms. 7 4.4 The Influence of the North American Colonies Independence to English Idioms. 7 4.5 The Influen

11、ce of the Two World Wars on English Idioms . 7 Chapter 5 The Relationship between Idioms and Customs . 9 5.1 The Influence of the Diet Customs on English Idioms . 9 5.2The Influence of the Pets Customs on English Idioms . 9 5.3 The Influence of the Names Customs on English Idioms. 10 5.4 The Influen

12、ce of the National Preferences and Taboo Customs on English Idioms. 10 5.5 The Influence of the Educational Concepts on English Idioms . 10 Chapter 6 The Relationship between Idioms vs. Religions and Beliefs . 11 Chapter 7 The Relationship between Idioms vs. Fables and Mythology . 13 Chapter 8 Concl

13、usion. . 15 Bibliography . 16 Acknowledgement . 17 Analysis on the Influential Factors to English Idioms 1 Chapter 1 Introduction Idioms, comprising metaphorical phrases, argots, colloquialisms, aphorisms, proverbs, and so on， are the significant part of the language glossary, and are the most ample

14、 cultural significance. These rhetoric techniques represent the concentration of language forms. After a long time, some characteristics of idioms are made: settled form, concise and vivid words, and profound significance. Idioms are the consequences of using language for a long time, and affect the

15、 English culture. Language is one of the most important parts of culture, its basic structural unit is the word, and through the word to record and reflect the specific geographical historical conditions, the progress of culture, and even the total human history. Generally speaking, culture includes

16、 the spiritual and material civilization that created in the process of social practices by human. Idiom is transferred, conveyed, recorded through the shape of language, later they are spoken, written and spread. Idioms are the basis of the existence and the development of language. Does not exist

17、language without culture, in turn, and there is no language preserved, the continuation and the development of culture would be limited. Idioms are invented under the production of labor, there are inseparable relationship among idioms and the national geographic environment, historical background,

18、manners and customs, religion and faith. Analysis on the Influential Factors to English Idioms 2 Chapter 2 The Rhetorical Devices of Idioms Idioms are the shapes of the succinct and profound phrases or terse sentences for the language learners. English idiom, originated and inherited from the tradit

19、ional culture of Britain and the United States, is a important part of English vocabulary, it recorded, inherited, reflected, attested even could reproduced the national culture of the country with humor and funny tone. 2.1 The Metaphor of Idioms Rhetorical devices of language are mostly focused on

20、the idioms, the analogy is one of the foremost important rhetoric ways, most idioms are used graphic metaphor to let the language be more lively. For example, in English “red cap” always called the “station remover”, because the removers do things with red hat， named the “waiter” as “bell boy”, beca

21、use the guest rings a doorbell in the hotel, the waiter would ran over to service. Speaking of the boring themes or articles in Chinese, they would say“味同嚼蜡 ”, make “have ones back to the wall” to be “山穷水尽 ” and so on. Metaphor can be split into simile, metaphor, metonymy and synecdoche, etc. Simile

22、 is the metaphor that appear ontology, metaphors and metaphor words. Such as “as proud as a peacock” , “as cool as a cucumber”, “as old as the hillsl” and so on.These idioms could express the meaning by the surface. Metaphor is the ontology and metaphors showing in the meantime,but doesnt exist meta

23、phor words. Such as： “the milky way”,people always think the galaxy is silver,and like a river. “have a lot of irons in the fire”， “out of bread”. Metonymy is to use another similar things express the ontology things to instead of the things of ontology. There is a idiom “red tape”(官样文件 ) in English

24、, it is said that the British always use red ribbon to tie up the official documents in the 17th century, it is widely believed that it is a symbol of British officialdom is lazy, and then people use red tape to refer to the bureaucracy. Synecdoche use a alike thing replace the ontology things inste

25、ad of the ontology Analysis on the Influential Factors to English Idioms 3 of things. Such as “earn ones bread”(养家糊口 ), in this idiom, “bread” is a kind of the necessaries of life, the part replaces all and refers to necessities.“Even Homer sometimes nods”, Homer Simpson (荷马 ) is one of the most dis

26、tinguished blind poet in ancient Greece in 9th to 8th century BC, he is good at learning and doing study, in another word, Homer is the symbol of wisdom and knowledge, the forefather of western civilization. The meaning of the idiom is “great person also have make a mistake”. 2.2 The Integrity of Id

27、ioms Idiom is independent and settled part of language. It always takes the form of phrases or short sentences, its meaning is not the sum of the parts sometimes. We must take it as a whole to understand and translate. Such as “to lose ones head”(惊慌失措 ) is not really lose ones head, but panic. The i

28、ntegrity of the idiom meaning also because a lot of the meaning of idioms often are used the national historical and cultural allusions and forms, has established the integral significance. “in the arms of Morpheus” (在睡梦里 ), “Morpheus”(摩耳普斯 ) is the god of sleeping dream in Greek myth. “Meet ones Wa

29、terloo”, the word “Waterloo” is the place of Napoleon was defeated in 1815. These idioms must be understand as a whole, cant explain it at random. Moreover, some of the idioms may not suit to the rules of grammar and logistic reasoning, such as “to have ones heart in ones mouth ”(大吃一惊 ), the surface

30、 meaning is“ to eat someones heart”, surely , its not right. 2.3 The Harmonious Rhyme of Idioms Idioms always use harmonious rhyme to make them catchy, easy to remember and animated. Many English idioms make alliteration, rhyme and repetition, and other methods increase the beauty of the voice and rhetorical effect. For example, “as busy as a bee”, “part and parcel”, “might and main”, all of them are alliteration， “as snug as a bug in a rug”, “by hook or by crook”,all of them are rhyme， “step by step”, “call a spade a spade”, all of them are repetition of rhetorical skills.