六级写作和翻译.doc

1、第一篇：传统文化类 【汉朝概况】 汉朝是中国历史上最重要的朝代之一。汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就。它最先向其他文化敞开大门，对外贸易兴旺。汉朝开拓的丝绸之路通向了中西亚乃至罗马。各类艺术一派繁荣，涌现了很多文学、历史、哲学巨著。公元 100 年中国第一部字典编撰完成，收入 9000 个字，提供释义并列举不同的写法。其间，科技方面也取得了很大进步，发明了纸张、水钟、日晷（ sundials）以及测量地震的仪器。汉朝历经 400 年，但统治者的腐败最终导致了它的灭亡。 【参考译文】 The Han dynasty is one of the most important dynasties in

2、Chinese history. There are lots of remarkable achievements during the reign of the Han dynasty. Being the first dynasty to open the door to other cultures, it excelled in foreign trade. The Silk Road opened in the Han dynasty led to Central and Western Asia, even Rome. With all sorts of art schools

3、flourishing, there appeared many great works in literary, history, and philosophy. In 100 AD, Chinas first dictionary was completed, which included 9,000 characters, providing definitions and different ways to write the characters. During that period, the science and technology had also made great p

4、rogress, with paper, water clocks, sundials and instruments used to measure earthquakes invented. Though the Han dynasty had a history of 400 years, the corruption of its rulers finally contributed to its collapse. 点评： 词汇考查：本篇是六级三套试卷中词汇考查最侧重的一篇，有朝代（ dynasty），统治（ reign），对外贸易（ foreign trade），丝绸之路（ the

5、 Silk Road），中西亚（ the West Asia），罗马（ Rome），哲学（ philosophy），巨著（ masterpiece），编撰（ compile），水钟（ water clock），测量地震的仪器（ earthquake detector），腐败（ corruption），灭亡（ downhill / demise）。 拓展话题词汇 (旅游业 )随时代进步而不断发展 (tourism) has been developing all along with the progress of the times. 和 展开合作 develop cooperation wi

6、th 中国是一个历史悠久的文明古国，也是一个充满生机的东方大国。 as a country with a long civilized history, China is also one big oriental country full of modern vitality. 在 取得丰硕的成果 fruitful results have been achieved in 提高生活水平 improve living standards 造成 /防止 /应对污染 cause/prevent/tackle pollution 赈灾救济金 disaster relief funds 人口 pop

7、ulation 人口分布 population distribution 流动人口 transient population 城市人口 urban population 农业人口 agriculture population 出生率 birth rate 自然增长率 natural growth rate 负增长率 negative growth rate 普查 census 户口册 household register 计划生育 family planning/planned parenthood 优生优育 ensure good prenatal and postnatal care 自治

8、区 autonomous region 民族 ethnic groups 少 数 民 族 ethnic minorities/ minority peoples 中国共产党 Communist Party of China 中华民族 Chinese people 民族的 national 第二篇：传统文化饮食 【中秋节】 中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分 相似，过中秋节的习俗与唐代早期在中国各地开始流行，中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日，这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。 2006 年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产， 2008 年又被定为公共假日

9、，月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食，人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有 “寿 ”(longevity)、 “福 ”或 “和 ”等字样。 【参考译文】 Since ancient times, the Chinese people have celebrated harvest in the middle of autumn, which is quite similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in North America. The tradition of celebrating the Mid-Aut

10、umn Festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang Dynasty. The Mid-Autumn Festival, falling on August 15th of the lunar calendar, is a day when people worship the moon. On this day, with the bright moon high in the clear sky, families reunite and enjoy the moon together. In 2006, the Mi

11、d-Autumn Festival was listed in Chinas cultural heritage list, and in 2008, it was designated as a public holiday. Moon cakes, as indispensable delicious food of the Festival, are given as gifts to relatives and friends or enjoyed at family gatherings. Traditional moon cakes are stamped with Chinese

12、 characters with meanings of “longevity”, “happiness” or “harmony”, etc. 话题词汇预测 工艺品 handwork/handicrafts 文物 cultural relics/antiques 国宝 national treasure 龙的传人 Descendants of Dragon 祖先 ancestor 传说 legend 起源于 originate 起源 origin 起初的、开始的、原创的 original 独一无二的 unique （ adj.） uniqueness (n) 大大促进 contribute

13、greatly to 文明 civilization 文明的 civilized 古老的 ancient 扫墓 sweep graves of ones ancestors or loved ones 赛龙舟 dragon-boat racing 粽子 zongzi (sticky rice dumpling wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves) 月饼 moon cake 赏月 appreciate the glorious full moon 赏菊 admire the beauty of chrysanthemum 登高 climb mountain 迷人的风

14、光 attractive / charming/ fascinating scenery/ landscape 当地的 local 旅游景点 tourist attraction 书法 calligraphy 孔庙 Temple of Confucius 火药 gunpowder 印刷术 printing 造纸术 paper-making 指南针 the compass 儒家思想 Confucianism 儒家文化 Confucian culture 道教 Taoism 墨家 Mohism 佛教 Buddhism 春节 the Spring Festival 元宵节 the Lantern F

15、estival 清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节 the Double-ninth Day 七夕节 the Double-seventh Day 营 养 nutrition 有营养的 nutritional 谷物 grains 大米 rice 小麦 wheat 玉米 corn 大豆 bean 月饼 moon cake 年糕 rice cake 油条 deep-fried dough sticks 豆浆 soybean milk 馒头 steamed buns 第三篇

16、：科技创新类 【中国创新】 中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学、从新能源到机器人等高科技领域。它们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。 【参考译文】 Chinas innovation is having a great boom at an unprecedented rate. In order to catch up with

17、 and surpass the worlds developed countries in science and technology as soon as possible, Chinas research and development funds have risen considerably in recent years. Universities and research institutes in China are actively carrying out innovative researches. These researches cover all kinds of

18、 high technology fields, ranging from mass data to biochemistry, from new energy to robots. They are also working collaboratively with the science and technology parks from all the corners of the world to commercialize the innovative achievements. Meanwhile, in order to adapt to the constantly chang

19、ing and growing demand of the domestic and foreign consumer market, Chinese entrepreneurs are making great efforts to become the pioneers of innovations, either in their products or business models. 话题词汇预测 电子商务 e-business 信用卡 credit card 信息时代 information age 研究开发 research and development 高新技术 innova

20、tive and high technology 创新 innovation 尖端科技 state-of-the-art technology 网上购物 online shopping 高科技园 high-tech park 工业园区 industrial park 信息港 info port 信息革命 information revolution 电子货币 e-currency 人工智能 artificial intelligence (AI) 生物技术 bio-technology 克隆 cloning 基因工程 genetic engineering 转基因食品 genetically

21、modified food (GM food) 三维电影 three-dimensional movie 光谷 optical valley 虚拟银行 virtual bank 新兴学科 new branch of science; emerging discipline 生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture 技术密集产品 technology-intensive product 数码科技 digital technology 办公自动化 Office Automation (OA) 信息高地 information highland 信息检索 infor

22、mation retrieval 电话会议 teleconference 无土栽培 soilless cultivation 超级杂交水稻 super-hybrid rice 科技发展 scientific and technological advancement 重点项目 key project 国家重点工程 national key projects 可持续发展 sustainable development 第四篇：教育类 【中美家庭教育】 在中国，父母总是竭力帮助孩子，甚至为孩子做重要的决定，而不管孩子要什么，因为他们相信这样做是为了孩子好。结果，孩子的成长和教育往往屈从于父母的意愿

23、。 如果父母决定为孩子报名参加一个课外班，以增加其被重点学校录取的机会，他们会 坚持自己的决定，即使孩子根本不感兴趣。 然而在美国，父母很可能会尊重孩子的意见，并在决策时更注重孩子的意见。 中国父母十分注重教育或许值得称赞。然而，他们应向美国父母学习涉及教育时如何平衡父母与孩子间的关系。 【参考译文】 In China, parents always try every means to help their children, and even make important decisions for them. They never care what their children rea

24、lly want, because they believe that it is good for them. As a result, childrens growth and education tend to surrender to the wills of their parents. If parents decide to sign up for their children to take an extra class to increase their chances of b eing admitted to a key school, they will stick t

25、o their decisions, even if their children are not interested in. While in the United States, parents are likely to respect their childrens opinions, and pay more attention to their opinions in making decisions. It may be worthy of praise for the Chinese parents to attach great importance to educatio

26、n. When it comes to education, however, they should learn how to balance the relationship between parents and their children from American parents. 话题词预测 必修课 required/ compulsory courses 选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic courses 专业课 specialized courses 课程表 school schedule 教学大纲 teaching program;

27、 syllabus 学分 credit 充电 update ones knowledge 初等教育 elementary education 大学社区 college community 高等教育 higher education 高等 学府 institution of higher education 综合性大学 comprehensive university 文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts 高分低能 high scores and low abilities 九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education 课外活动 extra

28、curricular activities 适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age 素质 教育 quality-oriented education 填鸭式教学 cramming method of teaching 希望工程 Project Hope 研究生 graduate student; post-graduate (student) 应届毕业生 graduating student; current years graduate 校园文化 campus culture 学汉语热 enthusiasm in learning

29、 Chinese 学生减负 alleviate the burden on students 应试教育 exam-oriented education 职业培训 job training 智商 intelligence quotient (IQ) 应试教育 exam-oriented education system 义务教育 compulsory education 初等教育 elementary education 中等教育 secondary education 高等教育 higher education 职业教育 vocational education 普 通 高 校 regular

30、 institution of higher learning 重点大学 key university 减轻学生负担 reduce burden for students 毕业设计 diploma-winning design /graduation project 毕业论文 graduation thesis 毕业证书 graduation certificate 同学 schoolmate/classmate 校友 alumni 科教兴国 rejuvenate the country through science and education 第五篇：环境保护类 【北京治污】 北京计划未来

31、三年投资 7,600亿元治理污染，从减少 PM2.5排放入手。这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括 500 万辆机动车的尾气（ exhaust）排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘。另外 850 亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水（ sewage）处理设施，加上 300 亿元投资未来三年的植树造林（ forestation）。 市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工 厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。另外，北京还将更严厉地处罚违反减排规定的行为。 【参考译文】 Beijing is planning to invest 760 billion yuan to control

32、pollution in the next three years, starting from reducing the emission of PM 2.5. The newly announced plan aims at reducing four major sources of pollution, including exhaust emissions of over 5 million motor vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north and local constructi

33、on dust. Another 85 billion yuan will be used to establish or upgrade the facilities for municipal waste treatment and sewage treatment. Besides, 30 billion yuan will be invested in the forestation program in the coming three years. In order to improve the environment, the municipal government also

34、plans to construct a number of water-recycling plants and to ban illegal construction. In addition, Beijing will impose tougher punishments on those who violate the emission-reduction regulations. 话题词预测 保护环境 protect the environment 改善环境质量 improve environmental quality 防止空气污染 prevent air pollution 重视环境保护 attach more importance to environmental protection 提高环保意识 enhance the awareness of environmental protection 保持生态平衡 maintain ecological balance 生态系统 ecosystem 生态示范区 ecological demonstration region