2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标Ⅰ卷英语.DOC

1、2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标卷）英语第一部分 听力（略）第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWashington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration TourThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with b

2、eautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability the cherry blossomsdisappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and

3、 view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C.Duration:3 hours Mo

4、rning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most ,interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable

5、bikes and a smooth tour route(路线）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours(7miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as your bike

6、the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?A. Che

7、rry Blossom like Tour in Washington, D.C.B. Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D. C.D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour解析：细节理解题。根据文章 Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.中的 Reserve your spot before availability 可知，这个骑行项目需要提前预约。故选 A

8、。答案：A22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people.B. Go to a national park.C. Visit well-known museums.D. Enjoy interesting stories.解析：细节理解题。根据文章 Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.中的 Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about P

9、residents, Congress, memorials, and parks.可知，在这个活动中，你可以享受有趣的故事。故选 D。答案：D23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A. City maps.B. Cameras.C. Meals.D. Safety lights解析：细节理解题。根据文章 Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour 中的 All riders are equipped with reflective vests and

10、 safety lights.可知，所有骑行者都要装备反光背心和安全手电筒。故选 D。答案：DBGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money: Good Food, she vis

11、its a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes leant into practice in her own home, preparing

12、 meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,“ she explains. “I pay 5 for a portion（一份）, but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway foo

13、d, but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. “The eight-part series（系列节目）, Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our

14、 biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still t

15、asty recipes.24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B. She has started a new programme.C. She dislikes working early in the morning.D. She has had a light budget for her family.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段知道 Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on t

16、he sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role 可知，她开辟了一个新的节目。故选 B。答案：B25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A. He buys cooking materials for her.B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cooking matters.D. He invites guest families for her.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的 In

17、Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.可知，Susanna 在 Matt Tebbutt 的帮助下，提供如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于 5 英镑的每个家庭准备食谱。故选C。解题关键词：同义词表达 with the help of 和 h

18、elp。答案：C26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.B. Provide some advice for the readers.C. Add some background information.D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.解析：写作意图题。根据文章第四段中的 which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of

19、health products on the market.可知，Save Money: Good Food 节目是 Save Money: Good Health 节目之后，给观众一些建议：如何从众多的市场上的健康产品中获取价值。故选 C。答案：C27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB. Balancing Our Daily DietC. Making yourself a Perfect ChefD. Cooking Well for Less解析：主旨要义题。根据文章的整

20、体内容可知，文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。根据文章中的 prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. 在资金紧张的情况下，准备可口且有营养的饭菜； how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. 如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于 5 英镑的每个家庭准备食谱； how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. 我们自己做这种食物有多便宜； less expen

21、sive but still tasty recipes.不贵可仍然可口的食谱。可以推知 D 正确。答案：DCLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit（联系）groups developed their own patterns

22、of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became

23、 more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade, industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many Languages to disappear, and dominant

24、languages such as EnglishSpanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lo

25、ts, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number（中位数）of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds lan

26、guages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction（消亡）, with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or thr

27、ee)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter gatherer times?A. They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patters.D. They were closely connected解析：small, tigh

28、tly knit（联系）groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.可知，当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人居住的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式。当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了 12000 种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选 B。答案：B29. Which o

29、f the following best explains “dominant “ underlined in paragraph 2？A. Complex.B. Advanced.C. Powerful.D. Modem.解析：猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的 dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知 dominant languages 意为：强有力的语言。故选 C。答案：C30. How many langua

30、ges are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?A. About 6 800B. About 3 400C. About 2.400D. About 1-200解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的 At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.和The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people

31、than that. 可知，目前世界上大约有 6800 种语言，但是讲的人数少于 6000 人的占一半即 3400.故选 B。答案：B31. What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languagesC. Human development results in fewer languagesD. Geography determines language evolution.解析：主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句 La

32、nguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近时代语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选 C。答案：CDWe may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study

33、 shows that we keep using our old devices（装置）well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environment and our wallets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her

34、 colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices w

35、ere grouped by generation Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we d

36、idnt throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,“ said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just kee

37、ping these old devices we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So

38、 whats the solution（解决方案）? The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertain

39、ment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.解析：观点态度题。根据文章第一段中的 Thats

40、 bad news for the environmentand our wallets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.可知，使用旧的电子设备对环境和我们的钱包都是坏消息。这些过时的设备做相同的事情要消耗比新设备更多的能量。由此推知作者认为新电子设备环保、节能。故选A。答案：A33. Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.

41、B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的 To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracke

42、d the environmental costs for each product throughout its life 可知，Babbitts team 研究的目的是弄清楚这些设备用了多少电。故选 D。答案：D34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的 They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing

43、on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.可知，平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设备，可以降低 44%的耗能。故选 B。答案：B35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.解析：推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知，因为旧的电子设备耗能高，不环保。

44、所以作者建议停止使用旧的电子设备。故选 A。答案：A第二节（共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Color is fundamental in home designsomething youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in. Do you want a r

45、oom thats full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can

46、 get a little complex .But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.38 . Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual int

47、erest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves 39 . They r

48、equire a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant

49、. 40 .A. While all of them are useful B. Whatever youre looking for C. If youre experimenting with a color D. Small color choices are the ones were most familiar with E. Its not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways36.解析：以逗号结尾，后面另起一个简单句，可以从句子结构排除 D,E,F,G 项。根据前文的三个问句可知，此处是从中选择一种。故选 B（不管你寻找哪一种） 。答案：B37.解析：前文：在过去的许多年里，有许多技术帮助设计者实现这一要点；