1、1“主谓一致”发现式语法教学探微中图分类号:G633.41 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1002-7661(2014)14-0064-02 一、理念 在实施英语课程标准理念的高中语法课中,我们要积极倡导使用发现式语法教学,因为发现式语法教学有利于激励学生思考,促进学生的思维,发展自主学习能力。在教师的引导下,学生“在做中学” ,自己去发现、归纳,总结语法规律。这样的自主学习过程不仅能使学生更有效地理解和记忆语法知识、加深对语法形式和意义的印象、夯实基础,还能激励和发展他们的思维使其养成通过思考进行观察、自我发现的学习习惯,从而受益终生。 二、课题 主题:主语和谓语动词的一致(Agreement
2、Between Subject and verb) 。 课文:人教版高中英语模块 4 第 1 单元 Women of achievement。 教学目标:“主谓一致”语法学习中,引导学生既要发现、归纳、总结该语法规律,又要在不同语境中理解、体验、领悟“主谓一致”的表意功能。在本课结束时,学生要能够初步运用所学习和掌握的“主谓一致”进行自如表达。 2三、教学步骤 Step 1 导入(通过复习课文,引入本单元要学习的语法): 1.通过提问,呈现含有“主谓一致”的例句。如:A:Everybody sits and waits in the shade of trees. B:Our group ar
3、e all going to visit them in the forest . 2.根据所呈现的课文例句引出本单元所要学习的语法项目:“Agreement Between Subject and verb”。 Step 2 体验并发现: 1.让学生分组讨论并发现下述“主谓一致”的规律: 问题 1:I am seventeen. /She is sixteen. /There is a desk in the room. /There are no chairs in it. 2.引导学生观察讨论后则发现:主语要和谓语动词保持人称和数的一致。 问题 2: My brother and I h
4、ave both seen the film. /Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 经过讨论发现:两个名词由 and 连接作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。 说明: (1)当 and 不表示并列意义,连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物或概念或由两个部件配成的物品时,谓语动词用单数。如: The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting./One more knife and fork is needed. 3(2)两个并列的名词有 each,every,many a 等修饰语时
5、,谓语动词一般用单数。如:Each doctor and (each)nurse was given a new shirt./No sound and no voice is heard. /Many a boy and(many a)girl has made the same mistake. 问题 3:My family is a large one./The family are sitting at the breakfast table. 经过讨论则发现:集体名词 group,class,family,army,enemy等作主语时,如果强调整体,谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调个体
6、,谓语动词用复数形式。 问题 4:Is anybody going to tell him the news?/Everything is ready. 经过讨论则发现:不定代词anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everybody,everything,someone,somebody,something,no one,nobody,nothing,the other 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 问题 5:None of them has(have)arrived yet./None of this money is mine./Neither stateme
7、nt was true. 经过讨论则发现:代词 none 和 neither 有时作单数看待,有时作复数看待,主要根据说话人的意思决定。但是代表不可数名词时,只看作单数;neither 作形容词时与单数名词连用,谓语动词用单数。 问题 6:Either you or Jane is to be sent to New Zealand./Not only his family but(also)he likes Chaplin. 4经过讨论则发现:当用作主语的两个名词或代词由or,eitheror,neithernor 或 not onlybut also 连接时,谓语动词通常与近邻的名词或代词
8、保持一致。 问题 7:There is a lamp,two pens and six books on the desk./Here are some envelopes and paper for you. 经过讨论则发现:由 there 或 here 引导的句子,主语不止一个名词时,谓语动词通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。 问题 8:The teacher with two students was at the meeting./The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car. 经过讨论则发现:当主语后面接说明主语的修饰语
9、,如:with, along with, together with, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to 等时,谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响,仍保持同主语一致的关系。 问题 9:Sixty years is a long time./Ten dollars is enough for him. 经过讨论则发现:表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词,在表示单位数量用作主语时,通常被看作整体,谓语动词用单数。 Step 3 巩固练习: 让学生做 page5 Exercise 2 以达到初步的掌握,再让学生做 page5 Exercise 3 进一步理解领悟“主谓一致”的表意功能。 (责任编辑 刘 馨)