21世纪大学英语读写教程IV课后答案.doc

1、- 1 -A 部分完型填空Unit 1There are many paths to greatness. Some people go down in history for their 1)_ influential _ political leadership. Other are remembered for spectacular scientific 2)_ breakthroughs _ for composing great symphonies, or writing 3)_ brilliant _ poetry. But whatever path they take, g

2、reat people seem to 4)_ share _ a few common characteristics. They are relentlessly 5)_ optimistic _ and persistent; they have both intellectual skills and the ability to work well with other people; and they love their work. In fact, 6)_ for _ these people, work is more like an obsession than a job

3、. Of course, many of the questions about greatness 7)_ remain _ , unanswered. What roles so genetics and environment 8)_ play _ in the question ? How can we know who among our 9) contemporaries will be remembered as great and which people, though famous today, will be 10)_ forgotten _ in the future?

4、 Its also possible that our 11)_ view _ of who is great is not always fair or accurate. For example, the of 12)_ achievement_ women are not recognized as often as they should be.Finally, we cant even be 13)_ sure_ if it is really good to be great. Maybe the happiest people are the normal ones. Norma

5、l people arent endowed 14)_ with _ what it takes to be great, but they also dont have to worry 15)_ about _ the burdens of history.Unit 2Gratitude is defined as the art of showing 1)_ appreciation _ for every kindness, great and small. Usually, 2)_expressing _ gratitude costs very little, but its re

6、wards can be great. When gratitude is owed but not given, however, as when we 3)_ fail _ to recognize a generous act on someone elses 4)_ part _, this denial can lead to sore feelings, and even resentment. Sometimes, truly deep gratitude calls for personal sacrifice. One 5) _ example _ is a mother o

7、f world war II soldier who traveled from her home 6)_ through _ the U. S. to visit the French family who had 7)_ sheltered _ her son from Nazis. She was driven to 8)_ do this unselfish generosity which this family had shown her son. But gratitude can 9)_ also _ be shown by very simple acts. We can s

8、tart 10)_ by _ making sure that, in one way or another, we thank the family members and 11)_ coworkers_ who help us every day. In sum, the 12)_ key _ to gratitude is thoughtfulness, or 13)_ taking _ pains to consider the feeling of others as well as out own. Being generous and 14)_ unselfish _ with

9、our affection and sentiments is one thing we all can do to make the world a more pleasant place. For all of these 15)_ reasons _ gratitude is something of which none of us can give too much.Unit 3Traditional western ways of thinking can often lead to an 1)_ impasse _ when we are confronting a truly

10、difficult problem. This happened to Dr. Edward Jenner when he was trying to 2)_ come _ up with a vaccine for the deadly disease known as smallpox. Jenner was 3)_ able _ to solve the problem he faced by changing the 4)_ framework within which he looked at it. Rather than focusing on people who had sm

11、allpox, he 5) looked carefully at those who seemed never to get the disease. This change in 6)_ tactics _ is an example of what is known as “lateral thinking.” The term means choosing not to approach a problem head-on, but instead looking at it 7)_ sideways _. In lateral thinking, being able to take

12、 in and 8)_ consider _ all kinds of ideas, no matter how unlikely they might seem, is of the - 2 -9)_ utmost _ significance. Lateral thinking can help all kinds of people, from smokers who want to give 10)_ up _ their habit, to archers who need to relax in order to perform 11)_ at _ their best. This

13、 idea does not 12)_ imply that solutions which come from vertical thinking are always deeply 13) flawed _ . The truth is that different ways of thinking have different 14)_ advantages when you get stuck struggling with a problem head-on, thinking laterally can help you to shift your point of view an

14、d perhaps see a 15)_ solution you wouldnt other wise notice.Unit 4A recent educational experiment showed that the difference between “gifted” children and regular ones may have as much as to do with 1)_expectations_ as with intelligence. An elementary school teacher was 2)_deceived_ into thinking th

15、at her students were above average in intelligence. She then 3)_managed_ to get them to do outstanding work, even though their true IQs were well within the normal range. It seems that her belief in her students intelligence was enough to turn them 4)_into_ better learners.Its difficult to 5)_pinpoi

16、nt _exactly how such beliefs are expressed. It 6)_may _have to do with how a teacher talks to the class: many positive, supportive expressions and few expressions of impatience, annoyance, or 7)_irritation_.Non-verbal communication, including 8)_facial _expressions, probably plays a role too. But on

17、e thing is clear: labels and expectations 9)_strongly _ influence results. Outside of the classroom, labeling can, as 10) often_ as not, have a negative effect. The labels we put on different social groups are usually not 11)_inclusive_. In fact, they are often sexist or racist. Of 12)_course_ , the

18、re is good and bad in all kinds of people. But we 13)_tend_to accept some ideas about certain groups more readily than about others. The school experiment shows that such labels have a 14)_great_ deal of power. But when labels are unfair and negative they can be very 15)_damaging_.Unit 5When I came

19、to prison, my reading skills were 1)_ terrible _ and my penmanship was worse. But because I wanted to 2)_ emulate_ some of the more well-read inmates, I decided to do something about it, I began by copying 3)_over _ the dictionary. You know the dictionary had all kinds of information. Its something

20、like an encyclopedia in 4)_ miniature _. But the most important result 5)_ of _ studying dictionary was that it gave me the word 6)_ base _ I needed to read 7)_ effectively _. Soon, I could pick up8)_ almost _ any book and read it. I checked 9)_ out _ all kinds of books from the prison library, both

21、 non-fiction and literature. I love to read so much that I could I always find myself 10)_ engrossed _ in something when “lights out” came. I was so 11)_ hungry _ for knowledge that I would then lie on the floor and read by the faint 12)_ glow _ of the hallway light until I heard the guard coming ba

22、ck down along the corridor. Many people say that no true 13)_ rehabilitation _ is possible in prison. But I felt that I learned more there than I could have in any college, even if no degree was 14)_ conferred _ on me. After all, where else could I have 15)_ combated _ my own ignorance more effectiv

23、ely than in a place where I could be left alone and allowed to read for up to 15 hours per day?Unit 6what does a young childs ability not to eat a marshmallow 1) _ have _ to do with success in life? Quite a lot, as it turns out. The 4-year-old who is able to 2)_ hold out _ in order to receive a seco

24、nd treat is 3)_ demonstrating _ more self-control than will serve him or her well as an adult. This ability to control - 3 -ones 4)_ impulses _ is just one part of what is called Emotional Intelligence. The children who demonstrate it will grow up to be better adjusted and 5)_ more _ successful. Tho

25、se kids who dont have it are less likely to succeed when it comes to meeting challenges and 6)_ dealing _ with lifes frustration. In the past, our concept of intelligence was mainly limited 7)_to _ the kinds of skills that 8)_ enabl_ one to do well in school. But Emotional Intelligence 9)_ redefines

26、 _ what it means to be smart by focusing on how the mind 10)_ processes _ feelings rather than ideas. There are many ways in which an understanding of Emotional Intelligence can be every 11)_ handy _. It can help parents 12)_ raise _ their children, help corporations manage employees, and help solve

27、 many social problems. These ideas are not very controversial, but some other13) _ aspects _ of Emotional Intelligence are. For example, some scholars are offended at the idea that such a 14)_ complex _ and abstract idea would be reduced to a simple numerical measure in the 15)_ form _ of an “EQ”.Un

28、it 7As a child, I identified much more 1) strongly with my mother than with my father. She and I are both somewhat 2)_ shy _ introverted people who like to read. My father is a man of action 3)_rather _ than words. While my mother and I tend to worry a lot, my father is an 4)_ optimist _ whos never

29、had a sleepless night in his life. When I was young, my father and I fought 5)_ constantly _. Since I became an adult, however, he and I have pretty much 6)_ made _ our peace. Although he didnt 7)_ support _ my decision to become a writer, I know that he is proud of my success. And he is less 8)_ st

30、ubborn _ than he used to be. As he has aged, he is now willing to ask for help sometimes, to call a 9)_ plumber _ if the job is too difficult for him. Now we are on 10)_ even _ ground. Recently, I met with my father to 11)_ talk _ about plans for his estate. My father told me he had taken care 12)_

31、of _ the business. The Navy would burn his ashes and scatter them at sea. This way, his death wouldnt be a 13)_ burden_ to me. I had no way to let him know how 14)_ much_ I wanted to burdened by this responsibility. So I just reached across the table and took of hold his hand, trying to 15)_ stop _

32、the tears.Unit 8The Athenians and the Visigoths were extraordinarily different cultures with 1)_ conflicting _ values and traditions. The Athenians respected education and considered the quest 2)_ for _ knowledge a most noble pursuit. To the Visigoths, on the other hand, knowledge was 3)_ pointless

33、_ unless it could be used to earn money or gain power over others. Athenians had a great 4)_ regard _ for fine art. They wrote profoundly touching epic poems and plays which exalt the spirit of audiences 5)_ to _ this day. To the Visigoths, art had no value beyond its 6)_ popularity _ at the moment.

34、 Athenians practiced political democracy with a tremendous 7)_ vigor _ . They placed great value on tradition, social restraint, and continuity. They sought 8) moderation in all things and created the concept of ecology. At the 9)_ peak of their power, the Visigoths overran Europe desecrating buildi

35、ngs, destroying works of art, and ushering 10)_ in _ the period known as the Dark Ages. It took Europe almost a thousand years to 11)_ recover _ from their ravages. These two cultures are still 12)_ relevant _ today because we all must choose which group to align ourselves 13)_ with _ . 14)_ Althoug

36、h _ the university is an inherently Athenian institution, not all of the students it educates or even all of the professors on its faculty hold Athenian values in 15)_high_ esteem. It is a personal choice whether to sink to the depths of life as a modern Visigoth or to dedicate oneself to the more e

37、xalted pursuit of becoming a contemporary Athenian.- 4 -A 部分练习翻译答案Unit 11.美国人往往以从事的工作来对人们进行划分。家庭和教育背景这些特点被认为是不太重要的。 Americans tend to define people by the jobs they have/do. Such characteristics as their family and educational backgrounds are considered less important.2.他决不妥协的个性是他再也无法容忍它的雇主，并最终递交了辞职

38、书的原因。His uncompromising personality explains why he could no longer put up with his employer and eventually submitted his resignation.3.如果你真想学好英语，你就必须投入大量的时间和精力，否则你就不会有任何进步。 对于其他课程也可以这么说。If you really want to learn English well, you must put in a lot of time and energy, or you will go nowhere. The s

39、ame can be said of other subjects. 4.有些演员的名声靠的是他们天生的美貌，但是达斯汀霍夫曼（Dustin Hoffman）尽管身材矮小（short stature）, 还是出类拔萃，而使他与众不同的正是他精湛的演技。 Some actors fame is built on their innate beauty, but despite his short stature, Dustin Hoffman rose above and it is his excellent acting that sets him apart. 5.他负责管理之后，我们发现

40、他与前任（predecessor）有明显的不同：他有干劲和激情，想出了很多新点子，并把工作重点放在如何鼓舞我们的士气上。 After he took charge, we discovered that there were striking differences between him and his predecessor. He had the drive and passion, came up with many new ideas, and focused his work on how to raise our morale.6.当邓小平宣布中国改革开放政策的时候，他被永远载入

41、史册。尽管障碍重重，他以不懈的努力为我国的现代化作出了永久性的贡献。Deng Xiaoping made history when he declared Chinas reform and opening-up policy. Despite tremendous obstacles, he made lasting contributions to our countrys modernization with his unrelenting efforts.7.为什么有人拥有天才级智商却被智商平平但很刻苦的人丢在后面?承认除了智商外，还有很多别的因素与一个认得成就有着很大的关系。Why

42、could someone with a genius IQ be left behind by a hardworking person with an average IQ? It has to be acknowledged that besides ones IQ, many other factors have much to do with ones achievements.8.这位教师真了不起，她能在教东西之前调动学生的积极性。这并不是因为她有天赋，而是因为她只想着在课堂上吸引他们的注意力。This teacher is really remarkable in motivat

43、ing her students so she can really teach them something. Its not that she is talented, its that she focuses completely on drawing their full attention in class.Unit 21.他瞪眼看着约翰，对他拒绝合作感到恼怒。 - 5 -He glared at John and was annoyed by his denial of cooperation. 2.约翰真诚的讲话表达了他对那些在他处于困境时给过他慷慨帮助的人们感激之情。 John

44、s sincere speech shows his gratitude to the people who rendered him generous help when he was in difficulty. 3.他可说是一个集邮家。他曾经积蓄了两年去买一张珍邮这件事便是证明。 He is something of a stamp collector. The fact that once he saved up for two years to buy a rare stamp is roof of it. 4.这些玫瑰的美丽怎么评价也不过分。它们以各种方式吸引住了所有的游客。 Th

45、e beauty of these roses could not be overstated. They took/caught all the visitorss fancy in one way or another. 5.起先，他理所当然地认为该地区应当多造一些公路。然而仔细计算费用后，他在作出最后决定前有不得不重新考虑了。 At first he took it for granted that they should build more highways in this area. Then a careful calculation of the expenditure com

46、pelled him to think twice before he made the final decision. 6.每次收到我的礼物，不管多少，我的朋友比尔决不忘记表示感激。 Each time he receives a gift from me, no matter how small, my friend Bill never fails to acknowledge it. 7.那位新闻记者决定找到那位老夫妇心中提及的年轻人。那封信赞赏了年轻人为使他们的生活条件更为惬意而付出的努力。 The journalist has decided to trace the young

47、man referred to in the old couples letter, which is a tribute to the young mans effort at improving their living conditions. 8.虽然他厌烦了那些每天上门来吹嘘起产品的推销员，但他克制着没有将他们推之门外。 Though he was fed up with the salesman who knocked at his door and boasted about their products every day, he refrained from slamming

48、the door in their face. Unit 31.汤姆因一问题而心神不宁但又一筹莫展，直到他学会以不同的策略把它解决才不心烦。 Tom was hung up on the problem but could do nothing about it until he learnt to solve it with different tactics. 2.横向思维帮助他提出了原来似乎走进死胡同的新理论。 Lateral thinking has helped him to advance his new theory which had seemed to have reach

49、a dead end.3.我们最新的建设计划的框架已获得地方政府的批准。它是否会按时实施对这座沿海城市的发展具有极为重大的意义。 The framework of our latest construction plan has been affirmed by the local government. Whether it will be carried out on time is of the utmost significance to the development of this coastal city.4.在设法寻找一个解决问题的办法的过程中,爱德华在思想上陷入了僵局，但后来他改变了观察角度，以一种完全意想不到的方式解决了问题。 While trying to find a solution to the problem, Edward reached an impasse in his