仁爱英语八年级知识点大全上册.DOC

1、 1 仁爱英语 八年级 知识点大全 (上册 ) Unit 1 Play Sports 【考点解析】 Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball? Section A 1 We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three against 表示“对着：反对；靠着” 2 cheer sb on 为加油，鼓劲 3 win 和 beat 都可表示“赢”，但用法不同。 (1) win(won， won)一般后接比赛，奖品或奖项作宾语，也可作不及物动词，表示“赢”的结果。 (2) beat(beat，

2、beaten)击败、战胜，一般接对手作宾语，还可译为“心脏跳动”或“击打”。 a game a team win+事物 a war beat+对手 a nation a prize an apponent(对手 ) 4 prefer 宁愿，更喜欢 (1)prefer doing sth to doing sth跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事 prefer sb sth to sb. sth跟某人某物比较起来更喜欢人某物 (2)prefer to do sth (rather)than do sth跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事 (3)prefer to do sth更喜欢做某事 5 join ta

3、ke part in (1)join 参加某个政党，团体，组织等，成为其中的一员 (2)join sb (in doing sth )和某人一起 (做某事 ) (3)join in=take part， in 参加某项活动 Section B 1 play for a team 为某队效力 be in on the team 在某队打球 2 dream 作名词，“梦，梦想”。 e g my dream job 也可作动词 dream of about sth. doing sth 3“ one of the+形容词最高级 +名词的复数”意思是“最之一”。 4 break the record

4、打破记录 5 in the 2008 Beijing Olympics 在 2008 年北京奥运会中。“在比赛中”用 in e g in the race in the basketball game 6 give up 放弃。注意应该把介词放在中间。 e g give it up， give up doing sth放弃做某事。 7 What a Shame=What a pity 真遗憾 ! Section C 1 spend cost pay take (1)spend 作“花费”之意时，指花费时间精力财力在某事或某物上，主语是人。 (2)cost 主要指花费金钱时间劳力精力等。主语是某

5、物或某事。其结构是 sth costs sb (3)pay sb，酬谢某人， pay for可等同于 spend on，或用 cost 作同义句转换。 (4)take 一般指花费时间，其主语是名词或动名词，经常用 it 作形式主语。 2 2 do exercise=play sports 做运动，锻炼 3 There be 句型的将来时结构为 There is are going to be 或 There will be。注意在 There be 句型中不能出现表示“有”的 have 和 has。 4 the high jump 跳高 the long jump 跳远 5 Sure (1)b

6、e sure that+从句 e g I am sure that he is right (2)sb be sure to do sth某人一定会做某事。强调说话人的语气。 (3)be sure of about sth doing sth“确信”，表示主语对有把握。 (4)用在祈使句里 Be sure(not)to do sth一定 (不 )做某事 e g Be sure to come here early 6 make 的用法。 (1)make sb do sth使某人做某事。被动语态中要还原 to。 (2)“ make sb sth +形容词”使某人或某物处于某种状态。 (3)mak

7、e sth for sb make sb sth为某人制作 7 be good for“对有益”，反义词组是 be bad for“对有害”。 8 keep healthy=keep fit 保持健康 Section D 1 play against 跟进行比赛 play with play against play for play with 玩耍，游戏，玩乐，与玩耍。 play against 同比赛。 play for 为效力。 2 leave for离 开某地去某地 leave for=set off for 出发去某地 3一般将来时 (1)含义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或是存在的

8、状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如： tomorrow， soon， later on， next time(week， month， year， Sunday )等。 (2)结构为 be going to do sth或 will do sth。 There be 句型的将来时结构为 There is are going to be 或There will be。注意在 There be 句型中不能出现表示“有”的 have has。 (3)表示位置移动的动词 go, come， leave， fly， start 等可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。其中

9、go和 come 一定要用现在进行时表示将来。 【例 19】 (10 年河北中考 )This term_ over The summer vacation is coming in two weeks A is B was C has been D will be 【例 20】 (10 年重庆中考 )If you_ to the 2010 Shanghai Expo next week， I will go with you A go B has gone C will go D are going 【考点解析】 Topic 2 Would you mind passing me some w

10、ater? Section A 1 would could will you(please)do sth“请你 做好吗 ?”表示委婉请求对方做某事，否定结构是would could will you(please)not do sth。 e g Would you please not play the piano loudly? 2 fall ill“生病”， be ill“生病的”，强调一种状态。 feel ill“感觉不舒服”，强调一种身体感受。 fall down摔倒，跌倒。 3 mind 的用法 (1)作动词，表示“介意”，常用于疑问句或否定句中。其结构是 mind sb sth d

11、oing sth 对 would you mind sb sb s doing sth及“ would you mind if+从句”的回答，如果是表达“会介意”，可用 Yes， youd better not I am sorry but I do如果表达“不会介意”，可用 No， not at allNever mind It doesnt matter No， of course not (2)用于提出建议。 Would you mind doing sth would you mind not doing sth? 对 Would you mind doing sth的回答可以用 Of

12、 course not， I will do it right away Sorry I will do it right away对 would you mind not doing sth的回答可以用 Sorry， I wont do it again Im sorry about that 3 (4)作名词，“思想”。 set ones mind to do sth on sth专注于做某事 4 be glad happy to do sth乐意做某事 5 practice sth doing sth练习做某事 Section B 1 be always doing sth老是，含有抱怨

13、的感情色彩。 2 careless 形容词，反义词是 careful。 carelessly 副词，反义词是 carefully 3 chance 机会 have a chance to do sth有机会做某事 get a chance to do sth得到一个机会做某事 4 What do you mean by sth doing sth ?=Whats the meaning of sth doing sth ? 5 shout at sb朝某人喊叫，含有生气或气愤的感情。 shout to sb朝某人喊叫，只是为了使对方听到，没有感情色彩。 6 fight with sb =hav

14、e a fight with sb与某人打架 7 be angry with sb意为“生某人的气”，如： 【链接】 (1) be angry at 对某人的言行感到气愤， (2) be angry about sth. 对某事感到生气，如： 8 do ones best to do sth =try to do sth尽力做某事 9 say sorry hello goodbye to sb向某人道歉问候，道 10 be feel sorry for to do 为而抱歉 (难过 ) 11 keep 的用法 (1) keep sb doing sth使某人一直做某事 (2)“ keep sb

15、 sth +宾补 +adj”使某人某物处于某种状态 (3)“ keep sb sth +宾补 +adv”使某人某物处于某种状态 (4)keep doing sth继续不断做某事e (5)“ keep+表语”，表示保持继续 (处于某种状态 ) e g keep fit healthy (6)赡养 e g My father keeps a big family (7)保存，保留 e g How long can I keep the book? 12 turn down 调低音量 turn up 调高音量 turn on 打开 turn off 关上 注意代词都要放在中间。 【分析比较】 tur

16、n on“打开 (水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等 )” turn off“关掉 (水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等 )”。 turn up“开大，调高”。 turn down“减少，关小” 13 in a minute right away at once 立刻，马上 14对 sorry 的回答可以是 Thats OK(all right) It doesnt matter Never mind Not at all Section C 1 love doing to do sth喜欢做某事 2 exciting excited exciting 指使人感到兴奋的事 excited 是指人对

17、感到兴奋 3 as well too also either so neither (1)too as well 表示“也”，一般放在句末，且前用逗号隔开，常用于肯定句。 e g Tom is a student；Jack is a student， too as well (2)also 表示“也”，用于肯定句中，放在 be 动词、助动词、情态动词后实意动词前。 (3)在否定句中，都要改为 either。 (4)so 表示“也”时，用在倒装句中，表示肯定，其结构是“ so+ be 动词助动词情态动词 +主语”。 e g Kate went shopping yesterday； Tom we

18、nt shopping， too as well(so did Tom) (5)neither 表示“ 也”时，用在倒装句中，表示否定，其结构是“ neither+ be 动词助动词情态动词+主语”。 e g。 Kate didnt go shopping yesterday； Tom didnt go shopping， either(Neither did Tom) 4 so that 引导目的状语从句，含义是“以便，目的是，为了”。从句的谓语动词要用 may， can， should，could 等情态动词，表示目的状语，相当于 in order that，可以改成 in order t

19、o do 句型。 e g Lets take the front seats so that in order that we may see more clearly =Lets take the front seats in order to see more clearly 4 6 other others another the other the others other 作形容词，指“其他的，别的”。 e g other students others(1)别人 e g You must be polite to others (2)“其他的人或物”，指在一个范围之内，除去一部分后

20、剩余的部分，而不是全部，一般出现短语 some others 中。 e.g There are many students in the classroom，some are reading， some are writing， others are talking another(1)(三者或三者以上 )“又一个，再一个”。不确定数量中的另外一个。 Jack has bought another pen (2)别的，不同 的。 I dont like this shirt Please show me another one (3)another+数词 +名词一数词 +more+名词。“再多

21、一些”，在原来的基础上再加一些。 one the other 两者之间一个另一个 Section D 1连接时间的介词用法 (1)ago“多久之前”，用过去式。结构是“段时间 +ago” e g two days ago(2)“ before+点时间”，表示“在几点前”，可用过去时、将来时或一般现在时。 e g They will be here before 7：00。 (3)“ in+段时间”，指“多久之后”，用将来时。 e g We will get to Beijing in three days (4)“ after+点时问”，在几点之后，可用过去时，将来时或一般现在时。 e g W

22、e often play football after 5： 00 in the afternoon“ after+段时间”，表示“多久之后”，只能用于过去式。 e g He came back after four days 2 instead 副词，“代替。而。相反”，单独使用时放句末。 instead of sth doing sth. 取代而不是 3 build sb up 使某人更强壮 4 have fun doing sth做某事很愉快 (1) have fun= enjoy oneself= have a good time 玩得开心，过得快乐 (2) have fun with

23、 ab. 与某人共度快乐时光 (3) Have fun Enjoy yourself Have a good time 等可以作为对别人出行前得祝福。 Topic 3 Which sport will you take part in? Section A 1 the sports meet meeting 运动会 the boys 800一 meter race男子 800 米赛跑 the long jump 跳远 the high jump 跳高 the relay race 接力赛跑 2 Its the ones first second time to do sth 3 make fr

24、iends with sb与某人交朋友。注意 friends 要用复数形式。 4 be ready for sth为某事而准备。 5 maybe may be maybe=perhaps 副词，“也许，大概”。 e g Maybe he is at the bus station now may be 是情态动词 may 后接动词原形 be， Section B l. 打电话问对方是某人时，可以问 Is that (speaking)?回答可以是 Yes， whos that? Speaking 问对方是谁时用 Who is that?告诉对方自己是谁时，应该说 This is (speaki

25、ng)。找人接电话时，应该说 Hello， may I speak to sb ?回答时如果是本人接的电话，可以直接说 speaking。 2 Lets make it half past six让我们定在六点半吧。 make it(1)指约定时间 e g Lets make it at 6： 30 (2)办成，做到 (打算或希望做的事 ) 3 pass 动词，“传递”。 pass sb sth =pass sth to sb把某物传给某人。 e g Would you please pass me the book?“经过”。 e g She was the first one to pas

26、s the finishing line pass by“经过 (某地 )”。 past可作副词或介词，“在旁经过”。 e g He hurried past me without stopping to talk with me 【例 6】 (09 年新疆中考 ) Did you see the accident yesterday? Yes It happened when I the museum A walked pass B was walking past C walk past D was walking pass 【例 7】 We need _ _ _ (再加两个人 )to d

27、o the work 4 congratulations祝贺你。当别人取得成绩、荣誉时，我们可以对他说： Congratulations! 【例 8】 (10 年广东中考 ) Yesterday 1 won the first place in the 100-meter race Really? _ ! A Congratulations B Never mind C Thats all right D Im sorry to hear that 5 5 take photos pictures 照相 e g Look， lots of students are taking photos

28、of the beautiful flowers 【例 9】 (10 年兰州中考 ) what are on show in the museum? Some photos_ by the children of Yushu， Qinghai A have been taken B were taken C are taken D taken Section C 1 hold have a sports meet 举行运动会 2 be good at sth doing sth =do well in sth doing sth擅长 (做 )某事 do badly in sth doing s

29、th在某方面做得糟糕 【例 10】 His father is good at making model planes (同义句改写 ) His father_ _ _ _model planes 3 encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事。 【例 11】 My father often encourages me_(study)hard 4 take exercise=do sports 做运动。其中 exercise 是不可数名词，意思是“运动，锻炼”。它也可以做可数名词，意思是“练习，体操”。 e g do morning exercises 做早操 【例 12】 (

30、10 年陕西中考 ) what do you think of the _ ? I think they are good for our eyes We should do them often A eyes exercise B eye exercise C eye exercises 5 be able to 和 can (1) 表示现在或过去的能力时两者相同。 e.g. I could ride a bike at the age of 8. =I was able to ride a bike at the age of 8. 我八岁时就会骑自行车了。 (2) be able to

31、有人称时态及数的变 化，而 can 只有过去式 could. e.g. We will be able to make it in 2010. 到 2010 年我们就可以做到了。 (3)表示请求、允许及否定判断时，只能用 can。 e.g. The boy cant be Mike， he left for Paris yesterday. 那个男孩不可能是 Mike.，他昨天去巴黎了。 【例 13】 Jacks father_ _ _(能 )swim when he was five years old 【例】 Could I use your dictionary? Yes， you_.

32、A can B could C need D should 6 do sth for the first second time第一二次做某事 e g We took part in the school sports meet for the second time last year 【例 14】 China took part in the Olympics the first time in 1951 A at B for C to D on 7 more“更多”，后可接可数或不可数名词。反义词是 less，“更少”，接不可数名词。 fewer“更少”，接可数名词复数。 【例 15】

33、(10 年黄冈中考 ) Whats the low-carbon lifestyle like? Save_ energy， produce_ carbon A more； more B less； more C less； less D more； less Section D 1 stand for 代表 e g Red stands for good luck in China 【例 16】 (08 年龙岩中考 )The Tang costume_ _(代表 )Chinese history and fashion culture 2 at least=as little as 至少，反

34、义词是 at most=as much as 至多。 【例 17】 This pair of shoes costs_ _(至少 )200 yuan 【例 18】 (10 年成都中考 )The food I cook isnt delicious， but _I can look after myself A at first B at last C at least 【习题精练】 I词汇 6 A根据汉语或首字母提示填写单词。 1 The r_ for joining the English club is to be able to practice more English 2 The m

35、odern_(奥运会 )started in Athens 3 There are many_(旅游者 )visiting Beijing every year 4 We should improve our _(环境 )and keep it clean 5 Five rings are a s_ of the Olympic Games B根据汉语提示及句子意思补全句子。 1 I was the winner in the_ _(跳高 )in the school sports meeting 2 Jack_ _ (可能 )ill now I saw him in the hospital

36、 just now 3 Would you mind cleaning the floor? I am sorry， I will do it_ _ (立刻 ) 4 You know his words_ _(代表 )our idea 5 We can_ more(和交朋友 )_ with foreigners 单项选择 1 (10 年杭州中考 ) Would you like to have _ chicken? No， thanks Its delicious， but Ive had enough A some other B some more C another some 2 (10

37、 年长沙中考 )I am sure you will_ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them A catch up with B agree with C get on badly with D make friends with 3 (10 年安徽中考 ) It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures Right Thats what she likes to do _ A more B lest C most D least 4 (1

38、0 年十堰中考 ) Where is Jeff? Im not sure He _playing football on the playground A maybe B may be C can be D must be 5 (10 年安徽中考 )Bob promises to_ the football match unless he has to help his parents on the farm A join B join in C take part to 6 (10 年山西中考 ) English is difficult for me How can I improve i

39、t? Dont lose your confidence I believe you will_ it if you keep trying A take B work C pick D make 7 (09 年山西中考 ) Is it polite to speak and laugh loudly _ ? No， I dont think so A. in public B at least C on time 8 (09 年新疆中考 ) Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? Yes， We were all_ about the_ m

40、atch A exciting； excited B exciting； exciting C excited； excited D excited； exciting 9 (09 年广州中考 )Have you _ your new classmates yet? A had friends with B made friend with C got friend to D made friends with 10 (09 年宁德中考 )I called you yesterday， but nobody_ the phone A checked B repaired C answered

41、11 (09 年天门中考 ) why do you like that scarf so much? Because I think it can_ me good luck A fetch B bring C pass D take 12 (09 年潍坊中考 )Liu Qian， as a little boy， was so_ his own magic world that he seldom went out to play with other children 7 A good at B mad about C popular with D afraid of 13 (09 年福州

42、中考 ) We will build a subway in Fuzhou before 2014 Wow， _ !Will it pass our place? A what an excited news B how excited the news is C what exciting news D how exciting news 14 (08 年南通中考 ) Hello! May I speak to Mr Smith? _， please He is answering another call right now A Go on B Come on C Keep on D Ho

43、ld on 15 (07 年厦门中考 )Doctors often suggest，“ _vegetables and meat can help you keep fit” A More； less B Few； much C Fewer； more (10 年东营中考 )阅读表达 (共 5 小题，计 10 分 ) 阅读短文，根据要求完成下面各小题。 If the only sports you do are dancing your fingers across your keyboard， you could be in serious danger of more than just

44、becoming fat! Do you feel sleepy， like something is weighing down on your head? Do you feel forgetful? Do you sometimes feel uncomfortable up and down your neck and lower back， and you cant explain why? Do you get sick often? It could be radiation(辐射 )from your computer causing it If you spend three hours or more a day in front of a computer， (and at this point， who doesnt?) you are more easily harmed by these hazards(危害 ) We have got so used to using computers that we dont often think of them as dangerous sources(来源 )of harmfu