CATTI三级笔译综合能力考试讲义.doc

1、CATTI 三级笔译综合能力讲义 1 / 38 第 1 页 共 38 页 全国翻译资格考试 CATTI 三级笔译综合能力讲义 目录 第一节 2009 年 3 月 21 日下午 15： 00-17： 30 主要内容： 1对于考试的了解和复习的基本策略 2主要语法知识点（一）定语从句，练习及其译法 第二节 2009 年 3 月 21 日晚上 18： 30-21： 00 主要内容： 1主要语法知识点（二）定语从句，长难句分析及翻译 第三节 2009 年 3 月 28 日下午 15： 00-17： 30 主要内容： 1主要语法知识点（三）非谓语动词，练习及其译法 2阅读理解讲解 第四节 2009 年

2、3 月 28 日晚上 18： 30-21： 00 主要内容： 1主要语法知识点（四 ）非谓语动词，长难句分析及翻译 2阅读理解两篇 第五节 2009 年 3 月 29 日下午 15： 00-17： 30 主要内容： 1主要语法知识点（五）被动语态，练习及其译法 2阅读理解讲解 第六节 2009 年 3 月 29 日晚上 18： 30-21： 00 主要内容： 1主要语法知识点（六）被动语态，长难句分析及翻译 2阅读理解两篇 第七节 2009 年 4 月 4 日下午 15： 00-17： 30 主要内容： 1主要语法知识点（七）代词及虚拟语气，练习及其译法 2阅读理解讲解 3完型填空基本思路讲解

3、 第八节 2009 年 4 月 4 日晚上 18： 30-21： 00 主要内容： 1主要语法知识点（八）代词及虚拟语气，长难句分析及翻译 2词汇一般练习 3阅读理解两篇 第九节 2009 年 4 月 11 日下午 15： 00-17： 30 主要内容： 1词汇一般练习，形容词和副词的一般译法，长难句分析及翻译 2阅读理解讲解 第十节 2009 年 4 月 11 日晚上 18： 30-21： 00 主要内容： 1词汇一般练习 2阅读理解两篇、完型填空基本思路讲解 3最后复习指导性建议 推荐教材： 1英语笔译综合能力 3 级，外文出版社，黄源深总主编， 2006 年版。（黄皮书） 2 英语三级笔

4、译考试真题精选，外文出版社，卢敏编， 2006 年版。（蓝皮书） 课外阅读材料 ： 1 张培基、喻云根等，英汉翻译教程。上海：上海外语教育出版社， 1980 年版。 2 / 38 1e26af15dc5a6261c382fe19b42312b3 TopS 大家网，大家的！ http:/ 更多精品在大家！ 2 陈宏薇，新实用汉译英教程。武汉：湖北教育出版社， 1996 年版。 3 柯平，英汉与汉英翻译教程。北京：北京大学出版社， 1993 年版。 4 吕瑞昌、喻云根，汉英翻译教程。西安：陕西人民出版社， 1983 年版。 5 陆殿扬，英汉翻译理论与技巧（上 、 下册）。北京：时代出版社， 195

5、8 年版。 6 杨莉藜，英汉互译教程。开封：河南大学出版社， 1993 年版。 7 范仲英，实用翻译教程。北京：外语教学与研究出版社， 1994 年版。 8 冯庆华，实用翻译教程。上海：上海外语教育出版社， 1997 年版。 9 郭著章，英汉互译实用教程。武昌：武汉大学出版社， 1996 年版。 10 申雨平，实用英汉翻译教程。北京：外语教学与研究出版社， 2002 年版。 11 古今明，英汉翻译基础。上海：上海外语教育出版社， 2002 年版。 12 王恩冕、李正中，大学英汉翻译教程。北京：对外经济贸易大学出版社， 1998 年版。 13李长拴，非文学翻译理论与实践。北京： 中国对外翻译出版

6、公司 。 14姜桂华，中式英语之鉴。北京：清华大学出版社。 15庄绎传，英汉翻译简明教程。北京：外研社。 16 许渊冲 ： 翻译的艺术 ，五洲传播出版社出版。 17 包惠南著 ： 文化语境与语言翻译，中国对外翻译出版公司 。 18 何善芬等著 ： 英汉语言对比研究 ， 上海外语教育出版 社。 19 曾蕙兰 ： 进出口实用英语 ， 外文出版社 。 汉英中华文化词典 ， 上海外语教育出版社 。 20翻译研究论文集 (1894-1948、 1949-1983)(翻译通讯编辑部 ) 21 翻译理论与翻译 技巧文集 ， 中国对外翻译出版公司 。 22 Language, Culture, and Tra

7、nslation， by Eugene A. Nida, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press 词法、句法流派代表作 陆殿扬 ： 英汉翻译理论与技巧 ，商务印书馆。 张培基等 ： 英汉翻译教程 ， 上海外语教育出版社 。 冯树鉴 ： 实用英汉翻译技巧 ， 同济大学出版社。 功能流派的代表作 郭颐顿、张颖，商务英汉翻译教程 ， 中山大学出版社， 1995 年版。 张鸾铃，实用英汉翻译技巧 ， 广东教育出版社， 1996 年版。 谭宝全，现代英语翻译技巧 ， 上海交通大学出版社， 1997 年版。 当代译论流派代表作 柯平 ， 英汉与汉英翻译教程 ，北

8、京大学出版社。 杨莉藜 ， 英汉互译教程 ，河南 大学出版社 。 范仲英 ， 实用翻译教程 ， 外语教学与研究出版社 。 陈宏薇 ， 新实用汉译英教程 ， 湖北教育出版社 。 中文语法书目 吕叔湘，朱德熙：语法修辞讲话，辽宁教育出版社。 王力：中国现代语法，商务印书馆。王力：中国古代语法，商务印书馆。 高名凯：汉语语法理论，商务印书馆。吕叔湘：语法学习， 复旦大学出版社。 翻译史 马祖毅：中国翻译史，中国对外翻译出版公司。方文华：中国翻译史，西北大学出版社。 谭载喜：西方翻译简史，商务印书馆。 第一节 考试内容介绍、定语从句讲解、练习及译法 CATTI 三级笔译综合能力讲义 3 / 38 第

9、3 页 共 38 页 第一部分 考试介绍 一、考试题型 词汇和语法部分 50 题 25 分 25 分钟 阅读理解 50 题 55 分 75 分钟 完型填空 20 题 20 分 20 分钟 二、考试要求 掌握本大纲要的英语词汇；掌握并能够正确运用 双语语法；具备对常用问题英语文章的阅读理解能力。 三、笔译综合能力试题的基本类型 第一部分词汇和语法部分可分为三大部分：词汇选择（ Vocabulary and Grammar） 1-20难度大约在四级左右；词语替代（ Vocabulary Selection） 21-40 主要找出和划横线部分相同意思的词汇，难度在 4 级到 6 级之间；改错（ Er

10、ror Correction）主要有词汇和语法的两种错误。 第一部分考察的内容主要为近义词的辨析、短语介词和动词词组的搭配；语法点主要包括定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句、虚拟语 气、非谓语动词等等。在其后会分专题来讲解。 第二部分阅读理解共 5 篇，字数在每篇 150-450 字之间，绝大多数在 250 字左右，每篇有 5 到 10 题，不定量。题材广泛，选题多样。类似于四级以上难度和题型，但是和专业四级题型更加相似。 第三部分为开放性完型填空， 20 空，共 20 分。题材广泛，选题多样。难度和专业四级等同。 四、基本复习策略 综合能力课程作为三级笔译必修的课程，主要是考察学生对于英语基本知

11、识的了解，特别是对双语习惯的掌握，为了能够更好地为实务课程打下坚实的基础，所以希望每一位同学都不要对这门课程产生掉以 轻心的念头。根据个人经验，我个人推荐以下几个复习的策略： 第一、要对大纲的词汇做到十分熟悉，这种熟悉不是简单地认识，而是要学会使用，特别是在没有字典的帮助之下可以迅速而准确地判断搭配。 第二、对于语法结构的重视，但凡是学翻译就必须要对语法结构有着深入的了解，这种了解不是简单地会划分句子成分，而是将每个句子如何组合，这将决定你实务中的句型翻译的关键。 第三，阅读能力要强。任何考试都是得阅读者得天下，咱们的综合能力考试也不除外。包括实务考试，如果文章内容没有弄明白，那么对文章的翻译

12、肯定是不行的。 以上三点经验之 谈，仅供参考。 第二部分 定语从句的讲解、练习及译法 1 that 和 which 用法比较： 1) which 用于非限定性定语从句中。 e.g.: He said he was busy, which was not true. 他说他很忙，那是假的。 4 / 38 1e26af15dc5a6261c382fe19b42312b3 TopS 大家网，大家的！ http:/ 更多精品在大家！ We dont want to enter the house, which is very cold. 我们不想进房间，因为太冷了。 2) which 用于介词后做宾语

13、。 e.g.: The room of which windows are opposite to the room is large. 窗户正对着海的房间很大。 The chair in which you are sitting is made of iron. 你坐的椅子是用钢做的。 3) that 一定用于“不（不定代词作先行词时）止（“只是” only 修饰先行词时）最（形容词最高级修饰先行词时）两（先行词同时出现人和物）序（序数词修饰先行词时）”五种情况。 e.g.: All that you need is help. 你所需要的是帮助。 A lot of things and

14、children that are full of the car were lost in the district. 装满了车的东西和孩子们在这个地区失踪了。 That is only thing that I want to know. 那是我唯一想知道的事情。 The last book that you bought is that I wanted to buy. 你买的最后一本书是我想买的。 What is the size of the largest map that you have seen before? 你以前见过的最大的尺寸的地图有多大？ 2定语从句的种类 定语从句

15、可分为非限定性定语从句（描绘性定语从句）和限定性定语从句。 e.g.: They dont like that person who is noisy. 他们不喜欢那个吵闹的人。 *非限定性定语从句（描绘性定语从句）和先行词关系紧密，不可省略。 e.g.: They dont like that person, who is noisy. 他们不喜欢那个 人，因为他太吵闹了。 *限定性定语从句和先行词关系疏松，用逗号和主句隔开，可以省略。它翻译时，相当于一个状语从句。 语法及词汇练习 1. The bridge was named _ the hero who gave his life fo

16、r the cause of the people. A after B with C by D from 2. There were no tickets _ for Fridays performance. A preferable B considerable C possible D available 3. _ the Revolutionary War, the United States was an English colony. A Inferior to B Superior to C Prior to D Preferable to 4. Cancer is second

17、 only _ heart disease as a cause of death. A of B to C with D from 5. It wasnt such a good dinner _ she had promised us. A that B which C as D what 6. American women were _ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle. A ignored B neglected C refused D denied 7. They decided to cha

18、se the cow away _ it did more damage. A unless B until C before D although 8. _ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question. A Each B Any C Either D One 9. The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at _ chemists. A each B some C any D certain CATTI 三级笔译综合能力讲义 5

19、/ 38 第 5 页 共 38 页 10. All _ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life. A what is needed B for our needs C the thing needed D that is needed 11. _ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A When compared B Compare C While comparing D Comparing 12

20、. After _ for the job, you will be required to take a language test. A being interviewed B interviewed C interviewing D having interviewed 13. _ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist. A That was from Stephen B It was Stephen whom C It was from Stephen that D It was Stephen that 14.

21、If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller _. A suit B set C one D pair 15. Many new _ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education. A opportunities B necessities C realities D probabilities 16. He must have had an accident, or he _ then. A would have b

22、een here B had to be here C should be here D would be here 17. You _ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing. A neednt have done B must not have done C shouldnt have done D can not have done 18. It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you _ it. A mustnt have don

23、e B wouldnt have done C mightnt have done D didnt have to do 19. It was essential that the applications forms _ back before the deadline. A must be sent B would be sent C be sent D were sent 20. We _ our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A just have had B have just had C just had D had jus

24、t had 21. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _ I heard voices. A as B while C after D when 22. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, _ something occurred which attracted my attention. A unless B until C when D while 23. It was essential that these application f

25、orms _ back as early as possible. A must be sent B will be sent C are sent D be sent 24. The children went there to watch the iron tower _. A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected 25. The engine _ smoke and steam. A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off 26. The manager promised to

26、keep me _ of how our business was going on. A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing 27. The goals _ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. A after which B for which C with which D at which 28. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and _ in a quiet n

27、eighborhood. A all in all B above all C after all D over all 29. _ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now 30. What you have done is _ the doctors orders. A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to 6 / 38 1e26a

28、f15dc5a6261c382fe19b42312b3 TopS 大家网，大家的！ http:/ 更多精品在大家！ 译法： 1定语从句的前置合译法： On the whole, such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if h

29、e was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed. 译文： 总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和 与他比较的 另一些孩子的态度相同；他也没有因为缺乏 别的孩子已掌握的 有关知识而被扣分。 2定语从句的前置合译法与后置分译法： Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop

30、his or her capacity for appropriate response will experience greater intellectual development. 译文： 行为主义者认为 , 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素 , 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展 , 那么 , 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。 The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took roots in Europe lo

31、ng before people realized how diverse languages could be. 译文： 希腊人认为，语言结构与思维能力过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。 3定语从句的溶合变译法； This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not wan

32、t to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.(48 words) 译文： 这种假设是依据这样的一种谬论：人的本性中存在天生的惰性。而实际上，除了特别懒惰的人以外，几乎没有人愿意挣只相当于最低生活维持费的钱，也没有人愿意饱食终日、无所事事。 定语从句翻译练习： 1. Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them

33、unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture. 在 20 世纪以前 , 小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点 , 因而无法成为具有个性的人 ; 他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。 2. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to it

34、s always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity. 铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起 , 最普遍的是跟氧结合 ; 因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力 , 由于这个原因 , 在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。所以 , 铝直到 19 世纪才被人发现。 3. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old m

35、uscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty. 对于以往几代人来说 , 旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段 , 而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动 , 因此首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。 4. The number of the young people in the United States who cant read is incredible about one in four. 大约有 1/4 的美国青年人没有阅读能力 , 这简直令

36、人难以置信。（前置译法） 第二节 语法及词汇练习、定语从句长难句分析及翻译、阅读理解讲解 CATTI 三级笔译综合能力讲义 7 / 38 第 7 页 共 38 页 回顾也是一种前瞻 Reviewing is preparing us for the future 第一部分 语法及词汇练习 1. John regretted _ to the meeting last week. A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going 2. We regret to inform you that the materia

37、ls you ordered are _. A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice 3. They _ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions. A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward 4. Mrs. Brown is supposed _ for Italy last week. A to have left B to be leaving C to leave D to hav

38、e been left 5. Hes watching TV? Hes _ to be cleaning his room. A known B considered C regarded D supposed 6. My camera can be _ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions. A treated B adjusted C adopted D remedied 7. A new technique _, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent. A working out

39、 B having worked out C having been worked out D to have been worded out 8. Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded _ 27%. A by B for C to D in 9. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _. A hurt B damaged C spoiled D harmed 10. When Mr. Jones gets old, he

40、 will _ over his business to his son. A take B hand C think D get 11. We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so lets have _ one this month. A another B more C the other D other 12. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _. A the other B any other C

41、another D other 13. It was difficult to guess what her _ to the news would be. A impression B reaction C comment D opinion 14. I decided to go to the library as soon as I _. A finish what I did B finished what I did C would finish what I was doing D finished what I was doing 15. We are interested in

42、 the weather because it _ us so directly what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel. A benefits B affects C guides D effects 16. Will all those _ the proposal raise their hands? A in relation to B in contrast to C in excess of D in favor of 17. Children are very curious _. A at heart B in person

43、 C on purpose D by nature 18. The match was cancelled because most of the members _ a match without a standard court. A objected to having B were objected to have C objected to have D were objected to having 19. The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to the manager of the company. A have told B

44、having told C being told D be told 20. The teacher doesnt permit _ in class. 8 / 38 1e26af15dc5a6261c382fe19b42312b3 TopS 大家网，大家的！ http:/ 更多精品在大家！ A smoke B to smoke C smoking D to have a smoke 21. As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _ it. A postpone B refuse C delay D

45、 cancel 22. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _ you need. A all the information B all the informations C all of information D all of the informations 23. Not until the game had begun _ at the sports ground. A had he arrived B would he have arrived C did he arrive D should

46、 he have arrived 24. Young people are not _ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in. A conservative B content C confident D generous 25. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _. A granted B implied C exaggerated D remedied 26. These surveys indicate that many crimes go _ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them. A unrecorded B to be unrecorded C unrecording D to have been unrecorded 27. I have no objection _ your story again. A to hear B to hearing C to having heard D to have