2018年研究生入学统一考试试题英语二.DOC

1、 Born to win 2018 年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语 二 ） Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful

2、? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3. In a series of four experiments, behaviora

3、l scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twi

4、st?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which oneswould shock them clicked more pens and incurred mor

5、e shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Ch

6、ristopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight thatcuriosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a

7、 final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on ones curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor

8、. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity.“Hsee says.In other words,dont read online comments. 1. A. resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore 2.A. refuse B. wait C. seek D. regret 3.A. rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt 4.A. alert B. tie C. expose D .tre

9、at 5.A. message B. trial C. review D. concept 6.A. remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt 7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When 8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change Born to win 9. A. rather than B. such as C. regardless of D. owing to 10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D. discover 11.

10、A. pay B. marriage C. food D. schooling 12.A. begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to 13.A. withdrawal B. inquiry C. persistence D. diligence 14.A. self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-deceptive 15.A. resist B. define C. replace D. trace 16.A. predict B. overlook C. design

11、 D. conceal 17. A. remember B. choose C. promise D. pretend 18. A. relief B. plan C. outcome D. duty 19.A. whether B. why C. where D. how 20. A .limitations B. investments C. strategies D. consequences 1. A 解析：句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有 _不确定性的内在需求”。 A解决 B保护 C讨论 D忽视，根据动

12、宾搭配关系，解决不确定性搭配合理。 2. C 解析：本题考查动介词搭配。根据原文语境，需要选择一个动词和后面的“ to”连用。 A拒绝做 .B等待做 .C寻求，力求做 .D后悔做 .结合文意“人们要 _ 满足他们的好奇心”来判断，正选为 C寻求，力求做。 3. D 解析：根据原文语境，“ painful, uncertainty”均为消极词汇。 4. C 解析： 固定搭配考查。根据原文语境，考查短语 _ sb to sth 意为“让某人承受某事”。因此， C 选项为正选。 5. B 解析： 根据上文，第二段句首提到 in a series of four experiments,说明是在“实验

13、”的语境。结合四个选项， A信息 B实验 C复习 D观念，只有 B 选项和段落语境相符合。因此为正选。 6. C 解析： 动宾搭配。结合语境，“当点击的时候，一半的钢笔会 _电流。”根据动宾搭配，本题 需要一个动词来搭配电流，考查四个选项， A移除 B削弱 C传递 D打扰 A 选项更符合语境。 7. D 解析：时间状语的考查。结合语境，“ _被独自留在房间，学生会 .” ,因此，这是一个非常明显的时间状语从句。正选为 D. 8. A 解析：动词辨析。结合原文语境，由 who 引导的定语从句修饰前面的学生，而在定语从句中，又出现由 what 引导的宾语从句。结合宾语从句的含义，“知道接下来会发生

14、什么”更符合语境。 9. B Born to win 解析：结合语境，后面语境为并列关系，因此此题应填举例子。 B 为正选。 10. D 解析： Discover 与上文中的 Curiosity 相对应。 11 C 解析： 本词与后文的 Basic drives 的详细说明。与 shelter 一样都属于人类的基本需求。 12 D 解析：破折号的内容是对前文 instinct 的解释。说明这种本能能够促进新的科学发展，属于因果关系。 13. B 解析：跟前文的 drives 相对应。 14. A 解析：本题与前文的 backfire 相对应，都属于贬义词。 15. A 解析：从后文的试验中，参

15、与者应该被鼓励参与，因此跟前文的坚持相对应。 16. A 解析：通 过后文的 after 能看出这个事情并没有发生，因此填预测。 17. B 解析：动宾搭配。 18： C 解析： of 引导的后置定语。由一个人的好奇心所带来的结果。 19： A 解析： whether 引导宾语从句。 20： D 解析：关联对应，对应 18 题的 outcome. Section Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choos

16、ing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （ 40 points） Text 1 It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future. Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school wher

17、e learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain? As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just a

18、bout everything. Nothing is Born to win necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle. But hes also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is se

19、en as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype, that its for kids who cant make it academically,” he says. On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of Americas evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The j

20、ob security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rigitfully so. But the headlong push into bachelors degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point:

21、Thats not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelors degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained. In other words, at a tim

22、e when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most arent equipped to do them. Koz

23、iateks Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap. Koziateks school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nations diversity of gifts. 21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students lack of_. A. mechanical memorization B

24、. academic training C. practical ability D. pioneering spirit 22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who_. A. are financially disadvantaged B. are not academically successful C. have a stereotyped mind D. have no career motivation 23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that

25、high school graduates_. A. are entitled to more “educational privileges B. are reluctant to work in manufacturing C .used to have more job opportunities D. used to have big financial concerns 24. The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all_. A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs B. may nar

26、row the gap in working-class jobs C. is expected to yield a better-trained workforce D. indicates the overvaluing of higher education 25. The authors attitude toward Koziateks school can be described as_. Born to win A. supportive B. disappointed C. tolerant D. cautious 21. 答案 C practical ability 这是

27、一道细节题，根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话 ,意思是 ” 什么时候这种观点变得可接受了呢？学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字，但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无策 ” 。从作者使用问句的形式就可判断出作者并不接受这种观点，即学生只学会书本上的知识而不具备实际能力。再结合上一句话即本段第二句话， Mr Koziatek 是 New Hampshire 高中的一名老师，在这所学校，学习不只是书本上的知识，或者是为了考试，也不是为了机械化的记忆，而是为了实际的技能 。能看出，作者认为学生们缺少的是实际技能，所以答案是 C practical ability. 22. 答案 B are no

28、t academically successful 这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词职业教育对孩子存在的偏见可定位至第四段最后一句，意思是“在很多职业化教育的学校中，有这样一种老套的思想，那就是，职业教育是针对那些在学术上不能成功的那些孩子的。”根据这句话可确定答案就是 B are not academically successful 。其他选项均不符合文意。 23 答案 C used to have more job opportunities 这是一道 细节推断题，根据题干第五段和 high school graduates 回到原文定位致第五段第三句，说到美国经济曾经提供给高中毕业生

29、的那种 the job security 已经在很大程度上 evaporated 也就是消失了，那说明过去的时候高中毕业生是有职业安全感的，故选 C，其他选项都不在定位处，可以排除。 24.答案 D indicate the overvaluing of higher education 这是一道事实细节题 ，根据题干内容 “the headlong push” 找到出处是第六段开头 But 后，发现后面还有一个 and.和其并列，所以主要关注对这两部分的评价，后面有明显的标点：冒号出现，冒号后说 that is not the only thing the American economy

30、needs. 可以看出这句话对前面的否定，选项中只有 D 选项动词 overvalue 是负面词，而且提到主题词 education。故选 D。这道题最适合用感情色彩来排除与 D 相反的其他三个选项。 25.答案 A supportive 这 是 一道 态度题，放在最末的态度题更倾向于到最后一段找答案。通过定位词 Koziateks school 看到最后一段也确实提到了，说它是一个 wake-up call。也就是在唤醒人们教育不应该是统一的形式，这样会 overlooking a nations diversity of gifts ，也就是忽视人才的差异性。所以可以看出作者是支持的态度。

31、 Text2 While fossil fuels- coal, oil, gas- still generate roughly 85 percent of the worlds energy supply, its clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of

32、new power sources going on line. Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted Business to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the stories about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the co

33、st of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years. Born to win In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead

34、, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US ,reported the US Energy Information Administration. President Trump has underlined fossil fuels - es

35、pecially coal - as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source, But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the states electricity generation - and where tech gi

36、ants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers. The question “what happens when the wind doesnt blow or the sun doesntshine?“ has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage-capacity of batteries is making their ability

37、to keep power flowing around the clock more likely. The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.

38、 While theres a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps: just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does-or doesnt do- to promote alternative energy may mean less and l

39、ess a time of a global shift in thought. 26. The word “plummeting“(Line 3,Para.2) is closest in meaning to _ A. stabilizing B. changing C. falling D. rising 27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America _ A. is progressing notably B. is as extensive as in Europe C. faces many

40、challenges D. has proved to be impractical 28. It can be learned that in Iowa, _. A. wind is a widely used energy source B. wind energy has replaced fossil fuels C. tech giants are investing in clean energy D. there is a shortage of clean energy supply 29. Which of the following is true about clean

41、energy according to Paragraphs 5 developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it. Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat

42、constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctors appointment or important meeting,” he writes. Another approach to getting more done in less time

43、is to rethink how you priorities your day-in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study act

44、ivities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day. While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues th

45、at inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results. In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.” “Idleness is not just a vac

46、ation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body.idleness is ,paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues. Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downti

47、me and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient. “What people dont realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain.”

48、 says Pillay. 36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to_ A. seize every minute to work B. list you immediate tasks C. make specific daily plans D. Keep to your focus time 37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that A. students are hardly motivated by monthly goals B. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected C. distractions may actually increase efficiency D. daily schedules arc indispensable to studying 38. According to Newport, idleness is _- A. a desirable mental state for busy people