成本控制与优化设计的关系.doc

1、conferences, learned superiors policies; reports, you can learn to deal with problems, art, just wanted to learn, to learn at any time. To continuously expand the scope of the study. The complexity and comprehensiveness of our work, decided to not only do we want to be “professionals“, or if “genera

2、lists“, to dabble in different areas of knowledge. Mastery of knowledge not only to have knowledge to rational analysis. This on requirements we, not only to learning national of route, and approach, and policy, also to learning national of legal, and regulations; not only to with political theory a

3、rmed mind, also to with economic theory guide work; not only to read history, also to read history; not only to absorption SM of mirror, also to gets is of road; not only to from local learn, also to to outside learn; not only to to books learn, also to field study learn. Therefore, I would encourag

4、e you, and more to the outside world when I have time to take a look at, take a stroll, outside developments, learn other peoples development approach, and then come back to guide our work. Second, we must think. “Learning without thought to overshadow, thinking without learning is perilous.“ We wan

5、t to foster the character of advancing with the times, forge ahead, often reflect themselves in adapting to the new situation on whether there are delays, have anything to fear in the reform and innovation, whether in terms of accelerating the development of a relaxation, keep promising State of min

6、d. In order to do investigations, investigations is the road to heaven, God disposes of the base. To wants to real heard truth, and justice to truth, and get truth, received effectiveness, on must in-depth actual, and outreach, and in-depth masses, worship masses for Division, and masses heart, with

7、 masses with discussion everyone care of problem, listening they of calls, understand they of mood, feel they of suffering, summary they of experience, concentrated they of wisdom, especially on masses most hope, and most urgent, and most worries, and most complained of hot, and difficulties and foc

8、us problem, more to active research, caught not put. Dare to innovate, in our work, often remain “the old way doesnt work, the new approach would not“ situation, the reason, the key is that many people know that copying other peoples ideas, mechanically, using someone elses old ways. To change this

9、predicament, requires us to break the shackles of traditional concepts to overcome conservative, conformist, good at finding new problems and to accept new things, summarize new experience, new ideas, developing new programmes and Maverick, a new approach to solve problems, speed up development. Esp

10、ecially in implement superior policy spirit of process in the, both implementation, and cannot mechanically, to to extraordinary of courage and develop enterprising of spirit, put flexibility and principle combined up, put superior of spirit and local reality combined up, Yong conspiracy to breakthr

11、ough of policy, and exercise innovation of lift, developed out development works of, and grass-roots welcomes of, andAccording to Office Party of mass line education practice activities led group of unified arrangements, units main led to for cadres workers Shang a times party lecture, due to himsel

12、f level limited, only put this stage concentrated learning of experience today and everyone common with learning exchange, purpose is let we further deep understanding mass line of connotation, insisted party of mass line, do masses work, following main from four a aspects told: a, and full awarenes

13、s party of mass line education practice activities of major meaning Partys 18 major distinct proposed to focus on the partys advanced nature and purity, in the party, with “pragmatic and clean for the people“ as the main content of the partys mass line and educational practice. This is comrade XI Ji

14、nping as party General Secretary and adhere to strictly administering the party, strengthen the partys major decision is in line with the public expectations and strengthening the construction of learning-oriented service innovation of Marxist partys major deployment, is the important measure to adv

15、ance the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. First, carry out the partys mass line in education practice, was carrying 18 of the party spirit, summon a powerful force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation the Chinese dream of urgent needs. Partys 18 to promote

16、 strategic deployment to building socialism with Chinese characteristics, presents two 100-year goal, namely, by 2020 Chinas gross domestic product and per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2010 on the basis of double complete the building of a well-off society; the middle of this centur

17、y into a prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious Socialist modern country, and on this basis, the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 18 Congress of the party, Comrade XI Jinping repeatedly expounded the Chinese dream. The basic connotation of the Chines

18、e dream, is the national prosperity, national revitalization, the happiness of the people, China important to follow is to keep China Road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion strength of China, dream dreams of the people of China, but determined confidence, enhance self-awareness, achieve self-re

19、liance, to build a stronger China, civilization, harmony, beauty, China, China, China. Strategic conception of China was 18 the spirit of the enrichment and development of the party, conscientiously study the Chinese dream, leading people to hard to realize the Chinese dream, mass education activiti

20、es in depth the fundamental starting point and ending point. Strengthen the education of the partys mass line, helps to train the collective consciousness of the unity of the party and the people, playing the Chinese dream ideological bases. Comrade Mao Zedong stressed that parties should have “comm

21、on language“ socialist countries must have “unity of will“. History has成本控制与优化设计的关系一、 投资决策阶段 投资决策阶段是项目开发中最为关键的阶段，此阶段所做的项目策划书、投资估算是投资决策的重要依据，直接影响整个项目的成败。在这一阶段应着重从以下几方面加强成本管理。1.组织优秀的项目团队 项目行性研究以及产品的开发策划是一个系统、专业的工作。在投资决策阶段，公司需要组织一个由集团公司和地产公司经验丰富的专业技术人才组成的项目组，成本控制人员要参与投资决策阶段的具体工作。项目组应由以下人员组成：建筑师、结构师、造价工

22、程师、工程技术人员、投资分析人员、经营管理人员（或项目经理）。 在投资决策阶段，项目组应完成从市场调研、产品策划、产品定位、风险分析到投资估算与分析的全过程工作。其中，成本控制人员主要对城市的市场状况和经济形势、建筑安装工程造价状况、政府费税情况、贷款利率等做出充分的了解、分析和判断。 2.进行详细的成本分析 （1）土地开发成本 土地成本支出约占项目总支出的 20-30，因此对土地的确定应充分考虑开发风险和升值空间，其成本的确定应包含： conferences, learned superiors policies; reports, you can learn to deal with pr

23、oblems, art, just wanted to learn, to learn at any time. To continuously expand the scope of the study. The complexity and comprehensiveness of our work, decided to not only do we want to be “professionals“, or if “generalists“, to dabble in different areas of knowledge. Mastery of knowledge not onl

24、y to have knowledge to rational analysis. This on requirements we, not only to learning national of route, and approach, and policy, also to learning national of legal, and regulations; not only to with political theory armed mind, also to with economic theory guide work; not only to read history, a

25、lso to read history; not only to absorption SM of mirror, also to gets is of road; not only to from local learn, also to to outside learn; not only to to books learn, also to field study learn. Therefore, I would encourage you, and more to the outside world when I have time to take a look at, take a

26、 stroll, outside developments, learn other peoples development approach, and then come back to guide our work. Second, we must think. “Learning without thought to overshadow, thinking without learning is perilous.“ We want to foster the character of advancing with the times, forge ahead, often refle

27、ct themselves in adapting to the new situation on whether there are delays, have anything to fear in the reform and innovation, whether in terms of accelerating the development of a relaxation, keep promising State of mind. In order to do investigations, investigations is the road to heaven, God dis

28、poses of the base. To wants to real heard truth, and justice to truth, and get truth, received effectiveness, on must in-depth actual, and outreach, and in-depth masses, worship masses for Division, and masses heart, with masses with discussion everyone care of problem, listening they of calls, unde

29、rstand they of mood, feel they of suffering, summary they of experience, concentrated they of wisdom, especially on masses most hope, and most urgent, and most worries, and most complained of hot, and difficulties and focus problem, more to active research, caught not put. Dare to innovate, in our w

30、ork, often remain “the old way doesnt work, the new approach would not“ situation, the reason, the key is that many people know that copying other peoples ideas, mechanically, using someone elses old ways. To change this predicament, requires us to break the shackles of traditional concepts to overc

31、ome conservative, conformist, good at finding new problems and to accept new things, summarize new experience, new ideas, developing new programmes and Maverick, a new approach to solve problems, speed up development. Especially in implement superior policy spirit of process in the, both implementat

32、ion, and cannot mechanically, to to extraordinary of courage and develop enterprising of spirit, put flexibility and principle combined up, put superior of spirit and local reality combined up, Yong conspiracy to breakthrough of policy, and exercise innovation of lift, developed out development work

33、s of, and grass-roots welcomes of, andAccording to Office Party of mass line education practice activities led group of unified arrangements, units main led to for cadres workers Shang a times party lecture, due to himself level limited, only put this stage concentrated learning of experience today

34、and everyone common with learning exchange, purpose is let we further deep understanding mass line of connotation, insisted party of mass line, do masses work, following main from four a aspects told: a, and full awareness party of mass line education practice activities of major meaning Partys 18 m

35、ajor distinct proposed to focus on the partys advanced nature and purity, in the party, with “pragmatic and clean for the people“ as the main content of the partys mass line and educational practice. This is comrade XI Jinping as party General Secretary and adhere to strictly administering the party

36、, strengthen the partys major decision is in line with the public expectations and strengthening the construction of learning-oriented service innovation of Marxist partys major deployment, is the important measure to advance the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. First, carry ou

37、t the partys mass line in education practice, was carrying 18 of the party spirit, summon a powerful force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation the Chinese dream of urgent needs. Partys 18 to promote strategic deployment to building socialism with Chinese characteristics, prese

38、nts two 100-year goal, namely, by 2020 Chinas gross domestic product and per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2010 on the basis of double complete the building of a well-off society; the middle of this century into a prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious Socialist modern coun

39、try, and on this basis, the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 18 Congress of the party, Comrade XI Jinping repeatedly expounded the Chinese dream. The basic connotation of the Chinese dream, is the national prosperity, national revitalization, the happiness of

40、the people, China important to follow is to keep China Road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion strength of China, dream dreams of the people of China, but determined confidence, enhance self-awareness, achieve self-reliance, to build a stronger China, civilization, harmony, beauty, China, China,

41、 China. Strategic conception of China was 18 the spirit of the enrichment and development of the party, conscientiously study the Chinese dream, leading people to hard to realize the Chinese dream, mass education activities in depth the fundamental starting point and ending point. Strengthen the edu

42、cation of the partys mass line, helps to train the collective consciousness of the unity of the party and the people, playing the Chinese dream ideological bases. Comrade Mao Zedong stressed that parties should have “common language“ socialist countries must have “unity of will“. History has土地出让金。土地

43、出让金可参考政府近期出让的类似地块，并结合其位置及周边状况、建筑容积率等进行修正估算。 土地征用费、城市配套费、拆迁安置补偿费 土地征用费、城市配套费均有具体规定。开发企业在与政府协商时应充分利用政策优势，针对性地对项目所涉及的各项市政大配套进行实际调研，对管线的增容、道路的拓宽、公建的配套作充分估计。拆迁安置补偿费一般采用货币补偿，其费用可参照近期类似项目。 （2）前期工程费用估算 前期开发费一般占项目总支出的 3左右，但因各地实际收费差异也有很大差别。“三通一平”“和临时设施费应根据实际估算，并结合实际状况充分发挥临时设施对项目建设的相对永久性，从而相对降低开发成本。 前期工程费用中的其它

44、费用较为繁多，规定费率与实际收费有差异，开发商应注意同相关部门协调。同时，随着政府职能的转变，许多规费由硬性指标转变为市场调控，开发商应确保其既符合政府政策要求，又满足项目开发利益。 （3）建筑安装工程造价成本 建筑安装工程造价一般占项目总支出的 45-55，因地域差异比例数也不尽相同。其成本分析应首先分析当前区域经济形势，掌握建筑市场中施工企业总体状况。调研近期类似项目造价指标，了解市场人工、材料变动情况，对影响造价的主要conferences, learned superiors policies; reports, you can learn to deal with problems,

45、 art, just wanted to learn, to learn at any time. To continuously expand the scope of the study. The complexity and comprehensiveness of our work, decided to not only do we want to be “professionals“, or if “generalists“, to dabble in different areas of knowledge. Mastery of knowledge not only to ha

46、ve knowledge to rational analysis. This on requirements we, not only to learning national of route, and approach, and policy, also to learning national of legal, and regulations; not only to with political theory armed mind, also to with economic theory guide work; not only to read history, also to

47、read history; not only to absorption SM of mirror, also to gets is of road; not only to from local learn, also to to outside learn; not only to to books learn, also to field study learn. Therefore, I would encourage you, and more to the outside world when I have time to take a look at, take a stroll

48、, outside developments, learn other peoples development approach, and then come back to guide our work. Second, we must think. “Learning without thought to overshadow, thinking without learning is perilous.“ We want to foster the character of advancing with the times, forge ahead, often reflect them

49、selves in adapting to the new situation on whether there are delays, have anything to fear in the reform and innovation, whether in terms of accelerating the development of a relaxation, keep promising State of mind. In order to do investigations, investigations is the road to heaven, God disposes of the base. To wants to real heard truth, and justice to truth, and get truth, received effectiveness, on must in-depth actual, and outreach, and in-depth masses, worship masses for Division, and masses heart, with masses with discussion everyon