1、纳络酮和西咪替丁对电针大鼠足三里胃酸分泌效应的影响作者:黄裕新,赵保民,张卫东,赵宁侠,王庆伟,王庆莉 【关键词】 电针 关键词: 电针;足三里;纳络酮;西咪替丁;胃肠激素 摘 要:目的 探讨电针调节胃酸分泌的机制. 方法 采用精密酸度计测定电针后空腹胃液 pH 值,滴定法测定胃液酸度,放免法测定胃液、血浆、胃粘膜及颌下腺 Gas 和 EGF 含量. 结果 注射纳络酮大鼠胃液酸度较生理盐水组有明显提高(35.31.7)vs(26.82.0)mmolL -1 ,P0.01,并用电针足三里后胃液酸度降低,pH 升高(2.90.1)vs(1.90.2) ,P0.01,两组胃液、血浆及胃粘膜 Gas明
2、显增高,EGF 含量降低.注射西咪替丁胃液量减少 pH 升高,胃酸度明显下降(19.80.8)vs(26.82.0)mmolL-1 ,P0.01.并用电针足三里无显著变化.胃液、血浆、胃粘膜及颌下腺 Gas 和 EGF 均显著升高. 结论 纳络酮促进电针足三里对胃酸分泌的抑制作用.西咪替丁抑制胃酸分泌,同时促进颌下腺、胃粘膜 EGF 合成与释放.电针足三里不能改变已受抑制的胃酸分泌状态. Keywords:electroacupuncture;zusanli;cimetidin;naloxone;gastrointestinal hormones Abstract:AIM To study t
3、he regulative effects of elec-troacupuncture(EA)at zusanli on gastric acid secretion of in METHODS The pHs-2c-Meter was applied to measure the pH value of the gastric juice.The acidity of gastric juice was measured by means of colorimetric titration.Radio-im-munoassay was used to measure the content
4、s of gastrin(Gas )and epidermal growth factor(EGF)in gastric juice,plasma,gastric mucosa and submaxollary gland.RESULTS Gastric acidity in naloxone group was significantly higher than that of in NS(35.31.7)vs(26.82.0)mmolL-1 ,P0.01.The pH value of gastric juice in naloxone-zusanli group was remarkab
5、ly higher than that of in naloxone group(2.90.1)vs(1.90.2) ,P0.01.The contents of Gas increased,whereas concertration of EGF decreased in the gastric juice, plasma and acid gastric mucosa in both groups.After inject-ing cimetidine into rats,the volume of fasting gastric juice decreased.Meanwhile,pH
6、value rose,and the acidity dropped(19.80.8)vs(26.82.0)mmolL-1 ,P0.01.There was no significant difference of EA at zusanli with cimetidin observed.The contents of Gas and EGF in plasma,gastric juice,gastric mucosa and submaxollary gland had in-creased significantly in both groups.CONCLUSION Nalox-one
7、 could prompt the inhibitive effect of EA on gastric acid secretion in rats.Cimetidine inhibits gastric acid secretion as well as promotes the synthesis of EGF in submaxillay.EA at zusanli can not alter the fact that the gastric acid secretion is inhibited by cimetidine. 0 引言 许多研究报告发现,在刺激胃酸分泌状态下或正常胃
8、酸分泌状态下电针足三里可抑制胃酸分泌1-3 .关于抑酸状态下的电针效应尚不清楚,因而尚不能判断电针足三里是否具有双向调节作用.我们采用纳洛酮和西咪替丁阻滞后电针足三里,观察大鼠胃酸分泌的影响.探讨内啡肽和组胺在针刺中的作用. 1 材料和方法 1.1 材料 SD 大鼠 35 只,体质量 200250g,1214wk,兼配;盐酸纳络酮注射液(军事医学科学院北京四环制药厂) ,西咪替丁注射液(天津中美史克制药有限公司).实验笼系我们自行设计并改造的大鼠实验笼.大鼠可自行钻进笼内,在无麻醉无创伤、完全清醒状态下接受电针.G6805-A 型电针仪(广东汕头医疗器械仪器厂)电针参数:频率范围 215Hz,
9、空载电压 2035V,疏密波,时间 30min.pHS-2C 型精密酸度计(上海雷磁仪器厂). 1.2 方法 参照中国兽医针灸学确定足三里穴于大鼠后肢膝关节下方腓骨小头下约 5mm 处.大鼠随机分 7 组:空白对照组,不用药不针刺,每日按规定时间在笼内滞留 30min,连续 3d;生理盐水对照组,尾 iv 生理盐水1mL,笼内滞留 30min,连续 3d,不针刺;纳络酮或西咪替丁组,分别注射纳络酮(2mgkg-1 ,液体积 1mL)和西咪替丁(100mgkg-1 ,1mL) ,笼内滞留 30min,连续 3d,不针刺;药物+足三里组,纳络酮和西咪替丁用量同上,连续用药 3d,药后 30min
10、电针双侧足三里,持续 30min.足三里穴组,每日同一时间,电针双侧足三里,持续 30min,连续 3d.各实验组大鼠于电针结束前禁食 24h,自由饮水,结束后即刻 im846 合剂(1mLkg-1 ).麻醉后断头取血、胃液、胃粘膜及颌下腺,处理方法同先前研究4 .酸度计测定胃液 pH,中和滴定法测胃液酸度.放免法测定血浆,胃液及组织匀浆液胃泌素(Gas)和表皮生长因子(EGF)含量. 统计学处理:实验数据用 x s 表示,t 检验及方差分析. 2 结果 2.1 胃液量、pH 及胃液酸度 电针足三里显著抑制胃液及胃酸分泌(P0.01 和P0.05,Tab1) ,并用电针足三里后胃液酸度更低 p
11、H 值升高,西咪替丁抑制胃酸分泌及减少胃液量,并用电针足三里后无显著差异.表 1 大鼠空腹胃液量、pH 及胃液酸度(略) 2.2 胃液、血浆、胃粘膜及颌下腺 Gas 和 EGF 浓度 电针足三里穴后血浆 Gas 和 EGF 降低,胃粘膜 Gas 和 EGF 均升高,胃液 EGF 含量增加,颌下腺 EGF 含量无变化.纳络酮提高血浆、胃液及胃粘膜 Gas,血浆胃液,胃粘膜及颌下腺 EGF 含量均降低.并用针刺足三里使上述指标进一步提高.西咪替丁组胃粘膜 EGF 降低胃液、血浆及胃粘膜Gas 升高,颌下腺 EGF 增多,并用足三里穴上述指标无显著性改变(Tab2).表 2 电针后大鼠胃液、血浆、胃
12、粘膜及颌下腺 Gas 和 EGF 含量(略) 3 讨论 在开展针刺研究的早期,首先发现针刺镇痛与中枢内源性阿片肽释放有关5 ,后来发现引起胃酸分泌的变化与此也有关.Feldman 等6 报道吗啡类似物抑制人的胃酸分泌.Bado 等7 在猫的实验中观察到脑啡肽的抑制剂对胃酸分泌有抑制作用,且可使纳络酮反转,说明阿片肽对胃酸分泌具有抑制作用.姜松林等8 给家兔注射纳络酮后,针刺足三里抑制胃肠运动的效应消失,提示有阿片肽参与.但检测发现垂体前叶和血浆 -EP 含量无明显变化,而胃肠道 -EP 含量显著升高9 ,提示针刺足三里诱导胃肠粘膜 -EP 合成与释放.本实验提示纳络酮本身有促进胃酸分泌作用或阻
13、断了 -EP 的抑酸作用.可能是内啡肽抑制胃泌素细胞腺苷酸环化酶,使减少 cAMP 生成作用途径被纳络酮阻断10 ,因而出现胃泌素合成增多,释放增加,产生泌酸效应.纳络酮阻断后,电针足三里出现进一步的抑酸效应,可能与纳络酮增加电针刺激引起的另类阿片肽释放有关11 ,或与胃粘膜 EGF 高表达有关12 ,也与电针刺激还可产生另外的抑酸物质如 SS 及在本实验中观察到的 EGF 有关4 .西咪替丁是 H2 受体阻滞剂,有明确而肯定的抑酸作用.注射西咪替丁后,大鼠胃液量减少,胃液 pH 升高,酸度明显下降,血浆、胃液及胃粘膜组织 GAS 含量升高,是机体负反馈机制的作用结果,电针足三里对这种反馈机制
14、略有加强作用,说明电针足三里较西咪替丁抑酸效果相当,但不能调高已受抑制的胃酸分泌状态,因此,电针足三里对胃酸分泌的双向调节作用可能需在制作低酸疾病模型的实验研究中观察.此结果与中医临床采用针刺足三里治疗胃溃疡患者疼痛发作有效相一致13,14 .氨基酸类递质在电针足三里镇痛中也起一定作用15 .此外,西咪替丁作用后血浆及胃液 EGF 含量略有提高,可能与胃泌素刺激 EGF 合成与释放有关16 ,与胃内 pH 升高使 EGF 降解减少也有关系17 ,是否针刺减轻溃疡疼痛促进溃疡愈合的一个重要因素,尚等临床进一步证实. 参考文献: 1Zhou L,William YC.The effect of e
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