初一英语语法复习-重点大全~.doc

1、#*初一英语语法知识点大全一、初一英语语法 词法1、名词A)、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一)在后面加 s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二)x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三)1) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-du

2、ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2)以元音字母加 y 结尾的直接加 s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四)以 o 结尾加 s(外来词 )。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加 o 的加 es：如: tomatoes 西红柿, potatoes 马铃薯五)以 f 或 fe 结尾的变 f 为 v 再加 es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf

3、-leaves, yourself-yourselves六)单复数相同( 不变的) 有：fish, sheep, deer 鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七)一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八)单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police 警察局，警察, class 班，同学, family 家，家庭成员#*九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如

4、果是由 man 或 woman 所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十)有的单复数意思不同。如：fish 鱼 fishes 鱼的种类, paper 纸 papers 报纸，卷子，论文, work 工作 works 作品，工厂, glass 玻璃 glasses 玻璃杯，眼镜, orange 桔子水 oranges 橙子, light 光线 lights 灯, people 人 peoples 民族, time 时间 times 时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡十

5、一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加 s 或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是缩略词则只加 s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs十二) 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB)名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一)单数在后面加s 。如：brothers, Mikes, teachers二)复数以 s 结尾的直接在 s 后加，如果不是以 s 结尾的与单数

6、一样处理。如：Teachers Day 教师节, classmates; Childrens Day 六一节, Womens Day 三八节三)由 and 并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Bens room 迈克和本的房间( 共住一间)，Mikes and Bens rooms 迈克和本的房间( 各自的房间 )2、代词项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性#*第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself复数 we us our ours ourselves第二人

7、称 单数 you you your yours yourself复数 you you your yours yourselves第三人称 单数 she her her hers herselfhe him his his himselfit it its its this that itself复数 they them their theirs these those themselves3、动词A) 第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加 s，如下：一)一般在词后加 s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, t

8、rains二)在 x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes三)1) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2)以元音字母加 y 结尾的直接加 s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四)以 o 结尾加 es。如：does, goes五)特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB) 现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一)一般在后加 ing。如：sp

9、ell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing#*二)以不发音 e 的结尾的去掉 e 再加 ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母 (注意除开字母组合如 show showing, draw-drawing)

10、要双写最后的辅音字母再加 ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四)以 ie 结尾的变 ie 为 y 再加 ing。如：tie-tying 系 die-dying 死 lie-lying 位于4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：一) 一般在词后加 er 或 est(如果是以 e 结尾则直接加 r 或 st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer long

11、est, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二)以重读闭音节结尾且 1 个元音字母+1 个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如 few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加 er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三) 以辅音字母+y 结尾的变 y 为 i 加 er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly mos

12、t friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四)特殊情况：( 两好多坏，一少老远)good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worstlittle- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest#*5、数词 (基变序，有规则;一、二、三，自己背;五、八、九、十二; 其它后接 th;y 结尾，变为 i, eth 跟上去。) first, sec

13、ond, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、初一英语语法 句式1.陈述句肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be 动词)b) He looks very young. (连系动词)c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)e) Theres a

14、 computer on my desk. (There be 结构)否定陈述句 a) These arent their books. b) They dont look nice.c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate cant find her doll.e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Lets learn English!c) Come in, please.否定祈使句 a)

15、 Dont be late. b) Dont hurry.3. 疑问句1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?#*肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.否定回答: a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No,

16、 they dont. e) No, she isnt.2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 Its big./ Its small.3) 特殊疑问句 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we co

17、ntact you? My e-mail address is . 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? 问时间 Whats the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock.When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:00. 问地方 Wheres my backpack? Its under the table. 问颜色 What color are they

18、? They are light blue.Whats your favourite color? Its black. 问人物 Whos that? Its my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.#*Who isnt at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 问东西 Whats this/that (in English)? Its a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some

19、broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11 问姓名 Whats your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen.Whats your first name? My first names Ben.Whats your family name? My family names Smith.12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 问字母 What letter is it? Its big D/small f.14 问价格 How much are t

20、hese pants? Theyre 15 dollars.15 问电话号码 Whats your phone number? Its 576-8349.16 问谓语( 动作) Whats he doing? Hes watching TV.17 问职业( 身份) What do you do? Im a teacher.Whats your father? Hes a doctor.三、初一英语语法 时态1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：Be 动词： Shes a worker. Is she a worker? She isnt a worker.情态

21、动词：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I cant play the piano.行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They dont want to eat any tomatoes.#*Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesnt have a watch.2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为 sb be v-in

22、g sth + 其它.Im playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? Im not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isnt writing a letter.Theyre listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They arent listening to the pop music.1. 形容词的用法：形容词用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征

23、。在句中可以作定语、表语，用于限定被修饰语的特征，如长短、大小、重量、颜色、高矮、胖瘦、新旧等，。The little girl is very pretty. 这个小女孩很好看。-I want that one. 我想要那个。-Which one? 哪一个?-The new blue one. 那个蓝色新的。Can I have a look at the big nice one? 我能看一看那个大的漂亮的吗?2、人称代词：是用来表示人的代词，有单数和负数之分，有主格和宾格之分。人称代词的主格在句中作主语;人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语，是作动词或介词的宾语。主格：I, we, you, he

24、, she, it, they 在句子中作主语#*宾格：me, us, you, him, her, it, them 在句子中作宾语He and I are in the same class. 我和他在同一个班级。Can you see them in the street? 你能看见他们在街上吗?3、可数名词和不可数名词英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。凡是可数计数的名词叫做可数名词;凡是不可以计数的名词叫做不可数名词。(1)可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式。可数名词前可以用不定冠词、数词或 some many 等修饰。如：a man a desk an apple an orange

25、some books some children tow pens(2)不可数名词没有复数形式，前面不能用不定冠词、数词或 many 等词语修饰，但可以用 some a little much 等词语来修饰。有时可以与一些量词短语搭配，这些量词短语中的名词一般是可数的，有单数形式，也可以有复数形式。如：some water a little milk much food a piece of bread tow bottles of ink some glasses of water4、祈使句祈使句用来表示请求、命令等，句中没有主语，肯定形式由谓语或者谓语+宾语(+宾语补足语)构成，否定形式则

26、在句前加 Dont.Stand up, please. 请起立。 Dont worry. 别担心。can 的用法：can 是情态动词，表示“能，会，可以，被允许等”，其后接动词原形，否定形式为cannot，可缩写为 cant.She can speak Japanese. 她会讲日语。I cant remember his name. 我不记得他的名字了。#*Can you spell your name? 你会拼写你的名字吗?5、现在进行时态：概念：表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作，也可以表示目前一段时间内或现阶段正在进行的活动。结构：由 be 动词(am, is, are) + 动

27、词 ing 构成，其中 be 动词要与主语保持性数一致。Mary is flying a kite in the park. 玛丽正在公园里放风筝。-What are you doing now? 你现在在干什么?-Im reading English. 我正在读英语。Are they drawing the pictures now? 他们正在画画吗?动词现在分词是动词原形变化而来的，规则变化如下：动词 ing 形式叫动词现在分词，其构成如下：1) 直接在动词后加 ingplayplaying, dodoing, talktalking, sing-singing2) 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，先去 e，再加 ingmakemaking, writewriting, havehaving, taketaking3) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写这个辅音字母，再加 ingrunrunning, stopstopping, putputting, swimswimming注意对现在进行时态的判断。判断一个英语句子用什么时态，主要看句子的时间状语，一般说来，每种时态都有与之相对应的时间状语。现在进行时表示现在(说话瞬间) 正在