1、婴幼儿额叶FCD难治性癫痫的外科治疗,浙江大学医学院附属第二医院功能神经外科 癫痫中心朱君明 郑喆 傅伟明 张建民王爽 汤业磊 郭谊 丁美萍,儿童难治性癫痫大多数皮质发育异常引起。频繁发作影响儿童的发育。婴幼儿难治性癫痫外科治疗时机?,2,CASE1,HistoryYJS 14 months old, Male, Seizure started at 1 month old. Mother found bilateral limbs convulsion for 10-50 sec. During seizures, the right limbs were probably more ton
2、ic, with eye and head deviated to the right. The seizure frequency is 3-8 per day, it is more often on awakening. The baby is now on Keppra, Trileptal and not responsive. He was on Valproate but got hepatic dysfunction.MRI scan showed a lesion on the left frontal (cortical malformation). The family
3、took the kid to several famous hospitals in China. Surgical resection of the lesion was recommend.The development was obviously delayed. The baby cannot walk, can say “mama” or “papa” unintentionally. The family report no history of complicated delivery. No significant family history.,Current Anti-e
4、pileptic Medication:Trileptal: 150mg, 180mg Bid.Keppra: 250mg, 300mg BidPhysical examination: Normal Body weight: 10 kg, Head circumference: 45.4 cmBody height: 80 cm,Development function Appraisal,A. Bay ley: cognition function (equivalent to a 8 months old level); movement function (equivalent to
5、a 7-8 months old level)B. Normal muscle tone. Muscle strength of right hand and leg is slight decreased.C. Able to sit and stand (but cannot take the position by himself), not able to walk and crawl.,VEEG (2014,5,19-2014,5, 21),Background, 6 HzSleep structure: well-differentiated, symmetrical Interi
6、tcal sharp wave: Left anterior head region(F7,F3), right frontal (rare, right frontal, F4)Ictal recordings:Generalized tonic-clonic seizure (10 recorded)Description: the tonic movement were more severe on the right limbs, and post-ictal limb weakness were more sever on the right side. EEG seizure: L
7、eft hemisphere,Background,Sharp wave F7,F3,Sharp wave (F7,F3,C3),Sharp wave (F4, rarely found),Sz 2P EEG onset,Sz 2P EEG onset + 10 sec,Sz 2P EEG onset + 20 sec,Sz 6P EEG onset,Sz 6P EEG onset +10 sec,Sz 6p EEG onset + 20 sec,MRI(local hospital, March 29, 2013) : Left frontal cortical malformation,M
8、RI,18,PET-MRI,19,术中,20,21,术中棘波发放及切除范围示意图,22,术中初步切除范围,23,暴露深部FCD,24,切除深部FCD后,25,发现中央前回持续棘波发放,26,27,继续切除中央前回上部,28,术中再次脑电检测,29,30,术后MRI,31,术后MRI,32,常规病理:皮层分层紊乱,异形神经元,33,美国UCLA,34,随访近四个月无癫痫发作药物:Trileptal: 150mg, 180mg Bid.Keppra: 250mg, 300mg Bid,35,病史(病例2),DXY ,女,1岁4个月,反复发作肢体抽搐,意识丧失2月余。患儿于2月余前活动中突发四肢僵硬
9、,牙关紧闭,双眼上翻,口唇发绀,口吐白沫,意识丧失,持续约半小时。后相同症状反复发作,多次发作后伴体温升高,期间以“病毒性脑炎”多次住院治疗,发作严重时发作1分钟,缓解1-2分钟,持续1-2小时。服用奥卡西平,卡马西平,丙戊酸钠,硝西泮,注射力月西等药物,症状控制不佳,仍反复发作,多时一天27次。,36,术前头皮脑电(病例2)发作间期:尖波,区域性,左侧额叶(FP1、F3、F7),术前头皮脑电(病例2)强直发作:Sz1-4P,左侧额叶(FP1、F3、F7),影像(病例2),40,术中SEEP确定中央沟,术中皮层脑电(病例1,病灶切除前),1,术中皮层脑电(病例1,病灶切除前),2,术中皮层脑电
10、(病例1,病灶切除前),3,术中皮层脑电(病例1,病灶切除前),4,术中皮层脑电(病例1,病灶切除前),5,术中皮层脑电(病例1,病灶切除前),6,术中皮层脑电(病例2,病灶切除前),7,术中皮层脑电(病例2,病灶切除前),8,术中Broca区,术中(病例2),术中皮层脑电(病例2,病灶切除后),病例2术后MRI,病理(HE):ILAE FCD IIb型,病例2术后MRI,病例2术后MRI,病理(HE):ILAE FCD IIb型,FCD皮层(HE 100):灰白质相对模糊,皮层结构紊乱,神经元拥挤,形态异常,排列混乱。,57,FCD气球细胞(HE 200):灰白质交界处多见(箭头示),该细胞
11、本质为变性神经元,体积较大,缺乏尼氏体,胞质红染,细胞核核偏位。,58,病理诊断:指定处脑组织 浙二医院2014-04536 A3:-局灶性皮质发育不良,ILAE FCD IIb型说明:说明:评价巨脑回受显微切片限制,但我们看到的严重皮质发育不良符合病变的存在。显微镜下检查:标本切片由皮质和皮质下白质组成,皮质显示正常皮质结构畸形和神经元拥挤、混乱,皮质层较正常增宽,但复杂的旋转定向限制了确定性,巨细胞性的和形态异常的神经元常见,皮质和皮质下白质中见较多,术后3月时无发作,目前随访5月偶有发作。,60,病史(病例3),TCR 患儿,男,1岁7月6天,反复发作性肢体抽搐11月余。患儿8个月大时无
12、明显诱因下出现肢体抽搐,双眼上翻,意识丧失后患者抽搐逐渐频繁加重,4-5次/天。陆续予“曲莱、妥泰”治疗,治疗效果不佳,仍有发作10余次。,61,症状学:简单运动发作过度运动发作发作频率:最多时1天20多次,最少时1次/天。既往用药:德巴金、妥泰目前用药:德巴金500mg BID 妥泰100mg bid,62,63,64,65,(1岁,频繁抽搐发作-),术前头皮脑电(病例3)发作间期:,1、后头部背景左侧明显;2、持续性慢波,右侧半球;3、间歇性慢波,左侧额叶;4、尖波,区域性,右侧额叶;5、尖波,区域性,右侧颞顶区(T6、T4、P4明显);6、尖波,区域性,左侧额叶(FP1明显),术前头皮脑
13、电(病例3)发作间期:,术前头皮脑电(病例3)发作期:右侧额叶(双上肢强直发作),病例3术中,病理(HE):ILAE FCD IIb型,病例3术中,术中皮层脑电(病例3,病灶切除前),1,术中皮层脑电(病例3,病灶切除前),2,术中皮层脑电(病例3,病灶切除前),3,术中皮层脑电(病例3,病灶切除前),4,术中皮层脑电(病例2,病灶切除后),术后CT,77,术后MRI,78,病理(HE):ILAE FCD IIb型,病理诊断:右侧额叶OSR#2013-38208-局灶脑皮质发育不良, ILAE FCD类型IIb显微镜下检查:切片可见脑皮质及白质。脑皮质结构异常、神经元拥挤,可见增大的形态不良的
14、神经元。偶尔可于脑皮质及白质中见到气球样细胞。可见到Chaslins神经胶质增生。未见明显的肿瘤性、炎症性、传染性病变。,随访11月无发作。药物同术前。,81,Case(4),ZQS 男,2岁发作性四肢抽搐神志不清2年。每天发作5-40次奥卡西平;妥泰;德巴金;鲁米那,82,术前MRI,83,84,术中,85,标本,86,术后MRI,87,88,随访8月无发作。药物同术前。,89,小结,对影响发育者可考虑早期外科干预,5KG。婴幼儿童FCD需要多学科配合。切除范围是关键。,90,谢谢!,癫痫中心团队(王爽,汤业磊,王钟瑾医师,护理团队)癫痫影像团队(丁瑶,蒋飚医师,赵泽仙,汪珊同学),92,,谢谢,
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