初中八种时态的构成及常用时间状语对照表.doc

1、初中八种时态的构成及常用时间状语对照表时 态 谓语动词形式 常用时间状语 注意事项一般现在时 do/doesalways, usually, often, seldom, every, how often, on weekends, once a day, twice a week, three times a year 注意动词单三的变化； do/does 构成的疑问句和否定句。特别注意在 when, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句及 if, unless 引导的条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。叙述真理用一般现在时。一般过去时 didyesterday, last, ago,

2、in 2000this morning, at that momenta moment ago=just now, in the past规则动词和不规则动词的过去式；did 构成的疑问句和否定句。一般将来时will/shall doam/is/are + going to dotomorrow，next，tonight，in the future, in 2050, this afternoon/evening, in 100 yearsat once/right now/right away/in a minutesoon, before long(不久后), later on(以后)注意

3、位移动词 come, go, fly, leave 用现在进行时表示将来的情况。现在进行时 am/is/are +V-ing Look! Listen! now=at the momentat present (目前 ) , these days(这些天 ) 掌握-ing 形式的变化。过去进行时 was/were + V-ingat that time, at this time yesterdayat five oclock yesterdaythe whole morning, while, when掌握 when, while 从句的搭配。过去将来时would/should dowas/

4、were + going to +dotwo days later, the next week, the following day 及宾语从句中。常用于主句是过去时，叙述动作还没有发生的宾语从句中。现在完成时 have/has + donejust, ever, never, already, yet, before, recently, so far, once, twice, three/four times, in the past/last few years, in the past 10 years, for a long time, for five years, for a

5、 week, since then, since last year, since two years ago, since +一般过去时的句子 掌握过去分词的构成； 掌握与现在完成时连用的标志词； have been to 与 have gone to 的区别； 短暂性动词在现在完成时中与 for, since 连用时的转换；与一般过去时的区别。过去完成时 had+ done by the time, before we came here, by the end of last year 以及宾语从句中 表示“过去的过去”。、 一般现在时（一）定义表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，还

6、表示主语具备的性格和能力及客观真理。例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning .She is at home .(二)构成主要用动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加 s/es。(三)句型1、肯定句：主语+谓语+ 其他。She reads English everyday .2、否定句：主语+dont/doesn t+谓语+其他。He doesnt get up at 6:30 in the morning .3、一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+V 原+其他？Do you like English ? Yes ,I do ./No, I dont .4、

7、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+V 原+ 其他？What time do you get up every morning ?Where does your father work ? （三）用法1、表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，带与表示频率的时间状语如：often , sometimes , usually，always , everyday year，month） , once/twice a week (month , year , etc.) , seldom , on sundays 等连用。I leave home for school at seven e

8、very morning .2、表示客观真理，科学事实、格言警句。The sun rises in the east .日出东方。The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比声音的速度快。The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。3、根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现

9、在时来表示将来要发生的动作。Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。If you come this afternoon,well have a meeting .4、仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了“描述现阶段的动作或状态“，其重点 “不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态 “。例如：He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。Changjiang River is one of th

10、e longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。She majors in music .她主修音乐。All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。（四）动词第三人称单数形式变化规则1、一般情况下，动词后直接加-s;如：help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives 等。2、以 s，x， ch，sh 或 o 结尾的动词，在词尾加- es;如：dress-dresses,fix-fixes,w

11、atch-watches,finish-finishes 等。3、以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，把 y 变为 i，再加-es;如：study-studies,fly-flies ,carry-carries 等。4、动词 have 遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have 改为 has，如：He has an interesting book .5、动词 be 遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be 改为 am，遇有主语是第二人称时，be 改为 are，遇有主语是第三人称单数时， be 改为 is二、 一般过去时（一）结构一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。基本结构 否定句 一般疑问句Be 动词 was/ wer

12、e+not was 或 were 提前，放于句首行为动词 didnt+do（动词原形） Did+主语+do（动词原形）注：在一般过去时的句子中，谓语动词可分为两类一类是 be 动词，其形式为 was 与第一、三人称单数连用，were 与第二人称和复数人称的主语连用。凡是由 be 动词做谓语的句子，变否定句时，直接在其后加 not,即 wasnt 或werent，变一般疑问句将 was/ were 放在句首，句末用问号。另一类谓语动词是由行为动词来充当，如 stayedwentvisited 等,这一类动词做谓语时，可与任何人称连用，句子变否定时，要在主语后面，动词的前面加 didnt，动词用原

13、形；一般疑问句是把 did 提到句首，动词用原形。I was in Shanghai last year .I wasnt in Shanghai last year .Was you in Shanghai last year ?He went to the park yesterday .He didnt go to the park yesterday ?Did he go to the park yesterday ?（二）句式1、肯定句：主语+动词过去式+ 其他。I was in Beijing yesterday .I went to the beach yesterday .2、

14、否定句：主语+wasnt 或 werent+其他。主语+didn t + V 原+ 其他。I wasnt in Beijing yesterday .I didnt go to the beach yesterday .3、一般疑问句：was/ were+主语+V 原+其他？Did +主语+V 原+ 其他？Were you in Beijing yesterday ?Did you go to the beach yesterday ?4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ was/ were+ 主语+其他？特殊疑问词+did+主语+V 原+其他？Where were you yesterday ?Wh

15、ere did yougo yesterday ?（三）用法1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况，常与明确的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last week(month , year),ago,the other day ,just now ,at the age of,in 1980 等连用。如：At the age of ten ,she began to learn to play the piano .2、表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。When I was a child ,I often play the football in

16、 the street .3、在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时。He said he wouldnt go if it rained .（四）动词过去式的规则变化1) 一般情况下, 在动词原形末尾加-ed ; 如 look-looked2) 结尾是字母 e 的动词加 -d, 如 practice-practiced；3) 结尾是 “辅音字母+y” 的动词, 变“y”为“i” 再加 ed, 如 study studied;4) 重读闭音节结尾, 双写动词尾的辅音字母，再加 ed, 如 stop stopped。不规则动词表Infinitive Past tense Infi

17、nitive Past tensecatch caught come camedo did draw drewdrink drank drive droveeat ate fall fellam is was are werebegin begun break brokebring brought build builtbuy bought can could动词过去式的记忆口诀动词一般过去时, 表示过去发生事；be 用 was 或用 were, have, has 变 had；谓语动词过去式, 过去时间坐标志；一般动词加- ed, 若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单, 主语之后 didnt 添；疑

18、问句也不难, did 放在主语前；如果谓语之前有 did, 谓语动词需还原；动词若是 was, were, 否定就把 not添。三、一般将来时（一）概念表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。There will be an English party next Saturday .We will come to see you tomorrow .（二）结构1、由 will +动词原形构成，其 will 适用于各种人称，与主语连在一起时，常常缩写为ll 。变否定句时，只需在 will 后加 not，可缩写为 wont 。在疑问句中，will 需提前，构成 will+主语+ 动词原形的结构。He wi

19、ll arrive here this evening .他今晚抵达这里。2、shall+动词原形（常用于主语为第一人称）I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空。3、be going to+动词原形（打算、准备做某事）He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假。（三）用法1、表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow, next day （week ，month，year ）， this evening (weekend ), in t

20、he future , in a few minutes， the day after tomorrow ,by， soon 等连用。I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week .I hope you wont be late next time .2、当主句为一般现在时，在以 after,when,while,as soon as ,if ,unless 等引导的时间或条件句中，要用一般现在时表将来。Ill do it better if the teacher gives me another chance .( ) 1. There _ a meet

21、ing tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month.A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week.A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D

22、. is; will be( ) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be( ) 5. -_ you _ free tomorrow? - No. I _ free the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be

23、四、过去将来时表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个“将来“ 时间绝不会延伸到“ 现在”；而仅限于“ 过去时间区域内 ”。由此可以看出，含这个时态的句子常带一个表示“过去某个时间点 ”的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。这个时态常用于：A）宾语从句或间接引语中；B）表示过去习惯性的动作； C）表示过去情况中的“愿望”、“倾向”，多用于否定句。例如：A) When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反应是什么。She told me that she would

24、go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告诉我，她第二天要去欧洲旅行。He didnt expect that we would all be there. 他没料到我们会全在那儿。B) During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day. 在那段时间，他每天早锻炼。Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。C) No matter how difficu

25、lt the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多难，他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave . 甚至在讲座结束之后，听众仍不肯离去。 过去将来时基本结构过去将来时由 would, was/were going to, was/were to was/w

26、ere about to 等加动词原形构成, 也可由 was/were on the point of 加动名词构成。例句：I knew you would agree. 我知道你会同意的。I said I would arrange everything. 我说我来安排一切。 过去将来时练习题I. 选择填空1. Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month.A. as; come B. was; would comeC. would be; came D. will be; come2. Jenny said she _her hol

27、iday in China.A. spent B. would spentC. was going to spent D. would spend3. What did your son say in the letter? He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day.A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit4. I hoped Tina _ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.A. to come B. is comingC. will come D. was coming5. Father said that he _ me to Beijing the next year.A. took B. would take