人教版初三英语各单元知识点总结.doc

1、第 1 页 共 58 页初三英语各单元知识点详细总结Unit 1一、知识点1.Check in : 在旅馆的登记入住。 Check out: 在旅馆结账离开。2.By: 通过.方式（途径） 。例：I learn English by listening to tapes.在. 旁边。例： by the window/the door 乘坐交通工具 例：by bus/car 在 之前，到 为止。例：by October 在 10 月前 被 例： English is spoken by many people.3.how 与 what 的区别：how 通常对方式或程度提问，意思有：怎么样 如何，

2、通常用来做状语、表语。what 通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问，意思为 什么，通常做宾语，主语。How is your summer holiday? Its OK.(how 表示程度 做表语)How did you travel around the world? I travel by air.What do you learn at school? I learn English, math and many other subjects. Whatthink of? Howlike? Whatdo with? Howdeal with? Whatlike about? Howlike?

3、 Whats the weather like today? Hows the weather today? What to do? How to do it?e.g. What do you think of this book?=How do you like this book?I dont know what I should do with the matter.=I dont know how I should deal with it.What do you like about China?=How do you like China?I dont know what to d

4、o next step?=I dont know how to do it next step? What good / bad weather it is today! （weather 为不可数名词，其前不能加 a ） What a fine / bad day it is today! （day 为可数名词，其前要加 a ） 4. aloud, loud 与 loudly 的用法 : 三个词都与“大声“或“ 响亮“有关。aloud 是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud 没有比较级形式。如: He read the story a

5、loud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。loud 可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与 speak, talk, laugh 等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。loudly 是副词,与 loud 同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。5. voice 指人的嗓音 也指鸟鸣。sound 指人可以听到的各

6、种声音。noise 指噪音、吵闹声6. find + 宾语 + 宾补（名词 形容词 介词短语 分词等）例：I find him friendly. I found him working in the garden.We found him in bed. He found the window closed.We found her honest.第 2 页 共 58 页7. 常见的系动词有： 是： am 、is、 are 保持： keep、 stay 转变： become、 get、 turn 起来 feel、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound8. get + 宾语+宾补

7、（形容词 过去分词 动词不定式） 使某种情况发生例：Get the shoes clean. 把鞋擦干净 Get Mr. Green to come. 让格林先生进来I want to get my bike repaired. 我想去修自行车You cant get him waiting. 你不能让他老等着9. 动词不定式做定语与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系The next train to arrive was from New York. He is always the first to come.与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系I have nothing to say. I need a

8、pen to write with.I need some paper to write on. I dont have a room to live in.10. practice , fun 做名词为不可数名词 11. add 补充说 又说12. join 加入某团体 并成为其中一员 attend 出席参加会议或讲座join in 与 take part in 指参加到某项活动中去。13.all、 both、 always 以及 every 复合词与 not 连用构成部分否定。其完全否定为：all-none, both-neither, everything-nothing, everyb

9、ody-nobody.14. be afraid of doing sth. / sth.害怕 be afraid of being alonebe afraid to do sth.害怕 be afraid that 恐怕担心，表示委婉语气15.either： 放在否定句末表示“也” 两者中的 “任一”eitheror或者或者.引导主语部分，谓语动词按照就近原则plete 完成，是个较正式的词，后不能接动名词 finish 指日常事物的完成17.a,an 与序数词连用表示“又一”， “再一”。例：Please give me a second apple. There comes a fif

10、th girl.18.have trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing. 干.遇到麻烦，困难19.unless 除非，如果不，等于“if not”本身就表示否定，引导条件状语从句，主句为将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。例：My baby sister doesnt cry unless shes hungry.=My baby sister doesnt cry if she isnt hungry.Unless you take more care, youll have an accident.如果你不多加小心的话，你会出事的。20.instea

11、d: adv. 代替，更换。例：We have no coffee, would you like tea instead？ 我们没有咖啡了，改喝茶好吗？It will take days by car, so lets fly instead. 第 3 页 共 58 页开车去要好几天呢，咱们还是坐飞机吧。Tom was ill, so I went instead.汤姆病了，所以换了我去。instead of doing sth. 作为某人或某事物的替换例：Lets play cards instead of watching TV. We sometimes eat rice instea

12、d of potatoes.Give me the red one instead of the green one.21.spoken 口头的，口语的。 spoken English 口头英语 speaking 讲话的，说某种语言的。Speaking skills 讲英语的能力22. 提建议的句子：What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Why dont you go shopping?Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go sh

13、opping? Lets + do sth. 如： Lets go shoppingShall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?23. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。24. tooto 太而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 如：Im too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。25. not at all 一点也不 根本不 如：I like milk very much. I dont like coffee at all. 我

14、非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。not 经常可以和助动词结合在一起， at all 则放在句尾26.be / get excited about sth.= be / get excited about doing sth. = be excited to do sth. 对 感兴奋 如：I am / get excited about going to Beijing.=I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。27. end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 如：The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结

15、束。 end up with sth. 以结束 如：The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。28. first of all 首先. to begin with 一开始later on 后来、随29. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间either 也（用于否定句）常在句末too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末=as well 30. make mistakes 犯错 mistake sb. for 把错认为make mistakes (in) doing sth. 在干某事方面出错by mistake 错误地；由于搞错mist

16、ake-mistook-mistaken如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。I mistook him for his brother.我错把他认成了他的哥哥。make a mistake 犯一个错误 如： I have made a mistake. 第 4 页 共 58 页我已经犯了一个错误。31. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人） 如：Dont laugh at me!不要取笑我 !32. take notes 做笔记，做记录 33. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做乐意做 如：She enjoys playing football. 她喜

17、欢踢足球。enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。34. native speaker 说本族语的人35. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 其中之一如： She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。36. Its +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事如：Its difficult (for me ) to study English.对于我来说学习英语太难了。句中的 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 to study

18、 English37. practice doing 练习做某事 如：She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。38. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如：LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。39. deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.40. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事 如：Mother worried about his son just now. 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。41. be

19、 angry with sb. 对某人生气 如：I was angry with her. 我对她生气。42. perhaps = maybe 也许43. go by (时间) 过去 如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。44. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生see sb. / sth. do 看见某人在做某事 如：如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.她看见他正在教室里画画。45. each other 彼此 46. regard as 把看作为. 如：The boys

20、 regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。47. too many 许多 修饰可数名词 如：too many girls too much 许多 修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk much too 太 修饰形容词 如：much too beautiful48. change into 将变为 如：The magician changed the pen into a book. 这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。49. with the help of sb. = with ones help 在某人的帮助下如：with the help of Li

21、Lei = with LiLeis help 在李雷的帮助下50. compare to 把与相比 如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。二、短语：1.by making flashcards 通过做单词抽认卡 2. askfor help 向某人求助3.read aloud 朗读 第 5 页 共 58 页4.that way (=in that way) 通过那种方式5.improve my speaking skills 提高我的会话技巧 6.for example (=for instance)例如7.have fun 玩得高

22、兴 8.have conversations with friends 与朋友对话9.get excited 高兴，激动 10.end up speaking in Chinese 以说汉语结束对话11.do a survey about 做有关的调查 12.keep an English notebook 记英语笔记13.spoken English (= oral English) 英语口语 14.make mistakes 犯错误15.get the pronunciation right 使发音准确 16.practise speaking English 练习说英语 17.first

23、 of all 首先 18.begin with 以 开始19.later on 随后 20.in class 在课堂上21.laught at 嘲笑 22.take notes 记笔记23.enjoy doing 喜欢干 24.write down 写下，记下25.look up (v + adv) 查找，查询 26.native speakers 说本族话的人27.make up 编造，虚构，化妆，打扮 28.around the world 全世界29.deal with 对待，处理，解决 30.worry about (be worried about) 担心，担忧31.be angr

24、y with 生某人的气 32.stay angry 生气33.go by 消逝 34. regardas 把当做plain about/of 抱怨 36. changeinto 把变成 （= turn into）37.with the help of 在的帮助下 38. compareto (with) 把和作比较39.think of (think about) 想起，想到 40.physical problems 身体上的问题41.break off 中断，突然终止 42. notat all 根本不，全然不三、句子1.How do you study for a test? 你怎样为考

25、试做准备？2.I have learned a lot that way. 用那种方法，我已经学到了很多东西。3.Its too hard to understand the voice. 听懂那些声音太难了。第 6 页 共 58 页4.Memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little.记流行歌曲的词也起作用。5. Wei Ming feels differently. 卫明有不同的感受。6.He finds watching movies frustrating. 他觉得看电影让人感到沮丧.7.She added that havi

26、ng conversations with friends was not helpful at all. 她又说和朋友对话根本没用。8.I dont have a partner to practice English with. 我没有搭档一起练习英语。9.Later on, I realized that it doesnt matter if you dont understand every word.随后，我认识到听不懂每个词并没有关系。10.Its amazing how much this helped. 我惊异于这些方法竟如此有用。11.My teacher is very

27、impressed. 给老师留下了深刻的印象。12.She had trouble making complete sentences. 她很难造出完整的句子。13.What do you think you are doing? 你在做什么？14.Most people speak English as a second language. 英语对于大多数人来说是第二语言。15.How do we deal with our problem? 我们怎样处理我们的问题？16.It is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge i

28、n our education with the help of our teachers. 在老师的帮助下尽我们最大的努力来应对挑战是我们的责任。He cant walk or even speak.他无法走路，甚至无法说话Unit 2一、知识点1. used to 过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态. 后跟动词原形. used to do sth.There used to be .（反意疑问句）didnt there?否定形式为: didnt use to 或 usednt to疑问形式为: Diduse to? 或 Usedto?be/get used to doing s

29、th.习惯于, to 为介词.2. wear 表示状态. =be in +颜色的词 put on 表示动作. dress + 人 给某人穿衣服.dress sb. / oneselfhave on 表示状态（不用于进行时态）3. on the swim team on 是的成员,在供职.4. Dont you remember me? 否定疑问句.（考点）Yes, I do. 不 , 我记得. No, I dont 是的, 我不记得了.5. 反意疑问句: 陈述部分的主语为 this, that, 疑问部分主语用 it; 陈述部分主语用 these, those, 疑问部分用 they 做主语.

30、例: This is a new story, isnt it?Those are your parents, arent they? 陈述部分是 there be 结构, 疑问部分仍用 there例: There was a man named Paul, wasnt there? I am 后的疑问句, 用 arent I 例: I am in Class 2, arent I?第 7 页 共 58 页 陈述部分与含有 not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none 等词时,疑问部分用肯定.例: Few people l

31、iked this movie, didnt they?但陈述句中若带有否定前缀或后缀的单词时, 这个句子仍视为肯定, 后面仍用否定.例: Your sister is unhappy, isnt she? 陈述部分的主语若为不定式或 V-ing 短语, 疑问部分主语用 it.例: To spend so much money on clothes is unnecessary, isnt it? 陈述句中主语是 nobody, no one, everyone, everybody 等指人的不定代词时,疑问部分用 they 做主语; 若陈述部分主语是 something, anything,

32、 noting, everything 等指事物的不定代词时, 疑问部分用 it 做主语.例: Nobody says one word about the accident, do they?Everything seems perfect, doesnt it? 当主语是第一人称 I 时, 若谓动为 think, believe, guess 等词时, 且其后跟宾丛,这时疑问句部分的人称, 时态要与宾语从句保持一致, 同时还要考虑否定转移.例: I dont think he can finish the work in time, can he? 前面是祈使句, 后用 will you?

33、 (lets 开头时, 后用 shall we?)6. be terrified of 害怕的程度比 be afraid of 深.7. miss: 思念, 想念 例: I really miss the old days. 错过 , 未中, 未赶上, 未找到. 例: Its a pity that you miss the bus.The boy shot at the goal, but missed.8. no more (用在句中)=notany more (用在句尾) 指次数;no longer (用在句中)=notany longer (用在句尾) 指时间.9. right: ad

34、j. 正确的, 右边的 n. 右方, 权利 adv. 直接地.10. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. = Yu Mei seems to have changed a lot.11. afford + n. /pron. afford + to do 常与 can, be able to 连用.例: Can you afford a new car?The film couldnt afford to pay such large salaries.12. as well as 连词, 不但而且 强调前者. (若引导主语, 谓动与前者在人称和数上

35、一致例: Living things need air and light as well as water. 生命不仅需要水, 还需要空气和阳光.I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅是他们, 我也愿意帮助你.13. alone = by oneself 独自一人. lonely 孤独的, 寂寞的.14. in the last/past + 一段时间during the last/past + 一段时间 与现在完成时连用.15. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) dying (垂死的)16. play the pi

36、ano 弹钢琴17. be/ become interested in sth. 对感兴趣be interested in doing sth. 对做感兴趣show great interest in 在 方面产生极大的兴趣a place of interest 一处名胜 some places of interest 如：He is interested in math, but he isnt interested in speakingEnglish. 他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。第 8 页 共 58 页 interested adj. 感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语

37、是人 interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物 an interesting book / man 18. 害怕 be terrified of sth. 如：I am terrified of the dog.be terrified of doing sth. 如：I am terrified of speaking.19. on 副词，表示（电灯、电视、机械等）在运转中/打开，其反义词 off. with the light on 灯开着20. walk to somewhere 步行到某处 walk to school 步行到学校21.spend 动

38、词，表示“花费金钱、时间”spendon sth. 在某事上花费（金钱、时间）spenddoing sth. 花费（金钱、时间）去做某事 如：He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。pay for 花费如：I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了 10 元买这本书。take 动词 有“ 花费”的意思 常用的结构有：It take(s) sb. to do sth. 如：It takes me a day to read

39、 the book.22. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊 如：I like to chat with him. 我喜欢和他聊天。23. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事 worry 是动词be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/ 某事 worried 是形容词 如：Dont worry about him. 不用担心他。Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。24. all the time 一直、始终25. take sb. to + 地方 送/带某人去某个地方 如：A person to

40、ok him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。Lui took me home. 刘把我送回了家。 (home 的前面不能用 to)26. hardly adv. 几乎不、没有 hard 困难的；猛烈地hardly ever 很少 hardly 修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前 助动词/情态动词 hardlyhardly + 实义动词 如：I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。It rains hard outside, I

41、could hardly go out.27. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内 常与完成时连用 如：I have lived in China in the last few years. 在过去的几年内我在中国住。28. be different from 与不同 29. how to swim 怎样游泳 不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和 what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定工短语。如：The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。I dont know where to

42、 go. 我不知道去哪。第 9 页 共 58 页30. make sb./ sth. + 形容词 make you happymake sb./ sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh31. move to +地方 搬到某地 如：I moved to Beijing last year.32.It seems that +从句 看起来好像 如：It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。33. help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事 help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事 She helped me

43、with English. 她帮助我学英语。She helped me (to) study English。 她帮助我学习英语。34. fifteen-year-old 作形容词 15 岁的 fifteen-year-olds 作名词指 15 岁的人fifteen years old 指年龄 15 岁 如：a fifteen-year-old boy 一个 15 岁的男孩Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15 岁的人喜欢唱歌。I am fifteen years old . 我是 15 岁。35.支付不起 cant /couldnt afford to do s

44、th. cant / couldnt afford sth.如：I cant/couldnt afford to buy the car.I cant/couldnt afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。36. as + 形容词./副词as sb. could/can 尽某人的能力 如：Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。37. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦 38. in the end 最后39. make a decision 下决定 下决心 40. to ones surprise 令某人惊讶

45、 如：to their surprise 令他们惊讶 to Li Leis surprise 令李雷惊讶41. take pride in sth. 以而自豪 如：His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪42. pay attention to sth. 对注意，留心 如：You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。43. be able to do sth. 能做某事 如：She is able to do it. 她能够做到。44. give up doing sth. 放弃做某

46、事 如：My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。复合句与简单句的转化： when - at the age of sothat- too to. / enough to so that- in order to do sth. because- because of if .- without / with if- 祈使句+ and / or + 简单句 宾语从句-特殊疑问词+动词不定式第 10 页 共 58 页 be afraid be sure that +从句- 动词不定式 be sorry It seems / seemed that sb

47、.- sb. seems / seemed to do sth. Sb. hopes / hoped that .-sb. hopes / hoped to do sth.二、 短语1. be more interested in 对更感兴趣 .2. on the swim team 游泳队的队员.3. be terrified of 害怕.4. gym class 体操课 .5. worry about. 担心.6. all the time 一直, 总是7. chat with 与闲聊8. hardly ever 几乎从不 9. walk to school = go to school on foot take the bus to school = go to school by bus 10. as w