初一上英语语法知识及习题-(学生版).doc

1、七年级上册英语语法知识及习题 定冠词的用法1) 用于指谈话双方都知道的人或事物 Open the door, please. 请把门打开。2) 用以复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用“a 或 an”，以后再次提到用“the” ） I have a pencil , the pencil is green . 我有一支铅笔，这支铅笔是绿色的。 3) 用在序数词前 January is the first month of the year. 一月份是一年当中的第一个月。 4) 表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物 the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky

2、 天空 the world 世界5) 表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加 the play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 零冠词的用法 1) 专有名词前一般不加冠词 Tom 汤姆 China 中国 Europe 欧洲 2) 月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词 January 一月份 Sunday 星期日 Christmas Day 圣诞节 Thanksgiving 感恩节National Day 国庆节 May Day 劳动节 比较： .on a Sunday morning. 在一个星期天的早晨. （表示某一个。 ） 3）三餐、四季前一般不加冠词 I have

3、 lunch at school. 我在学校吃午餐。 4）球类运动不加冠词play basketball 打篮球 play volleyball 打排球 play football 踢足球 时态概说在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这种动词的不同形式称为时态。I am 14 this year. 今年我 14 岁。 I was 13 last year.去年我 13 岁。He plays soccer every day.他每天都踢足球。 He played soccer yesterday.昨天他踢足球了。英语中共有 16 种时态，常用的有 9 种。一般现在

4、时一般现在时表示现在的状态，如：He is 12. She is at home. 表示经常的或习惯性的动作， 如：I go to school at 7:30 every day. 表示主语具备的性格和能力等，如：She likes apples. They know English.动词的种类动词分为四种：连系动词, 实义动词, 助动词, 情态动词1）连系动词：词义不完全，要和后面的表语一块构成谓语。如 be (am, is are)是，sound 听起来，look 看起来 She is my sister.That sounds interesting .听起来很有趣。2）实义动词，有实

5、际意义的动词，能单独做谓语。如 see, ask, like I like bananas.3）助动词：本身没有词义，帮助实义动词一起构成否定句，疑问句。如 do，doesI dont like chicken .Does he like apples ?4）情态动词；本身具有一定意义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和实义动词一起构成谓语。can,能，会， must ,必须，情态动词后一定要用动词原形 。I can speak English .I must find it . 我一定要找到它动词 be 的用法be 的用法口诀我用 am，你用 are，is 连着他，她，它；单数名词用 is，复数名词全

6、用 are。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。变否定，更容易，be 后 not 莫忘记。疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。Be 动词专项练习 用 am, is, are 填空：1. I _ a student. _ you a student? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How _ your

7、 father? 8. Jane and Tom _ my friends 9. Where _ my pen ?10. Where _ my books ?11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I? 13. The jeans _ on the desk. 14. Here _ a photo of my family . 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black book _ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of socks_ 20 dollars. 18. The two cups

8、 of milk _ for me. 19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. How much _ the skirt?21 How much _ the trousers ?22. My sisters name _Nancy.23. _ David and Helen from England? 24. There _ a girl in the room. 25. You, he and I _ from China. 句型转换的方法一.肯定句变否定句1.句子中有 be，在 be 后加 not。) I am a student. I am not a stude

9、nt.2) They are blue . They arent blue.3) He is Tom. He isnt Tom 2.谓语是动词原形，在动词前加 dont。) I have a book . I dont have a book.2) They like Chinese . They dont like Chinese.3) We come from China. We dont come from China.3 谓语动词是第三人称单数，在动词前加 doesnt，动词用原形。1)She has a basketball. She doesnt have a basketball

10、2)Maria likes China. Maria doesnt like China.3)Jane comes from the U.S.A. Jane doesnt come from the U.S.A.练习：将下列句子变成否定句。1. I am a teacher. I _ a teacher.2. We are students. We _ students.3. Jane is a girl. Jane _ a girl.4. They like English. They _ like Chinese5. I come from China. I _ come from Chi

11、na.6. He likes Chinese. He_ like Chinese.7. Maria comes from Cuba. Maria_ come from Cuba.8. We know Maria. We _ know Maria二.肯定句变一般疑问句句子中有 be，把 be 提到句首1) I am a student. Are you a student?2) They are blue. Are they blue?3) He is Tom. Is he Tom?2.谓语是动词原形，在句首加 do。1).I have a book . Do you have a book?2

12、) They like Chinese . Do they like Chinese?3) We come from China. Do you come from China? 3.谓语动词是第三人称单数，在句首加 Does，动词用原形。1) She has a basketball . Does she have a basketball?2) Maria likes China. Does Maria like China?3) Jane comes from the U.S.A. Does Jane come from the U.S.A?4) She knows Maria. Doe

13、s she know Maria?练习:将下列句子变成一般疑问句。1. I am a teacher. _ _ a teacher?2. They are students. _ _ students?3. Jane is a girl. _ _ a girl?4. They like English. _ they like English?5. I come from China. _ you come from China?6. He likes Chinese. _ he_ Chinese?7. Maria comes from America._ Maria _ from Ameri

14、ca?8. We speak Chinese. _ you_ Chinese?三.一般疑问句做肯定,否定回答1.Are you Maria ? 肯定回答：Yes , I am.否定回答：No, Im not.2.问句和答语的动词保持一致.1) Are you a student?肯: Yes, I am. 否： No, Im not.2) Is he Jack ?肯：_. 否：_.3) Do they like Chinese?肯：_. 否：_.4) Does she have a basketball ?肯：_. 否：_.3.问句和答语中的主语保持一致。 （必须用主格）1) Is Jane

15、from the U.S.A?肯:Yes, she is. 否:No，she isnt.2) Does Li Hua come from China?肯：_. 否：_.3) Do Jane and Maria like China?肯：_. 否：_.4) Is this a ruler?肯：_. 否：_.5) Is that a desk? 肯：_. 否：_.6) Are these books?肯：_. 否：_.7) Are those pencils?肯：_. 否：_.8) Are these erasers?肯：_. 否：_.9) Is that an orange?肯：_. 否：_.练

16、习：给下列句子做肯定回答或否定回答。1.Are you a student?Yes, _ _ . No, _ _ .2. Do they like English?Yes, _ _ . No, _ _ .3. Is Jane a girl?Yes,_ _. No, _ _ . .4. Does Maria like China?Yes, _ _ . No, _ _.5. Is Jenny a student?Yes , _ _ No , _ _ .6. Is that a girl?Yes , _ _No , _ _.7. Are those telephones?Yes , _ _ No ,

17、 _ _ .8. Does Tom know Jane?Yes , _ _ No , _ _.9. Do they come from the U.S.A?Yes , _ _ No , _ _.10. Is this an egg?Yes , _ _ No , _ _ 四.对划线部分提问.口诀：一选二变三问号: 一选是分析句意，先选疑问词，代替划线部分（划线部分去掉） ，二变是把剩余部分变成一般疑问句（疑问词作主语时除外） ，第三步加上问号。练习 ：对划线部分提问1. The shoes are black _2. She is my teacher. _3 My keys are on th

18、e sofa. _4. Lily is in the classroom. _5. I am fine. _6. That boy is Tom. _10. Her telephone number is 88828539. _11. The skirt is 12 dollars _12. She is 12 years old. _13. His name is Jim Green ._14. My birthday is on December,24_1.My name is Nancy. _ _ your name?2.I am from China. _ _ you from?3.I

19、 am fine . _ are you?4. Miss.Wang is our English teacher._ is your English teacher?5.Lucy is ten years old. _ _ are you?6. It is yellow . _ _ is it？7.My telephone number is 5805000._ _ your telephone number?8.They are cars . _ are they?9.This is my cap. _ cap is this?10.My favorite movie star is Bru

20、ce Lee. _ is your favorite movie star ?五.同义句转换.1.Please give Jane the book.Please _ the book _ Jane.2. This is my book. This book is _3. He has short hair. _ _ is short.4. My ruler is not long. My ruler is_5. This jacket is not new. This jacket is _ 6.My English teacher is old .My English teacher is

21、 not _.六.单复数转换.1.将下列句子变成复数.It is a box . _ _ _ _ .This is a ruler. _ _ _ _.That is an eraser. _ _ _ _.He is a student. _ _ _ _. .2.将下列句子变成单数。1.They are pencils. _ _ _ _ .2.These are erasers. _ _ _ _ .3.They are boys. _ _ _ _ .4. They are girls . _ _ _ _ .5.Those are books. _ _ _ _ .6.These are desks

22、. _ _ _ _ .7.These are boxes. _ _ _ _ .8.Those are cars. _ _ _ _ .六. 仿照例句改写下列句子。She is in the classroom .否定句： She is not in the classroom.一般疑问句： Is she in the classroom?回答：Yes, she is. (No, she isnt)1. I am a student .否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_2. This is my book.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_3. They are on the desk

23、.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_4. The pen is red.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_八改写句子1. Those are my books. 否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_变单数：_划线部分提问：_2. She is my good friend.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_变复数：_划线部分提问：_3. The pen is in the desk.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_变复数：_划线部分提问：_动词 have , has 的用法用法一. have 强调所属关系，主语常为人或物。意为“有”当主语是第三人称单数，并且只有当

24、句子为肯定句时，动词“有”用 has，当主语不是第三人称单数时，以及否定句和疑问句中用一律用 have一用 have 或 has 填空：1. She_ some balls. 2. They_ a nice garden. 3. Miss Li doesnt_ an English book.4. What does Mike_? 5. My father_ a story-book。6. My parents dont_ any nice pictures. 7. Davids friends_ a basketball.8. David_ some jackets.二仿照例句句型转换：1.

25、We have a baseball.变一般疑问句 Do you have a baseball ?肯定回答 Yes ,I do .否定回答 No , I dont .否定句 We dont have a baseball .对划线部分提问 What do you have ? 2.David has a ruler .变一般疑问句 Does David have a ruler ?(注意 has 变成 have)肯定回答 Yes , he does .否定回答 No , he doesnt否定句 David doesnt have a ruler . (注意 has 变成 have)对划线部

26、分提问 What does David have? (注意 has 变成 have)练习：1.Eric has some nice photos.变一般疑问句_肯定回答 _否定回答 _否定句 _对划线部分提问_2.Her friends have many books.变一般疑问句_肯定回答 _否定回答 _否定句 _对划线部分提问_3.Our school has a library.变一般疑问句_肯定回答 _否定回答 _否定句 _对划线部分提问_4.Lucy has an orange skirt.变一般疑问句_肯定回答 _否定回答 _否定句 _对划线部分提问_用法二. Have 和 has

27、 除了意思为“有”外，还可以表示“吃或喝”1.吃早饭 _ 2.吃午饭 _ 3.吃晚饭_用法三 Have 也可以和表示某种活动的名词连用，意为“举行”7.上课 _ 8.举行生日聚会_句型转换1. I have some fish for lunch every day.变一般疑问句_肯定回答 _否定回答 _否定句 _对划线部分提问_2.Lily has apples for dinner.变一般疑问句_肯定回答 _否定回答 _否定句 _对划线部分提问_(三) 动词 like 的用法仿照例句句型转换：1.They like ice cream.变一般疑问句 Do they like ice cre

28、am?肯定回答 Yes , they I do .否定回答 No , they dont .否定句 they dont like ice cream .对划线部分提问 What do they like ? 2.She likes vegetables. 变一般疑问句 Does she like vegetables? (注意 likes 变成 like)肯定回答 Yes , she does .否定回答 No , she doesnt .否定句 She doesnt like vegetables (注意 likes 变成 like)对划线部分提问 What does she like ?

29、练习：1. I like strawberries .变一般疑问句_肯定回答 _否定回答 _否定句 _对划线部分提问_2 .you like salad.变一般疑问句_肯定回答 _否定回答 _否定句 _对划线部分提问_3. Lily likes apples .变一般疑问句_肯定回答 _否定回答 _否定句 _对划线部分提问_4. His father likes pears.变一般疑问句_肯定回答 _否定回答 _否定句 _对划线部分提问_句型转换专项训练1. Her phone number is 2345167.(提问) _ _ phone number?2. I am Jim Green.

30、(同义句) _ _ _ Jim Green.3. This is an ID card. (提问) _ _ in English?4. This is Jims card. (同义句) _ _ is Jims.5. Her family name is Green. (同义句) Her _ _ is Green.6. They are Lucy and Lily. (同义句 ) _ _ _ Lucy and Lily.7. My last name is Green and first name is Jim. (同义句) _.8. Hes in Class One. (提问) _ _ _ h

31、e in?9. This is a nice flower. (同义句 ) _ _ _ nice .10. Thats my pencil case.(变否定句) _ _ my pencil case.11. Is this your dictionary? (变复数句) _ _ your _?12. Are you a teacher? (做肯定回答) _ , _ _.13. Five and two is seven. (提问) _ _ five and two ?14. The pencil is blue. (提问) _ _ _ the pencil ?15. Lily is my f

32、riend and Lucy is my friend , too. (同义句) Lucy and Lily _ _ _.16. This is a girl. (变复数句) _ _ _ girls.17. These are my friends. (变否定句) _ _ my friends.18. Mrs Green is Kates mother. (同义句) Kate is _ _ _ .19. Those are Toms photos. (变单数句) _ _ Toms photo.20. Thank you for your photos. (同义句) _ _ your photo

33、s.21. Those are Kates pens. (同义句) _ _ _ Kates .22. Shes my aunts daughter. (变复数句) _ my aunts _ .23. That womans Jims aunt. (提问) _ _ that woman ?24. a , is , family , this , of , photo , Davids(连词成句)_25. My books are in the bag. (变一般疑问句) _ _books in the bag ?26. His baseball is under the chair. (变复数句

34、) _ _ _ under the chair .27. Your keys are next to the door. (变单数句)Your_ _ next to the door.28. The sweater is on the bed. (变一般疑问句) _ _ _ on the bed ?29. I need a hat. (变否定句) I _ _ a hat.30. There are some apples on the tree. (变一般疑问句) _ _ _ apples on the tree ?31. I know your pen is black. (变否定句) I _ _ your pen_ black .32. Are those bananas green?(做肯定回答)