1、完成时态瞬间动词变延续性动词规则表延续性动词与终止性动词: 动词按其动作发生的方式,动作发生过程的长短,分为延续性动词和终止性动词。 延续性动词表示的动词是一种延续的动作,这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如:learn,work,stand , lie,know,walk,keep, have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live 终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词,表示的动作不能延续,即动作发生立即结束,产生某种结果。在有了某种结果之后,就不能再继续下去。如:leave,start ,set out,arrive,reach,get to,begin, st
2、op,shut ,turn off,marry,put,put on,get up,wake,fall,join ,receive , finish,end ,complete,become ,come,go,die,close,open,break,give, jump,buy,borrow 等。 1终止性动词的用法 1)终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如: The plane has arrived 飞机到了。 I have finished my homework我已完成了作业。 2)终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续,所以其现在完成时(只限于肯定式)不能和
3、表示一段时间的状语连用。如: 他死了三年了。误:He has died for three years 他来这儿三个月了。误:he has come here for three months两句中的动词 die 和 come 都为终止性动词,它们可用于完成时,但不能同表示一段时间的状语 for three years months 连用。那这两句如何译成英语呢?我们可采用下列方法: A用能够表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。如: He has been dead for three years He has been here for three months 将短暂性动词
4、改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用,其常用的方法有如下几种: a用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有:buyhave,borrow keep,come go becomebe ,catch get a coldhave a cold,get to knowknow 等。 bbe名词: join the Party League be a Party League member, go to schoolbe a student,join the armybe a soldier 等。 cbe形容词副词: diebe dead,leavebe away(from ) ,put onbe on,f
5、inish endbe over,begin startbe on,come be here in, fall asleepbe asleep,go out be out 等。 dbe介词短语: go to schoolbe in at school,join the army be in the army 等。 e去掉短语中的短暂性动词:get to knowknow,come to workwork ,begin to studystudy 等。B把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为表示过去时间的状语,原动词的完成时改为过去时。如: He died three years ago He came
6、 here three months agoC用“It is has been 一段时间since (一般过去时) ”结构。如:It is has been three years since he died It is has been three months since he came here D用“多长时间has passed since(一般过去时) ”结构。如: Three years has passed since he died Three months has passed since he came here 3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已成为一种可以延续的状态,
7、因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如: I havent heard from him for two weeks我已两个星期没收到他的信了.4)终止性动词的否定式同 until 一起连用,构成“not until”结构,意为“直到才” ,表示这个动作直到 until 所表达的时间到来时才发生。如: We wont go to visit the Great Wall until the rain stops直到雨停了我们才会去参观长城。When did you go to bed last night?昨晚你几点钟点上床睡觉的? I didnt go to bed until my fath
8、er got home直到我爸爸到家我才上床睡觉。5)在 while(表示“一段时间” )引导的从句中,不能用终止性动词,但 when 可以,因为 when 可表示“时间的点” ,也可表示“一段时间” 。如: 误:While I got to the village,it was dark 正:When I got to the village,it was dark 6)终止性动词肯定式的完成时不能和 how long 连用。如: 误:How long have you borrow the book? 可改用延续性动词或与 when 连用的一般过去时。 正:How long have yo
9、u kept the book? 正:When did you borrow the book? 2延续性动词的用法 1)延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时可以同一段时间状语连用。如:I have waited for him for nearly two hours我等他快两个小时了。 2)终止性动词不能和表一段时间的状语连用。同样,延续性动词也不能和表示短暂时间的时间点连用。如: 误:It rained at eight yesterday morning rain 为延续性动词,而at eight 是表示时间点的状语,显然矛盾。如果要用延续性动词表示一瞬间的行为,可以借助 come,
10、get, begin等终止性动词来表达。上句可改为: It began to rain at eight yesterday morning 3)在 until 引导的时间状语从句中,若主句的谓语动词是持续性动词,既可以用肯定形式,也可以用否定形式,但句子含义不同。试比较: She listened to the radio until her father came back她一直听收音机到她父亲回来。 She didnt listen to the radio until her father came back直到她父亲回来才听收音机。 【强化训练】 (1)My brother _ th
11、e Youth League for two years Ahas been in B has entered Chas taken part in Dhas joined in _have you been away from home? (I have been away from home )For five years AHow much BWhat time CHow long DWhen (3)The meeting _ for five hours Ahas finished Bhas ended Chas been over Dhas stopped (4)When Jack
12、arrived,he and Mary_ for almost an hour Ahad gone Bhad set off Chad left Dhad been away (5)The baby _ for eleven hours Afell asleep Bhas fallen asleep C has got to sleep Dhas been asleep (6)While I _ Beijing,it was raining very hard Agot to Breached Carrived in Dvisited (7)How long have you _ ? Sinc
13、e two years ago Afallen ill Bbeen ill Cleft home D married (8)What was the party like? WonderfulIts years _ I enjoyed myself so muchAafter Bwhen Cbefore Dsince (9)It is weeks since he _ So it isWed better ask someone else to help us Afell ill Bwas ill Cis ill Dhas been ill (10)Ill lend you my book,but you can onlyit for three days Aborrow Bkeep Ctake Dgot
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