初中英语语法概述.doc

1、初中英语语法概述1、同步知识梳理摩天大楼都是由钢筋和一块块砖瓦共同建造起来的，即使有再多的砖瓦，没有钢筋，不管几层楼都建不成，更不要说是摩天大楼了。同理，英语学习也是一样。我们可以做个类比：电影碟中谍 4在世界最高楼-迪拜塔拍摄的场景喂，你说这帅锅爬这么高的楼他害不害怕呀？我哪知道，我对帅锅不感兴趣，我只想知道这么高的楼，是怎么盖成的呀？由此类比可知，如果把英语比作一栋摩天大楼，那语法就是钢筋，词汇就是一块块的砖瓦，缺少了语法，光有词汇的堆砌，是不能进行正确的英语表达的。所以，同学们，请拒绝“Broken English”！用心去建造我们自己的语言大楼吧！在正式动工之前，我们需要先开启英语语法

2、学习之旅。知识点 1：语法概说语言通常包括三部分，即语音、词汇和语法。语法，简单的说就是一套系统并完善的语言规则，即按照这种我们可以将词汇串联起来构成句子。知识点 2：英语语法的构成+摩天大楼钢筋 砖瓦英语 语法 词汇= +语言语音词汇语法知识点 3：词法的相关概念1. 英语的词类及其划分英语中主要有十大词类，分别是名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、冠词、介词、连词和感叹词。2. 词形变化同学们，英语中大部分的词汇用在具体语境中都会“变身”哦！知识点 4：句法的相关概念1. 句子的成分词法主要研究词类性质、词形变化以及词的用法。英语语法句法主要研究句子种类和结构。哈哈，看我会 72 变已经

3、很厉害了吧！原来比我还能变的是英语单词啊！1Diagram2动词第三人称单数过去式过去分词现在分词.1名词单复数变化4数词基数词序数词3代词主格宾格形容词性物主代词.6. 冠词不定冠词定冠词零冠词5.形容词、副词原级比较级最高级主语、谓语（主谓一致原则）宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语句子成分主要成分次要成分2. 句子的分类二、同步例题分析知识点 1：词法题例 1：（13.南京.1 ）-Do you know Mo Yan?-Of course. He won the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature _B_ the age of 57.A. in B. at C.

4、 on D. to 例 2：（13.常州.1 ）-Have you got any books on English grammar? I want to borrow_A_.-Yes, here you are. But you must return it by Friday.A one B it C some D that例 3：（13.苏州.7 ）Paul made a nice cage _D_the little sick bird till it could flyAkeep Bkept Ckeeping Dto keep例 4：（13.南京.4 ）Lindas father h

5、ates waiting in long lines. I think hes just not very _A_.A. patient B. talented C. popular D. powerful知识点 2：句法题例 1：（13.南京.9 ）-_D_ weather it is! We cant go boating on the Xuanwu Lake.-Dont worry. Lets go to the Science Museum instead.A. What good B. How good C. How bad D. What bad例 2：（13.常州.9 ）-How

6、 soon will you start your journey? -Im not sure. I havent decided _B_.A when shall I ask the boss for leave B where I will go to spend the holidayC whether I would go by train or by plane D who could invite me to go例 3：（13.南京.7 ）There _C_ still some apple juice in the fridge. Its 结构上 功能上简单句并列句复合句陈述句

7、疑问句祈使句感叹句not necessary for us to go to the supermarket now.A. was B. were C. is D. Are 3、课堂达标检测检测题 1：-Excuse me, is there _B_ book by Mo Yan?-Yes. Its on _ bookshelf over there.A. a; / B. a; the C. /; the D. the; a 检测题 2：-Wow! Youve got so many clothes.-But _D_ of them are in fashion now.A. all B. b

8、oth C. neither D. None检测题 3：If I am wanted in the telephone, ask him to leave a _A_.A. message B. letter C. diary D.sentence检测题 4：My grandmother _B_ in Yangzhou. She was born there and has never lived anywhere else.A. lived B. lives C. was living D. will live检测题 5：-Could you tell me_D_?-More than a

9、year.A. how soon will Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport be builtB. how long has Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport been in serviceC. how soon Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport will be builtD. how long Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport has been in service检测题 6：Eagle Father was so_D_ with his son that he kept the four-year-old son runnin

10、g in the snow without clothes.A. leased B. sorry C. careful D. strict检测题 7：-Ill go to the USA next month.-_D_ for?A. Why B. How C. Which D. What初中英语语法考点（词法和句法）1、专题精讲 语法考点一： 词法考点 知识点 1：名词批注：名词是英语中一大实词，是中考中的重要考点。前几年的中考中，名词的考察偏重单复数、名词所有格等考点，但是近几年的趋势是重点考察名词词义的辨析。例 1：（13.南京）Mr White, the principal, has m

11、ade a great _A_ to the growth of the school.A. contribution B. progress C. invention D. protection例 2：（12.南京）Justin Biebers first single, One Time, is about one of his favourite _(topic),puppy time. 解析：该题考查名词的单复数问题，选项中出现了 one of.的固定句型，答案是 topics。例 3：（12.苏州）I am sure Cindy will be able to find the ho

12、tel-she has a pretty good_D_of directionAidea Bfeeling Cexperience Dsense知识点 2：代词批注：近五年中考对代词的考查主要集中在不定代词上，主要考察它们的含义和相互间的功能差别，所以需要掌握这一点，排除语境干扰。名词名词的格名词分类s 格of 格双重所有格普通名词专有名词可数名词不可数名词用以表示人、事物、时间、地点或抽象概念的名称。代词人称代词：主格和宾格物主代词：形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词普通不定代词复合不定代词例 1：（12.南京）Peter is so imaginative

13、that most students recommend _ (他) as the chairperson of the Science Club. 例 2：（12.扬州）A latest Yangzhou Daily, please!Only one copy left. Would you like to have _B_ ,sir?A. one B. it C. this D. that例 3：（13.南京)-Hi, guys. How was your party yesterday?-Wonderful! We had a big meal and enjoyed _D_.A. th

14、emselves B. myself C. yourselves D. ourselves例 4：（13.无锡）How long does it take to get to the airport?Forty minutes. But its foggy today. Im not sure A the highway will closes soon. Lets set off earlier.A. whether B. when C. how D. why知识点 3：冠词例 1：（12.南京）What do you want to be when you grow up?I want t

15、o be _A_social worker. Many people are in great need of our help.A. a B. an C. the D.不填例 2：（11.南京） 一 What do you usually have for _D_ breakfast，Peter?一 A fried egg，three pieces of bread and a glass of milkAa Ban C the D不填例 3：（13.苏州） 冠词定冠词the不定冠词a,an零冠词（不用冠词）与this,that,these,those同源，表示特定的人或物，用作特指，意即“

16、这个/那个/这些/那些。 ”用于单数名词前，与 one 同源，表示微弱的“一”的概念，用于泛指事物。一 Hurry up，or well be late一 Take your timeits just_short distance from here to_C_cinemaA；the Bthe；a Ca ；the D；a知识点 4：数词批注：在近几年的中考题中，数词基本要占到一分的分值，经常出现在单词的适当形式填空题型中。例 1：（13.南京）The Eiffel Tower, a cultural icon of France, was completed at the end of the

17、 (nineteen) century.（12.南京）I got a new bicycle from my father on my (sixteen)birthday. I like it very much.解析：上面两题考查的都是序数词的基本用法，答案分别是 nineteenth, sixteenth. 例 2：（13.常州）-Excuse me, how far is the museum?-Only _(三) stops away.（13.扬州）Jims parents will celebrate their years of marriage this Sunday.（四十）解

18、析：上面两题考查的都是基数词的基本用法，答案分别是 three，forty. 知识点 5：介词例 1：（13.无锡）Ice is not often seen here in winter as the temperature normally stays C zero.A. up B. down C. above D. below例 2：（11.南京）The wedding of Prince William was held in Westminster Cathedral _C_ April 29, 2011数词基数词序数词变化规则以及各自的用法介词时间介词方位介词介词与动词、名词、形容

19、词的搭配地点介词Aat Bin Con Dby例 3：（13 苏州）Sandy is a real book lover and she often brings home many books to read_D_ the libraryAin Bfor Cby DFrom知识点 6：连词批注：关于连词这一考点其实是渗透在后面的句法考点中的，这里只做概念上的了解。基础好的学生可以做补充。例 1：(13. 南京)-Finish your homework _D_ you cant play computer games, Jim.-All right, Mum.A. but B. till C

20、. and D. or例 2：（11.南京)They will try their best in the Dragon Boat Racing _B_ they may failAif Balthough Cunless Duntil例 3：（13.玄武一模） They speak perfect English. How long have they learnt it? _A_ they were seven years old.A. Since B. When C. After D. Until知识点 7：形容词和副词批注：形容词和副词的考点往往是联系在一起的，它们的用法有区别也有联系

21、，当然也可连词常用连词辨析 连词分类when, whileso.that, such.that. and, orhowever, butbecause.并列连词从属连词连词也属虚词，用来连接词与词、句子与句子，不能单独用。连接同一性质，有着相同语法功能的词。在句中表联合、选择、转折、因果关系。连接不同性质并具有主从关系的两部分的连词，常引导状语从句和名词从句。以相互转化。在教授时，建议将两者进行比较讲解。例 1：（13.无锡）What do you think of his new design? Its of even C practical value than the old one.

22、Hes just a bookworm!A. greater B. great C. less D. little例 2：（13.南京）Miss Li is a kind teacher and she always talks to us (gentle).解析：该题考查的是形容词和副词的相互转化。答案是 gently。 例 3：（13.苏州）Peter speaks Chinese well indeed，but of course not _A_a local speaker in ChinaAso fluently as Bmore fluent thanC as fluent as

23、Dmuch fluently than知识点 8：动词批注：学好动词是英语学习的关键，中考中很多题型都涉及到动词的用法。掌握好动词的运用，我们就能在中考中得到较为重要的作用。这里要特别强调学好动词的重要性。近几年考动词词义辨析的题目变多，需引起注意。例 1：（13.南京）-Millie, where is Miss Li?-She _C_ a speech on Chinese art to the first-year students in the hall.A. gives B. gave C. is giving D. has given例 2： （13. 南京）Its said th

24、at an Asian Culture Village_C_ inside the AYG Village in Nanjing in the coming Asian Youth Games period.形容词副词三级跳：原级、比较级、最高级变化规则：+er/est, +r/st, 双写 +er/est, 去 y 加 ier/iest, 前加 more/the most形容词变副词的变化规则：+ly, 去 y 加 ily, le 变为 ly.特殊形式：以 ly 结尾的形容词动词动词的种类 动词的时态和语态1、八种时态及用法2、五种基本形式3、被动语态4、主动语态和被动语态的转换5、使役动词的用法行为动词系动词助动词情态动词非谓语动词动词不定式动名词分词：现在分词和过去分词