初中英语仁爱版八年级上册知识点梳理(共计59页)-c75a1c78852458fb770b56c0.doc

1、1八年级(上册)Unit 1 Play Sports【考点解析】Topic 1 Im going to play basketballSection A1We are going to have a basketball game against Class Threeagainst 表示“对着：反对；靠着” 。e. gWe are all against him【例 1】(10 年通化中考 )Mr. Black is strongly_ keeping animals in the zoo，because he thinks animals should also have the righ

2、t to enjoy freedomAup Bfor Cagainst Ddown2cheer sbon 为加油，鼓劲【例 2】Our class will have a basketball match with Class Two tomorrow.That sounds exciting. Ill go and_.Acheer on you Bcheer you on Ccheer up you Dcheer you up3win 和 beat 都可表示“赢” ，但用法不同。(1) win(won，won)一般后接比赛，奖品或奖项作宾语，也可作不及物动词，表示“赢”的结果。(2) bea

3、t(beat，beaten)击败、战胜，一般接对手作宾语，还可译为“心脏跳动”或“击打” 。a game a teamwin+事物 a war beat+对手 a nationa prize an apponent(对手)e.g. In the 29th Olympic Games，Phelps beat the other suimmers and won 8 gold medals himself. 在第 29 届奥运会上，菲尔普斯战胜其他游泳运动员，一人独获 8 金。【例 3】(10 年福州中考 )My favourite football team was_ (beat)in the

4、Cup Final.【例 4】Our team_ the match. Weve got the first place!Well done! Congratulations!Ahit Bbeat Cwon Dwatched【考点链接】 beatwin(1)They_ the basketball match yesterday(2)By hard work she_ the first place in the math exam(3)He can always_ me at chess(4)Its difficult to_ Class 3They have several good pl

5、ayers【分析比较】 这两个词中都有“赢”的意思。但 beat 的宾语是对手，即表示人的名词或代词，也可指打破纪录。win 的宾语是表示比赛、奖品、胜利或荣誉等的名词或代词。(1)的宾语是“比赛” ，应填 won。(2)的宾语是“名次” ，应填 won。(3)和(4)的宾语为“代词和表示人的名词” ，故填 beat。4prefer 宁愿，更喜欢(1)prefer doing sthto doing sth跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事 prefer sbsth to sb.sth跟某人某物比较起来更喜欢人某物(2)prefer to do sth(rather)than do sth跟做某事比

6、较起来更喜欢做某事(3)prefer to do sth更喜欢做某事【例 5】(10 年安徽中考 ) Do you often watch Man and Nature on TV?2SometimesIts an interesting program，but I_ Sports NewsAprefer Bwant Cenjoy Dmiss 5jointake part in(1)join 参加某个政党，团体，组织等，成为其中的一员(2)join sb(in doing sth)和某人一起( 做某事)(3)join in=take part，in 参加某项活动 【例 6】(09 年包头中考

7、) The weins are walking the book“who moved my cheese”，its fun to _them.Ajoin Bjoin in Ctake part in Denter6a little a bit (1)作状语，修饰比较级 egHe is a bita little older than you (2)作主语或宾语 egPlease give me a bita little(3)与 not 连用时 not a bit=not at all not a little=very much egHe is not a little tired他非常累。

8、He is not a bit tired 他一点也不累。(4)作定语修饰不可数名词 a little(of)=a bit of(5)quite a bit of 后只能接不可数名词。 quite a lot of 可接可数或不可数名词。quite a few后只能接可数名词。【例 7】(09 年上海中考 )The American student could speak only_ Chinese，but he managed to communicate with usAfew Ba little Ca few DlittleSection B1play for a team 为某队效力

9、be inon the team 在某队打球【例 8】Tom likes basketball very much. He wants to play_ the NBA when he grows up.Awith Bfor C. of Dto2dream 作名词， “梦，梦想” 。egmy dream job 也可作动词 dream ofabout sth.doing sth【例 9】Last night I dreamt_ alone in the mountains。Aof run Bof running Cto run Dran3 “one of the+形容词最高级+名词的复数”意思

10、是“最之一” 。egHe is one of the best basketball playersI like him very much但它作主语时，谓语应用单数。One of the tallest boys in the team is from our class.【例 10】(10 年莆田中考 )The Great Wall of China is one of_ wonders in the worldAgreat B. B greater Cthe greatest4break the record 打破记录5in the 2008 Beijing Olympics 在 200

11、8 年北京奥运会中。 “在比赛中”用 in egin the race in the basketball game6give up 放弃。注意应该把介词放在中间。 eggive it up，give up doing sth放弃做某事。 【例 11】(10 年莆田中考 )Smoking is harmful to peoples health, you should_ it_(放弃) 7What a Shame=What a pity 真遗憾!【例 12】(10 年龙岩中考 )一 I missed the wonderful basketball Match.3ANo problem BWh

12、at a pity C. Not at allSection C1spendcostpaytake(1)spend 作 “花费”之意时，指花费时间精力财力在某事或某物上，主语是人。 (2)cost 主要指花费金钱时间劳力精力等。主语是某物或某事。其结构是sthcosts sb(3)pay sb，酬谢某人， payfor可等同于 spendon，或用 cost 作同义句转换。e.gHe paid 20 yuan for the dictionary.=He spent 20 yuan on the dictionary=The dictionary cost him 20 yuan. pay f

13、or sth为付款 eg. He has paid for the coat(4)take 一般指花费时间，其主语是名词或动名词，经常用 it 作形式主语。【例 13】Its take us about a week _the machineAto mend Bmend Cmended Dmending【考点链接】 spendtakecostpay(1)The girl _thirty yuan on the scarf yesterday(2)How much did that shirt_ you?(3) I_ five dollars for the book just now(4)It

14、_ me two hours to finish my homework every night(5)Ill_ for the tickets(6)They_ half a day visiting the Great Wall【分析比较】 四者都有花费的意思。spend 后接金钱或时间，常用结构为 sbspends moneytime on sth或 sbspends moneytime(in)doing sth 。(1)题意为“昨天这个女孩花三十元钱买了条围巾” ，故填 spent。(6)题意为“他们用了半天参观长城 ”，故填 spent。cost 花费金钱、时间等，主语必须是物或用 it

15、 作形式主语。(2)题意为“这件衬衫花了你多少钱” ，故填 cost。pay 常与 for 连用，主语为人。pay for sthpay money for sth(3) 题意为“刚才我花了 5 美元买这本书” ，故填 paid。(5)题意为“我会付这些票的饯 ”，故填 pay。take 多指花费时间，常用句型 It takes sbsome time to do sth(4)题意为“每晚我要花两个小时来完成作业” ，故填 takes。2do exercise=play sports 做运动，锻炼3There be 句型的将来时结构为 There isare going to be 或 The

16、re will be。注意在There be 句型中不能出现表示 “有”的 have 和 has。【例 14】There_ a funny film tonight in our schoolWould you like to see with me?Id like to, but I have to do my homeworkAis Bhave Cis going to have Dis going to be4the high jump 跳高 the long jump 跳远5sure(1)be sure that+从句 egI am sure that he is right(2)sb

17、be sure to do sth某人一定会做某事。强调说话人的语气。egThey are sure to come early=I am sure that they will come early(3)be sure ofabout sthdoing sth “确信” ，表示主语对有把握。egI am sure of success =I am sure I will succeed(4)用在祈使句里 Be sure(not)to do sth一定( 不)做某事 egBe sure to come here early【例 l5】(10 年福州中考) Im not sure_ there

18、are living things on other 4planets or notEven scientists arent sure about itAwhether Bwhere Cwhy6make 的用法。(1)make sbdo sth使某人做某事。被动语态中要还原 to。(2)“make sb sth+形容词”使某人或某物处于某种状态。egThe rainy days make me sad(3)make sthfor sbmake sbsth 为某人制作【例 16】His words made us_(feel)uncomfortable7be good for“对有益” ，反义

19、词组是 be bad for“对有害” 。8keep healthy=keep fit 保持健康【例 17】_(保持健康 )is very important for US because health is everythingSection D1play against 跟进行比赛 egWould you like to play against us?【考点链接】 play withplay againstplay for(1)Our team will_ Class Three next Saturday(2)A group of kids were_ a ball in the st

20、reet(3)Does Yao Ming_ the Houston Rockets in the NBA?【分析比较】play with 玩耍，游戏，玩乐，与玩耍。(2) 题意为“孩子们在玩球” ，故填 playing with。play against 同比赛。(1)题意为“两个队比赛” ，故填 play against。play for 为效力。(3)题意为“姚明在 NBA 为休斯敦火箭队打球吗?” ，故填 play for。2leave for离开某地去某地 leave for=set off for 出发去某地【例 18】(10 年龙岩中考 )Im leaving for Shangh

21、ai to visit the Expo 2010 this weekend_ AWell done BI hope so CHave a good tripe3一般将来时(1)含义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或是存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow，soon，later on，next time(week，month ，year ，Sunday) 等。(2)结构为 be going to do sth或 will do sth 。There be 句型的将来时结构为 There isare going to be 或 There wi

22、ll be。注意在 There be 句型中不能出现表示“有”的havehas。(3)表示位置移动的动词 go, come，leave，fly，start 等可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。其中 go 和 come 一定要用现在进行时表示将来。【例 19】(10 年河北中考 )This term_ over The summer vacation is coming in two weeksAis Bwas Chas been Dwill be【例 20】(10 年重庆中考 )If you_ to the 2010 Shanghai Expo next week，I will go with

23、 youAgo Bhas gone Cwill go Dare going【考点解析】Topic 2 Would you mind passing me some water?Section A51wouldcouldwill you(please)do sth “请你做好吗?”表示委婉请求对方做某事，否定结构是 wouldcouldwill you(please)not do sth 。egWould you please not play the piano loudly?【例 1】(10 年陕西中考 )Hi，JackWould you please_ the picture on the

24、 wall?Ato put up Bput up Cset up D. to set up2fall ill“生病” ，be ill“生病的” ，强调一种状态。 feel ill“感觉不舒服” ，强调一种身体感受。fall down 摔倒，跌倒。【考点链接】 sickill(1)The_ child needs help(2)His grandma is still_ in bed【分析比较】sick“生病的，有病的” 。主要用于美式英语，可以用作定语，也可以用作表语。故(1)和(2)两题都可以填 sick。ill 与 sick 同义，ill 主要用于英式英语，且通常不作定语，只用作表语。故(

25、1)不能填ill，只有(2)可填 ill。3mind 的用法(1)作动词，表示“介意” ，常用于疑问句或否定句中。其结构是 mind sbsthdoing sth 。egI dont mind a little more homeworkWould you mind memy smoking here?=Would you mind if I smoke here?对 would you mind sbsbs doing sth及“would you mind if+从句”的回答，如果是表达“会介意” ，可用 Yes，youd better notI am sorry but I do如果表达

26、“不会介意” ，可用 No，not at all Never mindIt doesnt matterNo ，of course not (2)用于提出建议。Would you mind doing sthwould you mind not doing sth? 对Would you mind doing sth的回答可以用 Of course not，I will do it right awaySorryI will do it right away对 would you mind not doing sth的回答可以用 Sorry，I wont do it againIm sorry

27、about that(3)作动词， “注意，当心” 。egMind the wet paint(4)作名词， “思想” 。set ones mind to do sthon sth专注于做某事【例 2】(10 年宁德中考 )My grandparents are sleeping in the bedroomWould you mind my_ TV?Certainly notWe can go out for a walkAturning on B. turning off Cturning up【例 3】(10 年安徽中考 )I hope you dont mind my opening

28、the window _.Its much too hot in hereACertainly BOf course not CAll right DNever mind4be gladhappy to do sth乐意做某事【例 4】I think everyone is glad_ more friendsYou know，more friends，more roadsAmake Bmaking Cto make Dmakes5practice sthdoing sth 练习做某事【例 5】(09 年上海中考 )Susan finally became a popular singer a

29、fter she practiced for yearsAsing Bto sing C. singing DsangSection B61be always doing sth老是，含有抱怨的感情色彩。egLiu Ming is always fighting with his friends【例 6】Tom，dont be always _for schoolI am very sorryI wontAbe late Blate Cbeing late Dlating2careless 形容词，反义词是 careful。carelessly 副词，反义词是 carefully【例 7】(0

30、9 年上海中考 )Be careful! Theres some broken glass on the groundThe underlined part means_ ALook out BGo ahead CGet ready DKeep quiet3chance 机会 have a chance to do sth有机会做某事 get a chance to do sth得到一个机会做某事【例 8】(08 年潍坊中考 )I am sure I can make it better，if our teacher_ me a second chanceA. give Bgave Cgive

31、s Dwill give4What do you mean by sthdoing sth?=Whats the meaning of sthdoing sth ?【例 9】What do you mean by the word?( 同意句转换)Whats the_ _ word?5shout at sb朝某人喊叫，含有生气或气愤的感情。shout to sb朝某人喊叫，只是为了使对方听到，没有感情色彩。【例 10】You mustnt shout the old peopleIts not politeAto Bwith Cof Dat【考点链接】 shout atshout to(1)T

32、he children_ the driver，but he did not hear them(2)If you dont stop_ me，Ill come and hit you【分析比较】 at 和 to 与同一动词搭配时，意义有很大的区别。shout to sb表示“大声叫某人” ，多因距离远，声音小听不见。(1)题意为“孩子们对着司机喊叫着，但是他没听见。 ”故填 shouted to。shout at sb则表示“生气地或故意地对某人大喊大叫。 ”(2)题意为“你要是不停止冲着我叫嚷，我就过去揍你。 ”故填 shouting at。6fight with sb=have a fi

33、ght with sb与某人打架7be angry with sb意为“生某人的气” ，如：He was angry with himself for having made such foolish mistakes. 他因犯如此愚蠢的错误而感到气恼。【链接】(1) be angry at 对某人的言行感到气愤，如：He was angry at the student. 他因为这个学生的言行而生气。(2) be angry about sth. 对某事感到生气，如：He was angry about so much traffic in the street. 他对街上交通拥挤感到气恼。

34、【例 11】(09 年衡阳中考 ) Are you_ with your sister?Yes，she is always late for schoolAsatisfied Bangry Cstrict8do ones best to do sth=try to do sth尽力做某事9say sorry hellogoodbye to sb向某人道歉问候，道别【例 12】(10 年桂林中考 )How is your father? Please say hello to_ for meAshe Bhim Cit Dher10befeel sorry for to do 为而抱歉(难过)11

35、keep 的用法7(1)keep sbdoing sth使某人一直做某事 egI am sorry to keep you waiting so long(2)“keep sbsth+宾补+adj ”使某人某物处于某种状态 egThe other students must keep their eyes closed(3)“keep sbsth+宾补+adv ”使某人某物处于某种状态 egYoud better keep the children away from the fire(4)keep doing sth继续不断做某事 egThe little baby kept crying

36、all the timekeep on doing sth反复不断地做某事，着重指动作的反复进行。egDont give up hopeKeep on trying(5)“keep+表语” ，表示保持继续(处于某种状态) egkeep fithealthy(6)赡养 egMy father keeps a big family(7)保存，保留 egHow long can I keep the book?【例 13】We should always_ our classroom.Amix；up Bkeep；clean Cmake；fit Dkeep；healthy12turn down 调低音

37、量 turn up 调高音量 turn on 打开 turn off 关上 注意代词都要放在中间。【例 14】(10 年重庆中考 )Please_ the TVMother is working.Aturn off Bturn on Cput off Dput on【考点链接】 turn onturn offturn upturn down(1)Remember to_ the lights before leaving the room(2)Please_ the light for me，its getting dark(3)I feel a little cold and Id like

38、 to_ the heat(暖气)a little (4)Please_ the radio a little，Im trying to sleep【分析比较】turn on“打开(水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)” 。(2) 题意为“请帮我把灯打开，天黑了。 ”故填 turn on。turn off“关掉( 水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)” 。(1) 题意为“离开房间前记得要关灯。 ”故填 turn off。turn up“开大，调高” 。(3)题意为“我感到有点儿冷，我想把暖气开大一点儿。 ”故填turn up。turn down“减少，关小” 。(4)题意为“请把收音机关小一点儿，

39、我想睡觉。 ”故填 turn down。需要注意的是 turn downturn up 可以搭配表示程度的副词，如： a little。而 turn onturn off 不能搭配程度副词。13in a minuteright awayat once 立刻，马上14对 sorry 的回答可以是 Thats OK(all right)It doesnt matterNever mindNot at all 【例 l5】(10 年上海中考)一 Im really sorry to have broken your coffee cup_AGood idea BThats all right CI

40、dont think so DYou are welcomeSection C1love doing to do sth 喜欢做某事2excitingexcited exciting 指使人感到兴奋的事 excited 是指人对感到兴奋【例 16】(10 年福州中考) Lin Tao，why are you so_?Because Wang Meng got three gold medals at the Winter OlympicsAexcited Bangry Cdisappointed 83as welltooalsoeither soneither(1)tooas well 表示“

41、也” ，一般放在句末，且前用逗号隔开，常用于肯定句。egTom is a student；Jack is a student，too as well(2)also 表示“也” ，用于肯定句中，放在 be 动词、助动词、情态动词后实意动词前。(3)在否定句中，都要改为 either。e gTom isnt a student；Jack isnt a student，either(4)so 表示 “也”时，用在倒装句中，表示肯定，其结构是“so+ be 动词助动词情态动词+主语” 。egKate went shopping yesterday；Tom went shopping，tooas wel

42、l(so did Tom)(5)neither 表示“也”时，用在倒装句中，表示否定，其结构是“neither+ be 动词助动词情态动词+主语” 。eg。Kate didnt go shopping yesterday；Tom didnt go shopping，either(Neither did Tom)【例 17】(10 年兰州中考 ) I hear Huang Gang made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday_，and_ ASo he did：so did I BSo did he，so I did CS

43、o he was；so was I【考点链接】 alsoeithertooas well(1)I_ spent some time in Washington.(2)His father is a teacher and his mother is a teacher, _.(3)My father likes sports news_,(4)Peter cant go and I cant_.【分析对比】 also 也，而且。比 as well 和 too 正式，通常置于主要动词之前或 be 动词之后。(1)题意为“我还在华盛顿待了一段时间” ，故填 also。too 也。主要用于非正式的口

44、语中，通常置于句末，可以用逗号隔开。(2)题意为“他的爸爸是位老师，他的妈妈也是老师” ，故天 too。as well 也，还。在英式英语中与 too 相同，在美式英语中，显得比较正式，通常用在句末。(3)题意为“我父亲也喜欢体育新闻” ，故填 as well。either 也。用于否定句句尾。 (4)题意为“彼得不能去，我也不能去 ”，故填 either。4so that 引导目的状语从句，含义是“以便，目的是，为了” 。从句的谓语动词要用may，can，should，could 等情态动词，表示目的状语，相当于 in order that，可以改成 in order to do 句型。egLets take the front seats so thatin order that we may see more clearly=Lets take the front seats in order to see more clearly【例 18】(10 年广州中考 )The teacher speaks very loudly _all the students can hear herAso that Bbecause Csince Dwhen5