初二上册英语第二单元知识点归纳.doc

1、1初二上册英语第二单元知识点归纳Unit2 How often do you exercise?知识点讲解1How often do you exercise？你多久锻炼一次？ 【解析】本句是含有特殊疑问词 how often 的特殊疑问句。how often 多久一次，用于对动作发生的频率进行提问 。回答应该是频度副词或表示频率的词组，如 always，usually，often，sometimes，hardly，ever，never，every day，once a week，three times a day 等。Eg.How often do you go to the movies?

2、你多久去看一次电影？Once a week. 一周一次。how often: 多久一次，用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数，答语有 never, sometimes, often, usually, always, three times a year等。how long: 多长时间， 用来对 “for + 一段时间 ”提问，强调时间的延续，其谓语 动词应为延续性动词；此外，还可用于询问物体的长度。how soon: 需要多长时间，过多久才 对 “in+一段时间 ”或” ,“since+时间段+ago”等时间短语提问 ，答语有 in a week/ month/ year等。how f

3、ar：多远，用来询问距离，答语常用 “数字 + miles/ kilometers”等。由 how形成的特殊疑问词 基本用法由 how形成的特殊疑问词很多，具体提问内容不同，主要有：1. how often 提问事情发生的频率。How often do we do this? 我们多长时间做一次这事？2. how long 提问事情持续时间的长短。How long have you had it? 你有这个毛病有多久了？ 3. how soon 意为“还要多久”，是对从某个基本时间到将来某动作结束或某动作发生这段时间提问常用在一般将来时态的句子中。How soon could you get

4、back to me? 你多快能给我回话呢？4. how fast 提问多快。How fast can this car go? 这车能跑多快?5. how many 提问可数名词的数量多少 。But how many of us achieve all these goals? 但是我们中有多少人实现了所有这些目标呢？6. how much 提问不可数名词的数量多少以及询问价钱；当询问价格时，后面一定是跟物品而非价格，如 How much are the shoes?How much money do you owe him? 你该他多少钱?7. how far 提问距离多远。How far

5、 can you chunk a pumpkin? 你能把一个南瓜扔多远呢？知识小总结：23）how often 表示“多久一次”，是对动作的频率进行提问。其回答通常有：频率副词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, neverhow often 次数时间段: 如：once or twice a weekevery 时间段: every day (每天) 区别：everyday（每天的；日常的）注意：表示“一次或两次”时，一般用 once和 twice表示。如：once a month(一个月一次)而表示“三次或以上”时，则用“数词t

6、imes”结构。如：five times a year (一年五次)4） 由 how构成的疑问词组的用法（1） how many+ 可数名词复数 如：how many programshow much+不可数名词。 如：how much coffee 但 how much=whats the price of.? 还有“多少钱”的意思 如：How much are those pants?(2)how many times: “多少次”. 其答语表示次数。如：once ,twice，three times等(3) How old.? 询问年龄 如：How old are you? I am f

7、ive.(4) 多久(时间) 常用 for two days，for three hours 等回答。多长（某物的长度） 如：-How long is the river? - 10 kms. (5)how soon 用来询问过多久，多久以后，其答语是 in two hours，in three days 等。如：How soon wil he come back？ In an hour。【解析】exercise v 锻炼 =do sports= play sports【短语】take /have/do exercise 做运动 do morning exercise 做早操 do eye e

8、xercise 做眼保健操【拓展】exercise 作名词时，意为“锻炼；运动”时是不可数名词，意为“体操；练习”时是可数名词。例如：I should eat less food and take more exercise.我应该少吃饭，多锻炼。We do morning exercise every morning.我们每天早上都晨练。2. help with housework 帮助做家务 （1） help with sth. 意为“帮助做某事”拓展： help sb. with sth.= help sb. （to） do sth. 帮助某人做某事Eg: I often help hi

9、m with his English.= I often help him (to) learn English. 我经常帮他学习英语。（2）housework 意为“家务劳动” 。不可数名词。 基本用法n. housework 家务事，是不可数名词，do housework 相当于 do chores。She often helps her parents do housework.她经常帮助父母做家务。“多少”“how long?”3 知识拓展-相关单词homework n. 家庭作业do ones homework 做家庭作业He usually does his homework at

10、 6:00 oclock every day.他每天六点做作业。1. They have housework to do.A. many B. much3、 What do you usually do on weekends? 你在周末做什么？“ I usually play soccer.” “我通常踢足球。 ”解析：第一个 do为助动词,在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个 do则是实义动词。Eg1)What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies.Eg2)What does she usually do on wee

11、kends? She sometimes go hiking.【解析 1】频度副词意思 频度always 总是，一直， 100%usually 通常，经常 90%often 常常，经常 70%sometimes = at times 有时，不时 40%hardly ever= almost not 几乎从不 5%never 从不，决不 0%规律总结：1. 这些副词在句子中的位置基本相同，一般放在助动词、be 动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。2. hardly和 never均为否定副词，有二者的句子不需再加 no或 not构成否定，因其本身就是否定句。3. 就这些表示拼读的副词提问时，常用 h

12、ow often。【拓展】some time /sometime/some times/sometimes【口诀】：分开是一段，合起是某时； 分开 s 是倍次，合起 s是某时(1)some time一段时间，做时间状语It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间sometime adv 在某个时候，（ ） I hope to visit the USA _ in the future.A. sometimes B. some times C. sometime D. some time (3) some times 名词词组， “几次，几倍”somet

13、imes=at times 有时 （一般现在时的标志词）_ do you write an English article for our school newspaper? Sometimes.A. How long B. How often C. How much D. How far【解析 2】weekend/weekday 辨析单词 意思 范围4weekend 周末 周六、周日weedday 工作日 周一至周五【解析】on weekends = on Saturday and Sunday 在周末on weekdays= from Monday to Friday 在工作日( ) Th

14、e teachers never arrive late for work from Monday to Friday.A. on weekdays B. on weekends C. every day D. five times a week.辨析：sometimes ，some times ，sometime ， some timesometimes 是频度副词，意为 “有时；间或 ”，表示动作发生的频率，相当于 at times提问。常用于一般现在时与一般过去时。提问用 how oftensome times 是名词短语，意为 “几倍、 几次” 。time 作可数名词时可作“次数”解；

15、表示“时间”时是不可数名词。How mang timessometime 某个时候。可指过去或将来的某个时候。提问用 whensome time 一段时间。常与 for连用。对它提问用 how long 。口诀记忆：分开“一段时间” ；相聚“某个时候” 。Eg：Sometimes I get up very late. 有时我起床很晚。I will go to shanghai sometime next week. 下周某个时候我要去上海。He reads the story some times. 他读这个故事几遍了。Ill stay here for some time. 我将会在这儿呆

16、一段时间。练习： We plan to stay in Hainan for . 我们打算在海南呆一段时间。 I am sure that we have met before. 我肯定我们之前见过几次了。 I have letters from him. 有时我会收到他的来信。4. Hardly ever 几乎从不【解析】hard (1)adv 努力地，猛烈地 work hard 努力工作 study hard 努力学习(2) adj. 困难的，艰难的 =difficult Its hard/difficult for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是困难的Its hard fo

17、r us _(finish) the work without others help.【拓展】hardly adv “几乎不，从来不” ，表否定意义，常与 can ,any ,ever 连用。I can hardly believe it.( ) Its raining _ .People can _ go out.A. hard; hardly B. hardly; hard C. hard ; hard D. hardly ; hardly【注】 形容雨雪下的大用 hard/heavy辨析：hard/hardly1. hard可充当形容词和副词两种角色。(1)用作形容词有“硬的” ， “

18、困难的、艰难的”的意思。其中用作“难的”讲时，在口语中与 difficult通用。The problem is too hard, I cant work it out. 这个问题太难了，我算不出来。 (2)用作副词，意为“努力地、刻苦地” ， “猛烈地” ，hard 用作“猛烈地”讲时，同heavily相同。 He works hard only before exams. 他只在考试前努力学习。 5It is raining hard outside. You cant go out. 外面正下着大雨。你不能出去。 2. hardly只用作副词，意思是“几乎不” 、 “仅仅” 、 “才”

19、，表示否定概念，常和 any连用。hardly any相当于 almost no(not)。hardly 是具有否定意味的词，它不能再与其它否定词一起连用，在由它构成的反意疑问句中，尾句的疑问式须用肯定式。Hardly anybody(Almost nobody) came to the meeting. 几乎没有人来开会。hardly 几乎不，一般位于动词之前。 hard 努力，位于动词之后。eg：He hardly works. 他几乎不工作。 He works hard. 他工作努力。5. use the Internet 用互联网use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事 e

20、g：I use a knife to cut bread. 我用刀切面包。短语：on the Internet 在网上 ， surf the Internet 网上冲浪，上网5. Whats your favorite program？ 你最喜欢的节目是什么？句型：Whats your favorite.?=What. do you like best？你最喜欢的.是什么？1.Whats your favorite animal？你最喜欢的动物是什么？= _【解析】favorite adj. 最喜欢的 = like .best ones favorite + 名词 某人最喜欢的 _(I) fa

21、vorite subject is English. - Whats your favorite _, Bob? - Cats. Theyre so lovely.A. plant B. job C. sport D. animal6. Are you free next week？ 你下周有空吗？free 意为“空闲的，有空的” ，反义词 busy。 be free 意为“闲着，有空”eg:：He is free now.他现在有空。拓展：free 还可译为“免费的”Eg：The tickets are free. 票是免费的【解析】free adj. 空闲的 be free = have

22、time 有时间 adj. 自由的，免费的 be free to do sth 随心所欲的做某事7.twice a week一周两次 【解析】英语中，once 表示“一次” ，twice 表示“两次” ，从三次或三次以上通常用“基数词+times”表示，time 在这里是可数名词，意为“次数” ，复数形式直接加“s” ，如：“六次”six times， “十次”ten times。 知识拓展-其他用法1. once 作时间副词，once upon a time“从前 ”，多用在过去时中；介词短语 at once 意为“立刻、马上” 。2. 用于状语从句中，表示“一旦” 。如：Once the

23、sun had set, the air turned cold.太阳一落，空气就变冷了。3. 就“次/倍数”名词提问用 how many times, 就“次数+a+week/month 等”提问用 how often。4. twice以及“基数词+times”还表示倍数，即“两倍或几倍” 。2）表示“几次”的表达方法是：once a day/ a week/ a month/ a year twice a day/ a week/ a month/ a year68. Hmm.next week is quite full for me，Jack.呣下周我很忙，杰克。quite full

24、很忙，相当忙.拓展：1.full 还可译为“满的，充满的” 。Eg：The bus was full when they got there. 翻译_2.full 还可译为“饱的” 。Eg：I cant eat any more，I am quite full. 我不能再吃了，我相当饱了。【解析】 full adj. 忙的 = busy adj. 满的；充满的 be full of = be filled with 充满This shelf is full of / filled with books. Help yourself to some more meat,Linda. _.A. I

25、m full, thanks B. Its my pleasure C. It doesnt matter D. Very well, thank youadj. full 满的；充满的；充分的，充足的，完全的The glass is full. 杯子满了。full-time job 全职工作 知识拓展： 常用短语 be full of = be filled with “充满的，富有的” This shelf is full of / filled with books. The room is full of people. We cant go in.房子里满是人，我们进不去。反义词 e

26、mpty “空的”full adj. 吃饱的；过饱的，其反义词是 hungry，意为“饥饿的” 。Eg. Are you hungry or full？你饿了还是饱了？词义辨析：fill/full1. fill为及物动词，表“使满” ，常与介词 with搭配，表达“被充满”时用 be filled with结构。如：The bottle is filled with water. 这只瓶子装满了水。He was filled with joy at the news. 听到这个消息，他内心充满了喜悦。2. full是形容词，多作表语，表示主语所处的状态，常见于 be full of结构中。如：

27、The schoolbag is full of books. 书包里装满了书。注：be filled with = be full of，但介词 with与 of 不能混淆。如：The room is full of people. = The room is filled with people.9、She sometimes goes shopping. 她有时去购物。【解析】 shop n 商店= store v 购物 go shopping 去购物 do some shopping 购物I often go with my friends on weekends. (shop) 【拓

28、展】go +动词 inggo swimming 去游泳 go skating 去滑冰 go fishing 去钓鱼 go boating 去划船 go hiking 去远足 go hunting 去打猎7( ) Its a fine day. How about _? Sounds great!A. go hiking B. go to hike C. going hiking D. to go to hike【解析】sometimes 为频度副词，意为“有时候” ，多用于一般现在时或一般过去时中。辨析： sometimes, sometime, some time 与 some timesS

29、ometimes意为“有时” ，可放于句首或句中。 （How often 提问）Sometime表示在某个时间段内的某个时候，既可以表示过去某个时间也可以表示将来的某个时间。 （When 提问）Some time 名词性短语，意为“一些时间” ，time 是不可数名词，意为“时间” 。 （How long提问）Some times表示“几次” ，time 是可数名词，表示“次；次数” 。 （How many times 提问）Eg. Even friends sometimes disagree. 即使是朋友，有时也会意见不合。I hope to see you again sometime

30、next year. 我希望明年的某个时候能再见到你。Please give me some time to red this passage.请给我一些时间看这篇文章。I have been to Beijing some times before. 我以前去过北京几次。10、 How come? 怎么会？ 怎么回事？How come?是固定表达，意为“怎么回事？/怎么会？”表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didnt come to the party

31、? = Why didnt Tom come to the party?11. I have dance and piano lessons. 我要上舞蹈课和英语课。have 在此意为“上课” 。Eg: Theyre having an English lesson. 他们正在上英语课。扩展：have lessons 上课 ， Lesson One 第一课12. Well ，how about Tuesday？ 哦，那周二呢？How about.? (=What about.?) 意为“怎么样？” ，用来征求对方的意见。Eg: How about this book? 这本书怎样？How /

32、What about doing sth. .? 做怎么样？Eg：-What will we do on Sunday？ 星期天我们什么？-How about visiting the museum？ 去参观博物馆咋样？1. Its sunny today，What about _（play）tennis？13I go to the movies maybe once a month.我可能一月去看电影一次。【解析】maybe adv. 大概；或许；可能Eg. Maybe that man is a policeman. 或许那人是警察。maybe 和 may bemaybe 副词，意为“或许

33、；大概” ，常位于句首表推测。 Maybe he is at Jims home.或许他在吉姆家。may be由情态动词 may和 be构成，意为“可能是、也许是” ，在句中作谓语。He may be right.他可能是对的。【解析 1】go to the movies = go to the cinema = see the film 去看电影【解析 2】maybe/may be 辨析：（1） maybe =perhaps adv 也许，可能，表示推测，通常用于句首，在句中作状语。( ) _ Li Hua wants to be an astronaut like Yang Liwei.A

34、. May be B. May C. Also D. Maybe 8（2）may be 是“情态动词 may +动词原形 be”, 或许，可能是，也表示推测，在句中作谓语。可以和 maybe 互换。Toms pen may be in his backpack.=Maybe Toms pen is in his backpackNow all of us exercise at _ least _ hour a day in and outside school.A. the ; a B. a; an C. /; a D. /; an 3 although是连词，意为“虽然，尽管，即使” 。例

35、如：Although he is young, he knows a lot.虽然他很年轻，但是他知道很多。【注意】although=though,汉语中可以说“虽然，但是” ，但英语中although/though与 but不能同时出现在同一个句子中。14He plays at least twice a week.他至少一周踢(足球) 两次。【解析】least adv.最小；最少 adj. health B. to keep; healthy C. keeping ;health D.keeps; health20. What kind of dance are you learning

36、? 你在学什么舞？ Swing dance 摇摆舞【解析】kind (1) n 种类 kind of +adj.有点，有几分，kind of cold 有点冷a kind of 一种的，某种的 all kinds of 各种各样的 different kinds of 不同种类的 What kind of?哪种? . - What_ bowl of noodles would you like, small, medium or large?- A large bowl of beef noodles, please. A. color B. price C. size D. kind(2)

37、adj. 友好的 be kind to sb. =be friendly to sb. 对某人友好Its kind _ you _ help me with my English.A. of; to B. for; to C. of; for D. to; to【解析 2】swing n 秋千 There is a kid playing on the swing. v. 摆动，荡秋千 swing dance 摇摆舞 【记】s + wing(翅膀) swing21.no adj. (1)没有的= not any/not a /not anThere is no chalk on the tea

38、chers desk. = There is not a chalk on the teachers desk.(2) no 不要，禁止No swimming ！禁止游泳 No parking! 禁止停车！No photos! 禁止拍照！22. How about Tuesday? 那么周二呢？【解析】 How about = what about. .怎么样？（用来询问对方的情况或征求意见）How about doing sth = what about doing sth? How about _(go) swimming? What about _ a rest? OK! Lets go

39、 for a walk. A. to have B. had C. have D. having23. How often do they stay up late? 他们多久熬一次夜？【解析】stay up 熬夜 = sit up 10.stay up与 stay up late区别1）stay up “熬夜、不睡觉”如：He stayed up all night to write his story.他熬了一整夜写他的小说。2）stay up late“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”如：Dont stay up late next time.下次不要再熬夜很晚了。stay at home 呆在家里

40、stay away from 远离( ) If you stay up , you will be tired. A. go to bed late B. dont go to bed C. work hard D. sleep early24. How often do you eat junk food? 你多久吃一次垃圾食品？【解析】 junk food 垃圾食品 green food 绿色食品natural food 天然食品 healthy food 健康食品25. 频度副词【解析】频度副词表示经常性的动作或情况，常和一般现在时连用，表示现在经常或反复发生的动作，按其频率发生的高低分

41、别是：always 总是； usually 通常；often 经常； sometimes 有时；hardly ever 几乎不；never 从不。对这些频度副词进行提问时，用特殊疑问词 how often，意为“多久一次” 。Eg. They always go to the park by bus. 他们 总是乘公共汽车去公园。Kate is often late for school. 凯特经常上学迟到。I sometimes_watch TV programs.(对画线部分提问)How often do you watch TV programs? 你多久看一次电视节目？26. But

42、my mother wants me to drink it. 但我妈妈想让我喝它。want 为及物动词，意为“ 想要” ，其后接名词或动词不定式，相当于 would like, 但 would like的语气更为委婉。want sb. to do sth.= would like to do sth. 意为“想让某人做某事” ，否定形式为want sb. not to do sth. 意为“不想让某人做某事” 。Eg：She wants me to bring him some pens. 她想让我给她带些钢笔。拓展：1.want sth. 想要某物 Do you want any stor

43、y books？你想要些故事书吗？ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事2.want to do sth. 想要做某事 I want to visit my uncle. 我想去看望我的叔叔。Do you want （tell）me anything？27She says its good for my health. 她说它对我的健康有益。 基本用法be good for “对有益，对有好处” ，介词 for 后接名词或代词。Its not good for your eyes to read books in the sun.太阳底下看书对眼睛不好。 知识拓展反义词be bad for “对有害”Its bad for the environment to throw rubbish everywhere.到处扔垃圾对环境不好。词义辨析：be good(bad) to/be good(bad) for/be good(bad) at1. be good to意为“对友好” 。 My friend was good to me when I was ill.