历年考研英语真题集含答案(word版).doc

1、2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 12013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual de

2、cisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with.

3、 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should

4、not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into con

5、sideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicants score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily s

6、eries of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been

7、20 .1.A grant B submits C transmits D delivers2.A minor Bobjective C crucial D external3.A issue B vision C picture D moment4.A For example B On average C In principleD Above all5.A fond Bfearful C capable D thoughtless6.A in B on C to D for7.A if Buntil C though D unless8.A promote Bemphasize C sha

8、re D test2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 29.A decision B quality C status D success10.A chosen Bstupid Cfound D identified11.A exceptional B defensible C replaceable D otherwise12.A inspired Bexpressed C conducted D secured13.A assigned Brated C matched D arranged14.A put Bgot Cgave D took15.Ainstead Bthen

9、C ever D rather16.Aselected Bpassed C marked D introduced17.Abefore B after C above D below18.A jump B float C drop D fluctuate19.Aachieve Bundo C maintain Ddisregard20. A promising B possible C necessary D helpfulSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer th

10、e questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two

11、 extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the

12、 World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to todays global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)_Humanity has t

13、he necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)_This is a shamethe community should be grasping the opportunity to raise

14、 its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 3Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on top

15、ics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)_When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of po

16、verty on Belgium for example .And whether the communitys work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)_this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who compl

17、ain about a lack of funding should not expect more in todays economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a ne

18、w program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)_That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at

19、solving global problems.A It could be that we are evolving two communities of socialscientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highlyspecialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishingelsewhere,such as policy briefs.B However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,abo

20、ut 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of theseKeywords.C the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusi

21、ve, innovative and secure societies.D the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.E These issues all have root cause

22、s in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming 2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 4climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.F De

23、spite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .G During the late 1990

24、s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Part B: (10 points)Section III Translation46. D

25、irections: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is sp

26、eculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photog

27、raphs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “s

28、till point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlik

29、ely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of ones relation to ones environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didnt exist or was n

30、ot discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 5Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding

31、 claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of

32、New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are

33、various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a

34、yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.Section III WritingParty A51 Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you th

35、ink necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B: (20 points)Part B52 Directions:Write an essay of about 160 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you sho

36、uld(1) describe the drawing briefly,(2) interpret its intended meaning, and(3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2013 年考研英语真题答案 62013 年考研英语真题答案2012 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 72012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose th

37、e best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in sev

38、eral instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the courts reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the courts decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is

39、 that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Consti

40、tution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from 2012 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 8politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because the

41、y are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so e

42、asily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the courts legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1. Aemphasize Bmaintain Cmodify D recognize2. Awhen Blest Cbefore D u

43、nless3. Arestored Bweakened Cestablished D eliminated4. Achallenged Bcompromised Csuspected D accepted5. Aadvanced Bcaught Cbound Dfounded6. Aresistant Bsubject Cimmune Dprone7. Aresorts Bsticks Cloads Dapplies8. Aevade Braise Cdeny Dsettle9. Aline Bbarrier Csimilarity Dconflict10. Aby Bas Cthough D

44、towards11. Aso Bsince Cprovided Dthough12. Aserve Bsatisfy Cupset Dreplace13. Aconfirm Bexpress Ccultivate Doffer14. Aguarded Bfollowed Cstudied Dtied15. Aconcepts Btheories Cdivisions Dconceptions16. Aexcludes Bquestions Cshapes Dcontrols17. Adismissed Breleased Cranked Ddistorted18. Asuppress Bexp

45、loit Caddress Dignore19. Aaccessible Bamiable Cagreeable Daccountable20.Aby all mesns Batall costs Cin a word Das a resultSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:2012 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 9Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your

46、answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your a

47、nswers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder a

48、t those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of productio