外研版八年级下册语法讲解和练习.docx

1、 八年级下册英语语法 by 厚德载物 tan1 / 21模块一语法表示感觉和知觉的系动词1表示感觉和知觉的系动词也可称为感官动词，主要有 look (看起来), smell (闻起来), sound (听起来), taste (尝起来), feel (感觉 /摸起来) 。2感官动词属于连系动词，后接形容词作表语，构成系表结构，说明主语所处的状态。例如：He looks tired. 他看起来累了。These flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来香Her voice sounds beautiful. 她的声音听起来优美。The cake tastes delicious .蛋

2、糕尝起来美味。I felt guilty. 我感到内疚。3感官动词后可接介词 like, like 后可接名词或 v.ing 形式。例如：That boat looks like a duck.那条船看起来像一只鸭子。It smells like being burnt.它闻起来像烧焦了一样4含有感官动词的句子，其否定句和一般疑问句要借助助动词完成。例如：He looks worried. 他看起来忧愁。He doesnt look worried 他看起来并不忧愁。Does he look worried?他看起来忧愁吗？. 单项选择( )1. The cake _ delicious. I

3、 cant wait to eat it. Afeels Bsounds Cbecomes Dsmells( )2.Apples of this kind _ Atastes good Btastes well Ctaste good Dtaste well( )3.2015潍坊The new sweater I bought for my grandma _ soft. She likes it very much. Alooks Bsmells Ctastes Dfeels( )4. Oh, Im hungry. Mum, can I have the hamburger on the p

4、late? No. It tastes_A. terribly B. terrible C. good D. well( )5.The cake looks _. Yes, and it tastes even _. A. well; good B. nice; better C. good; worse D. better; best( )6.2015镇江ThreeD printing technology could be used to build a house in less than 24 hours.It _ amazing. Its my first time to get t

5、o know the news Alooks Bsmells Csounds Dtastes( )7.Oh, it_so nice. What beautiful music it is! Asmells Bsounds Ctastes Dlooks( )8.Dinner is ready. Help yourself! Wow! It _ delicious. You are really good at cooking. Alooks Bsounds C tastes Dfeels( )9.Lets go on a picnic this weekend, OK? That sounds_

6、. Agreat Bwell Chardly Dterribly( )10.I like to read English in the garden because the flowers in it smell _. Agood Bwell Cbad Dbadly( )11. Do you like swimming in winter?Of course. The water _ a bit cold at first, but then I am warm and full of energy.Atastes Bfeels Csmells Dlooks( )12.Mum is makin

7、g dinner. It _ so nice! Asmells Btastes Cfeels Dsounds( )13.Good medicine for health _ bitter to the mouth. Afeel Btastes Cfeels Dtaste( )14.Some of my friends eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what _ nice.Afeels Bsmeels Clooks Dtastes八年级下册英语语法 by 厚德载物 tan2 / 21( )15. Do you know the song Ga

8、ngnam Style?Of course. It _ interesting.A tastes B smells Csounds Dfeels.根据汉语意思完成句子 1我的毛衣摸起来柔软。 My sweater _ Feels soft2聚会听起来太吵了。 The party _ Sounds noisy3你妈妈看上去很年轻。 Your mother _ Looks young4汤尝起来咸了。 The soup _ Tastes salty5它闻起来新鲜吗？ _ it _？ Does smell fresh6他看上去像一位专家。 He _ an expert. Looks like7这食物尝

9、起来怎样？ _ _ the food _？How does taste8这个主意听起来有趣吗？ _ the idea _ interesting? Does sound9你叔叔长什么样？ _ _ your uncle _ _？ What does look like10他当众讲话对并不紧张。He _ _ _when he speaks in public. Doesnt look nervous.用所给词的适当形式填空1 The cloud _ (look) like a horse. looks2 The coat _ (feel) very soft. So she bought it a

10、t once. felt3 The weather _ (get) warmer and warmer these days. Is getting4 The man _ (seem) to be very angry. seems5 That idea _ (sound) very great. Sounds6 The baby panda looks very _(love). lovely7 Dont eat the fish. It smells _(badly)bad8 The background music sounds _(noise). Please turn it down

11、. noisy9 What do you think of the milk?Oh, it _( taste ) good. tastes10 I felt _(relax) lying in the sun. What a good time! Relaxed八年级下册英语语法 by 厚德载物 tan3 / 21模块二语法现在完成时(一)现在完成时用来表示在以前某个时间或某段时间已经发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对目前有某种影响；还可以表示到目前为止已经完成的事情。现在完成时态的基本句型结构是：“have/has+动词的过去分词”。其用法主要有1当句子的主语是第三人称单数 时，要用“has动词的

12、过去分词” 。例如：He has finished his homework.他已经做完作业了。 2动词的过去分词变化形式主要有以下几种：大部分动词的过去分词和过去式相同，但也有许多不规则变化，需要特别记忆。例如：seesawseen, bewas/werebeen, comecamecome, gowentgone, taketooktaken 等。3.现在完成时的否定形式为 havent/hasnt+动词的过去分词 ，其一般疑问句形式是把 have/has 提到句首，动词过去分词不变化。例如：I have seen this film. 我已经看过这部电影了。I havent seen t

13、his film. 我没看过这部电影。Have you seen this film? 你看过这部电影吗？Yes, I have./No, I havent. 是的，我看过。/ 不，我没看过。He has been to Beijing. 他去过北京。He hasnt been to Beijing. 他没去过北京。Has he been to Beijing？ 他去过北京吗？Yes, he has./No, he hasnt. 是的，他去过。/ 不，他没去过。.单项填空( )1.2014赤峰The storybook is very interesting. I agree with you

14、. I_ it twice already.Aread Bwill read Cam reading Dhave read( )2.Hasnt Betty come yet? No, and I_ for her for nearly two hours.Await Bwaited Chave waited Dhad waited( )3.Do you want to see the film 3D Titanic? The film 3D Titanic? I_ it. Its really wonderful.Asee Bhave seen Cwas seeing Dhas seen( )

15、4.Have you ever been to Beijing? _. I went there last year.AYes, I did BYes, I have C. No, I haven t DNo, never( )5.Where is your father? He _ Dalian.A. have gone to B. has gone to C. have been to D. has been to( )6.2014广州Miss Brown, we _ cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now? Afinish Bfinishin

16、g Care finished Dhave finished.用所给词的适当形式填空1 Mum, can I watch TV now? I _ (finish) my homework. Have finished2 The boys _ (not read) the interesting books yet. Their mother will buy some for them. Havent read3 _ you _ (hear) from your pen pal recently? Have heardYes, I have. I _ (get) a letter from h

17、im yesterday. got4 _ you ever _ (eat) the pizza? No, I havent. Have eaten5 _ you _(call) your mum yet? Yes, I _. Have called hasI called (call) her last night. 6 Has Jack visited (visit) his grandparents? Not yet. 八年级下册英语语法 by 厚德载物 tan4 / 217 Have your parents ever _been (be) abroad? Yes, just once.

18、 8 Who has seen (see) the film before? .按要求完成下列各题1 My parents have gone to England( 对画线部分提问)Where have your parents gone?2 Would you like some more food?No, thanks. I have had enough.(完成句子)3 Daming has climbed Mount Tai before.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) Has_ Daming climbed_Mount Tai before? No_， he hasnt4 He h

19、as waited for her for_2_hours(对画线部分提问)How long has he waited for her?5 Jane came to China two years ago. (改为同义句)Jane has been _ in China for two years. 八年级下册英语语法 by 厚德载物 tan5 / 21模块三语法现在完成时(二)1现在完成时态还可以用来表示“刚刚做完某事；已经做完某事 ”等，此时经常用 just, already 和 yet 来表示，其中， just 表示“刚刚” ； already 表示“已经” ，一般置于 have/ha

20、s 之后；just 和 already 都用于肯定句中，在否定句和疑问句中则可用 yet，表示“还未” 。例如：I have just heard the news. 我刚刚听到消息。Astronauts have already been to the moon. 宇航员已经去过月球了。I havent been to Beijing yet.我还没有去过北京。注意： just, already 和 yet 在句中的位置：I have just heard from my son.我刚刚收到儿子的来信。Ive already bought the book.我已经买了这本书。He hasnt

21、 cleaned the house yet.他还没有打扫屋子。2在现在完成时态中，要注意 have been to 和 have gone to 的区别，前者表示“去过某地” ，但现在已经回来了；后者表示“去了某地” ，现在还没回来。例如：The spacecraft has gone into space. It wont return.宇宙飞船已经进入太空，不会回来了。I have been to Mount Tai twice.我去过泰山两次了。.单项填空 ( )1.2014北京He _ in this factory for 20 years already.Awill work B

22、works Chas worked Dis working( )2.2015铜仁Where is your mother? She _ Guiyang. Ahas gone to Bhas been to Chas been in Dwent to答案 A 句意：“你的母亲在哪里？” “她去贵阳了。 ”表示“去某地没回来”用 have gone to；表示“去某地已经回来”用 have been to。根据问句可知“妈妈”现在不在说话的地方，即去某地还没有回来。故选 A。答案 A 句意：“你的母亲在哪里？” “她去贵阳了。 ”表示 “去某地没回来”用 have gone to；表示“去某地已经

23、回来”用 have been to。根据问句可知“妈妈”现在不在说话的地方，即去某地还没有回来。故选 A。( )3.Dave, we will leave in 10 minutes. Are you ready? No, I _ our guidebook and towels yet.Adont pack Bdidnt pack Chave packed Dhavent packed( )4.My cousin _ Sydney for half a year.A. has been to B. has gone to C. has come to D. has been in( )5.

24、Aunt Wang is not here now. She has _ to Shanghai and will stay there for several months.A. got B. come C. been D. gone( )6.Have you finished your work _？ Yes, Ive _ finished it.Aalready; yet Byet; already Cyet; yet D already; already( )7.2015常德 I only started taking French classes last week and I _

25、50 French words already.Alearned Blearn Chave learned( )8.My mother _ the dinner already.Acooking Bcooked Chas cooked Dcook八年级下册英语语法 by 厚德载物 tan6 / 21( )9.2014黔东南_ you ever_ to Xijiang? Yes, I _ there last year.AHave; gone; went BHave; been; have been CHave; been; went DHave; gone; have gone( )10. W

26、hy is Mr Yang still in the teachers office? Maybe he_ his work yet.Adoesnt finish Bhasnt finished Chavent finished Ddont finished .用 already, just, yet, never 或 ever 填空1 Has Li Ming received the invitation _yet_? No, he hasnt got it yet . But I know Mr Zhao has already got it.2 Have you read any boo

27、ks on Mars? No, I have never read a single word about Mars.3 Have people been to Mars? No, we have never been there.4 The astronaut has just gone back to the earth.5 The spaceship hasnt sent any information back to us yet.根据汉语意思完成句子1我刚到这儿，还不认识几个人。 I have just arrived/got here and I havent known seve

28、ral people yet 2我还没有问他。 I havent asked him yet . 3迈克刚刚做完了作业。 Mike has just done/finished his homework4她现在不在这里，她去广州了。 She isnt here now. She has gone to Guangzhou. 5我的弟弟已经看过这部电影了。 My brother has seen_ the movie already. 6 “你曾经去过巴黎吗？” “是的，我去过那儿两次。 ”Have you ever been to Paris? Yes, I have been there t

29、wice. 7这本书我可以借多久？ How long can I keep the book?8虽然这本书他已经读了三遍了，但是他希望再读一遍。Though he_has read the book three times, he hopes to read it a fourth time.9 “你想念你的哥哥吗？”“是的，非常想念，我 3 个月没有收到他的来信了。 ”Do you miss_ your brother?Yes, very much. I havent heard from him for three months.10 2015佛山至今，145 个国家参加了 2015 意大

30、利米兰世博会。So far, 145 countries have taken part in the 2015 World Expo in Milan, Italy.按要求完成下列各题1 I have already finished my homework.(改为否定句)I havent finished my homework _yet 2 He has read the book Who Moved My Cheese.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)Has he read the book Who Moved My Cheese?Yes, he has 3 She wrote a le

31、tter to her cousin. (用 just 改为现在完成时态)She has_ just written a letter to her cousin. 4 Tony isnt at home. He went to Hong Kong. (合并为一句)Tony has gone to Hong Kong. 5 I came here two days ago. (改为同义句)I _have been here for two days. 6 Lucy has been to Beijing several times. (对画线部分提问)How many times has Lu

32、cy been to Beijing? 八年级下册英语语法 by 厚德载物 tan7 / 21模块四语法现在完成时态(三)1如果要表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在，则要用现在完成时态。这时，句子通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这类状语通常由 for 或 since 来引导。需要注意的是， for _后面接一段时间，而 since 后面接时间点或过去时态的句子，即 for_ 用来说明动作延续的时间长度，since 用来说明动作的起始时间。例如：I have lived in Hebei for ten years. 我在河北已经住了十年。He has been in this s

33、chool since 2000. 自从 2000 年起，他就在这所学校了。My sister has learnt English since she was four. 我姐姐从 4 岁起就开始学英语。2如果要对现在完成时态句子中的时间状语进行提问，通常要用 how long。例如：How long have you studied English? 你学英语学了多长时间了？For four years. 四年了。How long has he taught here? 他在这儿教书多长时间了？Since five years ago.自从五年前。3在现在完成时态的句子中，短暂性动词一般不

34、能与时间段连用，但在 否定句 中，则一般可以和表示一段时间的 for 短语连用。例如：I have stayed in the hotel for a week. 我已经在这家宾馆待了一周了。My parents havent seen me for two years. 我父母有两年没见我了。He hasnt come to school for a week. 他一周没来上学了。注意 短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，但如果要保留表示一段时间的时间状语，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。常见的短暂性动词转换为延续性动词如下(1)fall asleepbe asleep (2)beg

35、in/start be on(3)buyhave (4)diebe dead (5)comebe in(6)arrivebe here(7)joinbe in/be a member of(8)finish/endbe over(9)leavebe away(10)borrowkeep (11)begin to studystudy (12)come backbe back4现在完成时态还经常用于“Its the first/secondtime that”结构中。例如：Its the first time that I have visited here. 这是我第一次参观这里。It wil

36、l be the third time that you have seen the film with me. 这将是你第三次和我一起看电影。.单项填空 ( )1.Look at these stamps. I _ them for five years. Wow, they are wonderful.Akept Bhave kept Chave bought Dbought( )2.2015昆明Long time no see! Oh! It_ five years since we met last time.Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been解析 C 考查

37、现在完成时。句意： “很长时间没见了！” “自从上次我们见面五年了。 ”since 是现在完成时的标志词，前面主语是 it，故用 has been，选 C( )3.Our foreign teacher Mr Green_ us English since three years ago.Ahas taught Bis teaching Ctaught Dteaches( )4.Weve lived here _ 1980. So youve lived here _ more than 30 years.Asince; for Bfor; since Cfor; for Din; since

38、解析 A 1980 是一个时间点，所以用 since; more than 30 years 是一个时间段，要用 for。故选 A。( )5.2014安徽Rick has learned a lotabout Chinese culture _ he came to China.Abefore Bwhen Cuntil Dsince八年级下册英语语法 by 厚德载物 tan8 / 21解析D 考查连词的用法。句意：Rick 已经学了许多中国文化 _他来到中国。before 意为“在之前”；when 意为“当的时候” ；until 意为“直到” ；since 意为“自从” 。since 引导过去

39、时态的时间状语从句时，其主句用现在完成时。故选 D。( )6._ have you learned Chinese? For 3 years.AHow often BHow much CHow long DHow soon解析 C 由答语 “For 3 years.”可知，上句是问“多长时间” ，故选 C。( )7.Mr Green _ from his home town for 3 years.Ahas been away Bhas gone Chas left Dhas come解析 A 句中“for 3 years”是一个时间段，因此要与延续性动词连用，故选 A。( )8.2015乌鲁

40、木齐 Mr Brown_his home town since he_the army.Ahas left; joined Bhas been away from; has joined Chas been away from; joined Dleft; joined解析 C 考查动词的时态以及延续性动词与非延续性动词的辨析。since 引导的状语从句的谓语是非延续性动词的过去时，主句的谓语动词应用延续性动词的现在完成时。leave 是非延续性动词，不能和一段时间连用。be away from 是延续性动词，可以和一段时间连用。所以选择答案 C。( )9.He _ for ten years

41、.Ahas been married Bmarried Cgot married Dhas married( )10. How long has Robert _？ Since 2004.Abeen to Beijing B become a policeman Cjoined the art club Dstudied in this school.用 for 和 since 填空1 She has worked here _ 2014. Since2 We have known each other _ six years. For3 He has learnt about 1，000 E

42、nglish words _ he went to college. since4 I have known him _ two years ago. since5 She has been away _ about four years. for6 He has been a league member _ two years. For7 I have studied English _ 2009. since8 Mr Brown has been in Shanghai _ about two weeks. For9 Its three years _ the old man died. since10 The film has been on _ about ten minutes when w