英语形容词和副词的用法解析.doc

1、1形容词和副词一、形容词 形容词修饰名词/不定代词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。一般放所修饰名词前作定语，也可独立作表语/ 宾补等1、作定语： this is an interesting story. kitty is a clever cat. 2、作表语： Yao Ming is very tall. our classroom is big and bright.3、作宾补： dont make your hands dirty. were trying to make our school beautiful.可将形容词分成性质形容词+叙述形容词，不一定都放在名词前面。1、直接说明事物

2、的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。 例如：hot 热的。2、叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以 a 开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。（错）He is an ill man. （对）The man is ill. （错）She is an afraid girl. （对）The girl is afraid.这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike ，alive ，alone ，asleep，awake 等。

3、3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing 为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词后。 例如：something nice二、以-ly 结尾的形容词 1、大部分形容词加-ly 可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly ，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly ，brotherly，仍为形容词。改错：(错） She sang lovely. （错） He spoke to me very friendly.（对） Her singing was lovely. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly w

4、ay.2、有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly ，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.三、用形容词表示类别和整体 1、某些形容词加上定冠词可泛指一类人，谓语用复数。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor， the blind，the hungry。 The poor are losing hope.2、有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词复数连用。the British，the Engl

5、ish，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor.四、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，顺序：限定词-数词- 描绘词-( 大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -出处-材料性质，类别） a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirta famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car2五、形容词与副词的比较级 大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有

6、比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1) 规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est 来构成比较级和最高级。构成法 原级 比较级 最高级一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est tall(高的) great(巨大的)tallergreatertallestgreatest以不发音的 e 结尾的单音词和少数以- le 结尾的双音节词只加-r,-stnice(好的) ；large(大的)able（有能力的）Nicer；largerablerNicest；largestablest以一个辅音字母结尾

7、的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾辅音字母，再加-er，-estbig(大的)hot (热的)biggerhotterbiggesthottest“以辅音字母 +y“结尾的双音节词，改 y 为 i，再加 -er，-esteasy(容易的)busy(忙的 )easierbusiereasiest busiest少数以-er，-ow 结尾的双音节词未尾加-er， -estclever(聪明的)narrow(窄的)cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more， most 来构成比较级和最高级。important(重要的)easily(容易地 )

8、more importantmore easilyMost importantmost easily2、 不规则变化原级 比较级 最高级good(好的)；well(健康的) better bestbad (坏的)；ill(有病的) worse worstold (老的) older/elder oldest/eldestmuch/many(多的 ) more mostlittle(少的 ) less leastfar (远的) farther/further farthest/furthest形容词变副词方式：1、在形容词词尾直接加-ly ，构成副词。如： usual-usually, bad

9、-badly 等。注 ：不是所有以-ly 结尾的单词都是副词，某些名词后加-ly 可以转化为形容词。如：sisterly, brotherly, friendly, comradely, lovely 等。2、以“ 辅音 字母+ y”结尾的单词，变 y 为 i，再加-ly，如：hea vy-heavily, happy-happily 等 ，并且要注意这些单词的变化：polite-politely, true-truly, terrible-terribly 等。3二、副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，在句子中作状语或表语的一类词。 一、 分类：时间副词（now, today, earl

10、y, sometimes, already 等） ；地点副词（outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home 等） ；方式副词（quickly, loudly, suddenly, fast, luckily 等） ；程度副词（very, quite, rather, too, much, so 等） ；疑问副词（when, where, why, how, how long, how often 等） ；关系副词（when, where, why, how 等） 一、副词的位置：1、 在动词之前。 2、在 be 动词、助动词之后。3、 多个助动词时，

11、副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意：a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。 We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b. 方式副词 well，badly 糟、坏，hard 等只放在句尾。 He speaks English well.二、副词的排列顺序：1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用 and 或 but 等连词连接。Please write slowly and carefully.3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+ 方式+时间副词。注意

12、：副词 very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。改错：(错)I very like English. (对)I like English very much.注意：副词 enough 要放在形容词的后面，形容词 enough 放在名词前后都可。I dont know him well enough. 2、There is enough food for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.as+形容词或副词原级+as 1、在否定句或疑问句中可用 so as。 He cannot run so/as fast as

13、you.2、当 as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。 as +形容词+ a +单数名词； as + many/much +名词This is as good an example as the other is. 2、 I can carry as much paper as you can.3、用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在 as 的前面。4This room is twice as big as that one.2、Your room is the same size as mine.4、倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ then + of This brid

14、ge is three times as long as that one. This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine. Your room is twice the size of mine. 比较级形容词或副词+than You are taller than I. They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.注意： 1）要避免重复使用比较级。(错) He is more cleverer th

15、an his brother. (对) He is more clever than his brother.(对) He is clever than his brother. 2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。(错) China is larger that any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. 2、It is easier t

16、o make a plan than to carry it out.4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。比较：Which is large, Canada or Australia? 2、 Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters. 2、 She is the taller of the two sisters.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 可修饰比较级的词 1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, b

17、y far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3）以上词(除 by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。典型例题:1）- Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now.A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better 答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite 修饰原级，well 的比较级为 better. 2）The experiment was_ easier than we

18、had expected.A.mor e B.much more C.much D.more much答案：C.much 可修饰比较级，因此 B，C 都说得通，但 easier 本身已是比较级，不需 more，因此C 为正确答案。3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.5A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D.a much happier timew.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m many, old 和 far 1

19、) 如果后接名词时， much more +不可数名词many more +可数名词复数2) old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和 elder/eldest。 elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。My elder brother is an engineer. 2、 Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.3) far 有两种比较级，farther ，further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中，father 表示距离，further 表示进一步。I have nothing further to say

20、. 2、 already 和 yet 的区别：already 用于陈述句，一般用于句中，但不能和时间状语放在一起， ；yet 用来谈某事在预料之中，用于疑问句时译为“已经” ，用在否定句中译为“尚未，还没有” ，一般都放于句末。如： the train has already arrived. i have already read the book.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m the+最高级+比较范围 1、The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。形容词 most 前面没

21、有 the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示 “非常“。It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。(错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2、下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almostThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意： a.very 可修

22、饰最高级，但位置与 much 不同。This is the very best. This is much the best.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africa is the second largest continent.3、 句型转换：Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4) “否定词语+比较级“，“否定词语+ so as“结构表示最高级含义。Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothin

23、g is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 6和 more 有关的词组1、 the more the more越 就越 The harder you work，the greater progress youll make.2、more B than A 与其说 A 不如说 B ；less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work.3、 no more than 与

24、一样 ，不比 多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 3-2、no less than与一样 He is no less diligent than you.4、 more than 不只是，非常 She is more than kind to us all.典型例题1）The weather in China is different from_.A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America 兼有两种形式的副词 一、close 与 closely c

25、lose 意思是“ 近“； closely 意思是“ 仔细地“1、He is sitting close to me. 2、Watch him closely.二、late 与 lately late 意思是“晚“ ； lately 意思是“ 最近“1、You have come too late. 2、What have you been doing lately?三、 deep 与 deeply deep 意思是“深“，表示空间深度；deeply 时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地“1、He pushed the stick deep into the mud. 2、 Even father

26、was deeply moved by the film.四、 high 表示空间高度； highly 表示程度，相当于 much1、The plane was flying high. 2、I think highly of your opinion.五、 wide 与 widely wide 表示空间宽度；widely 意思是“广泛地“ ，“在许多地方“1、He opened the door wide. 2、English is widely used in the world.六、 free 与 freely free 的意思是“免费“；freely 的意思是“无限制地“1、You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. 2、You may speak freely; say what you like.