英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结.docx

1、虚拟语气:表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。一、 条件状语从句中的用法从句 谓语形式 主句 谓语形式现在 were/ did would/could/should (+not)+ do过去 had done would/could/should/might (not)+ have done将来 1. were/did2. should do3. were to dowould/could/should/might(not)+ do 简单记法：if were/did, would doif had done, would have doneif we

2、re to do/should do, would do举例：If I were you, I would do nothing about it.If you had taken your teachers advice, you wouldnt have made such a mistake.If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldnt go shopping.附注：虚拟语气，条件状从倒装状语从句中，去掉 if, 提前 were/ had/ should如：If I were you, I would give up.

3、Were I you, I would give upIf you had taken the advice, you would have.Had you taken the advice, you would haveIf the world should come to an end,Should the world come to an end另外，without, but for, otherwise 构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole differe

4、nt life today.(popularization 普及，publicity 宣传)Without your help, I would have failed.Well go earlier, otherwise we wouldnt get a seat. （表示可能性小）但其实，高中英语考试也常考：错综虚拟语气条件句即： 假设条件状从发生的时间与所假设的谓语动词不一致，此时，主句和从句要根据各自的时间而定。举例：If our government had known better how to lay out the road construction, the traffic

5、jam problem would not be so serious today.(lay out 规划、设计、安排、陈设、摆放 layout n.布局、规划)二、特殊句式：1. wish +宾语从句现在 Were did过去 Had done将来 Would/could/might do 去掉 shouldI wish my parents wouldnt punish me.I wish I hadnt made such an irrevocable mistake. (irrevocable 不可撤销、不可以挽回的)2.十个词一坚持：insist （表示坚持主张、认为，不表示坚持说）

6、二命令：order, command三建议：advise, propose, suggest （表示建议 ，不表示表明、显示、暗示）四要求：desire, demand, require, request (两 R 两 D)这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用 (should +) do 的形式 should 可省略例：We suggested that Tom （should）have a rest.Its suggested that the plan be carried out before long.(before long, 不久之后, long before 很久以前)尝试翻译：他坚决要

7、求我到场同时，这些动词的名词形式构成的名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、同位语）也要用虚拟语气order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire.例Its an order that the soldiers obey the rules in the army.My suggestion is that everyone of us three finish one part of this project and then we integrate them together. (integrate 整合)3. would

8、 rather 宁愿 从句当中谓语形式现在 过去时过去 过去完成时将来 过去时I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had been to the movie instead of me.Dont come today, I would rather you came tomorrow.4. 部分 As if/though 句子 好像、似乎Tom told me this fairy tale in a manner as if it had happened for real yesterday.5. If only. 要是就好了

9、从句中谓语动词形式：现在 过去式过去 Had doneIf only she knew that its I who sent the gift to her.6. Its ( about/ high) time that 是时候做+ 1、过去式 2、should doIts time that you went to bed.说到这里，补充两个句式：It is the 1st (2nd /3rd ) time that have/ has done.It was the 1st time that had done.7. Its necessary/ strange/ natural/ im

10、portant/essential that. 从句动词用 (should) doIts essential that we master a foreign language when doing international trade and business. (essential 必要的、本质的、基本的.)8. 情态动词+have donewould have done 本来要做could have done 本能够做（却没做）might have done 本来可能should/ought to have done 本来应该做shouldnt/ oughtnt to have don

11、e 本来不应该做neednt have done 本来不必要做你本来不应该告诉她真相。当时我没有足够的钱，否则我会买那本书的。练习：1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken2. He talked as if he _ for years.A. is living there B. was living there C. has lived there D. had lived there

12、.3. _ you listened to the doctor, you _all right now.A. Had, would be B. Had, would have beenC. If, would be D. If, would have been4. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier.A. will be B. would beC. could have been D. would have been5._ today, he would get there by Friday. (双选)A. Ha

13、d he left B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leaveD. If he leave E. Would he leave6. He treated me as though _ his own son.A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were7. _I be free tomorrow, I could go with youA. Could B. Should C. Might D. Must8. Should it rain, the crops_A. would be saved B. would have b

14、een savedC. will be saved D. had been saved9. Have you ever been to Tokyo?-No. but I wish I _.A. have B. will C. do D. had10 .I wish I _ there then.A. was B. were C. had been D. would be11. She was so upset that she burst into tears.I would rather you _her all about it,A didnt tell B. hadnt toldB. d

15、ont tell D. wont tell12. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _freeA. did; set B. had done; should be setC. should do; be set D. had done; must be set13. He made the demand that the journalists _ at once _IraqA. leave; for B. leave; toC. left; to D. to be left; for14. The guard at the

16、gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.A. obeys B. obey15. Its time that we _ to bed.A. must go B. will go C. went D. have gone16. If only I _ my watch.A. hadnt lost B. havent lost C. didnt D. dont17. If only I _ as young as you are.A. being B. am C. be D. were E. was18. A few minutes earlier and

17、we _ the train. (双选)A. have caught B. had caught C. were to catch D. could have caughtE. would have caught19.Do you know where he comes from?No, but his accent suggests that he _from the south.A. was B. be C. is D. were20. I was quite busy yesterday, otherwise I _ to the meeting.A. came B. would come C. had come D. would have come