英语专业四级语法重点汇总.doc

1、English 英语专八专四学习复习资料英语专四语法重点汇总版权所有，违者必究，未经协议授权,禁止下载使用。注：如恶意泄漏该资料，或通过该资料作为任何盈利的手段，作者有权追究其法律责任。本资料为过来人的考试经验所整理，也需结合其他复习书籍一起备考哦这份资料集结历年专四的考试重点，按考试经验已经过筛选一、 非谓语动词的主要考点1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的，但是在意思上是有区别的，主要常考到的动词罗列如下：mean to do 想要（做某事）VS mean doing 意味（做某事） propose to do 打算（做某事）VS propose doing 建议（做某事

2、）forget to do 忘记（要做的事）VS forget doing 忘记（已做的事） remember to do 记得（要做某事）VS remember doing 记得（做过）go on to do 继而（做另一件事）VS go on doing 继续（做原来的事）stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 VS stop doing 停止正在做的事regret to do（对将要做的事）遗憾 VS regret doing（对已做过的事）后悔2. 不定式的习惯用法典型句型整理如下：如：“cannot help but do”“不得不做某事”如：“cannot but do” “不禁

3、做某事”如：“cannot choose but do” “不由自主地做某事 ”如：“can do nothing but do” “不能不做某事 ”如：“have no choice but to do” “只能做某事 ”如：“have no alternative but to do” “只能做某事”例句：The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor.When I start my job career, I cannot choose bu

4、t look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus.3. 动名词的习惯用法 典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下：如：be busy/active doing sth. 如：Its no good/use doing sth. 如：spend/waste time doing sth.如：have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth. 如：have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth. 如：There is no point/sense/harm/ use doin

5、g sth. 例句：There is no use crying over spilt milk.（典型例句）牛奶洒了，哭也没用；后悔是没有用的；覆水难受I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.二、 形容词与副词及其比较级1. 形容词的句法功能 形容词通常在句子中用做定语、表语与主语的语法成分，通常考到的知识点总结如下：(1) 以 “a” 开头的形容词如“alone” 、 “alike”、 “asleep”、 “awake”等一般不能做前

6、置定语，通常是做表语或后置定语的例句：Jerry didnt pass the important final exam, please let him alone for the time being.Michael came back from job just now, and his eyes were shut and he seemed to have fallen asleep.(2) 某些以副词词缀 “-ly” 结尾的词其实是形容词，不能看错是副词，例如“friendly” 、 “leisurely”、 “lovely”等(3) 下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词，注意用做系动词时

7、，要求形容词做表语这些典型单词罗列如下：“remain”、 “keep”、 “become”、 “get”、 “grow”、 “go”、“come”、 “turn”、 “stay”、 “stand”、 “run”、 “prove”、 “seem”、“appear”、 “look”等例句：The situation remains tense between the two countries at this juncture. 在这个节骨眼上，两国形势仍然持续紧张。There is strong possibility that such a style of mutual cooperati

8、on will prove unworkable. 这种合作模式大有可能行不通。2. 某些词虽然不用比较级形式却自身带有比较概念这些典型词汇总结如下：“inferior”、 “minor”、 “senior”、 “prior”、 “prefer to”、“superior”、 “major”、 “junior”、 “preferable”、 “differ from”、“compared with”、 “in comparison with”、 “different from”、“rather than”等例句：After visiting at weekends, I think their

9、 villa is superior to all the other villas in the countryside.3. 有关比较级的特殊句型(1) not so muchas 与其说还不如说 例句：The major reason for his suicide isnt so much his negative emotions as his incapacity to take care of himself.(2) no/not any morethan 两者一样都不 例句：It is well acknowledged by the public that the heart

10、 is no any more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain altogether. (3) no /not any lessthan 两者一样都例句：I was good at almost all subjects when I was in the junior high school, and particularly speaking, mathematics was no any less good than physics at that time.(4) just

11、asso 正如，也（会使用到倒装结构）例如：Just as chocolate is a part of my favorite food, so is the ice cream.三、 虚拟语气简明概述：虚拟语气是指说话人讲话的内容与现实或事实相反，是一种主观假想的情况。时态：可表示过去、现在和将来，特征是时态相应退后。1. 与现在事实相反的主观假设：条件从句 主句一般现在时 改为 一般过去时 注：be 动词一律改为 wereshould/would/could/might + 动词原形例句：If there were an English dictionary, we could cons

12、ult it for this difficult word.If my bigger brother were here, he would do us a favor to move the heavy box.2. 与过去事实相反的主观假设：条件从句 主句一般过去时 改为 过去完成时 should/would/could/might + have + 过去分词例句：If he had studied more diligently, he would have passed the exam undoubtedly. If my favorite teacher had been her

13、e yesterday, I would have paid more attention to the lesson.If the child had been more careful, he would not have made such a foolish mistake. 3. 与将来事实相反的主观假设：条件从句 主句一般过去时注：be 动词一律改为 were should/would/could/might + 动词原形 were + to do sth should + 动词原形例句：If you made great progress in the near future,

14、you should not forget your teachers.If you were to make great progress in the near future, you should not forget your teachers.If you should make great progress in the near future, you should be grateful to your teachers.混合条件句：主句和条件从句所发生的时间点不一致，这个时候就需要根据各自的时态进行倒退来做相应修改。例句：If you had finished your ho

15、mework by yourself yesterday（过去）, you would not copy others answers in a hurry（现在）.If you had asked your mother how to cook last week（过去）, you would know clearly each cooking step of the dish（现在）.虚拟语气的倒装如果从句中有 were，should，had，则需要倒装。倒装方法：将 if 省略，再把 were，should，had 挪到从句的句首。 注：如果从句中没有 were，should，had，则

16、不能省略 if，也不可倒装。例句：原句：If my bigger brother were here, he would help us to move the heavy box.倒装：Were my bigger brother here, he would help us to move the heavy box.原句：If the child had been more careful, he would not have made such a foolish mistake.倒装：Had the child been more careful, he would not have

17、 made such a foolish mistake.原句：If you should make great progress in the near future, you should be grateful to your teachers.倒装：Should you make great progress in the near future, you should be grateful to your teachers.虚拟语气词：should很简单，三种形式（1） It is suggested/requested/ordered, etc.（具有命令，建议，要求等口吻的动词

18、过去分词） + that sb should （should 可省略） do （动词原形） sth.注：这类动词还可以有其他三种从句形式来代替。例如：原句：It is suggested that students (should) use dictionary in exam.宾语从句：I suggest that students (should) use dictionary in exam.表语从句：My suggestion is that students (should) use dictionary in exam.同位语从句：I provided a suggestion t

19、hat students (should) use dictionary in exam.（2） It is necessary/important/indispensable, etc. （带有主观色彩的形容词）+ that sb (should) do sth. （3） It is a pity/a shame, etc. （名词性词组）+ that sb (should) do sth.虚拟语气特殊句型：It is high （high 可省略） time that 该是的时候了“that ”从句动词可以用（1） 过去时（2） should（不能省略）+ 动词原形例句：It is (hi

20、gh) time that we should draw up a contract. It is (high) time that we drew up a contract.（草拟合同）含蓄虚拟语气除了常规的连词 if 以外，还可以借助其他介词、介词词组、句子来引导虚拟语气从句。1. Without “要是没有 ”例句：Without the rescue of firefighters timely, our lives would not have been saved.2. But for “要不是”例句：But for your professional help, I could not have achieved such a big progress in medical community.3. Under “在某种情况下 ”例句：Under such circumstances, the criminal would not have perpetrated acts of violence upon children.