高中英语完形填空解题技巧.doc

1、1高中英语专题讲解 -完形填空解题技巧1、通览全文，了解大意 由于完型填空试题主要测试同学们在语篇层面上综合运用语言的能力，在解答试题的之前应快速阅读全文，抓住文章的主题，搞清作者的思路及上下文的逻辑关系。一般说来，通读的关键是弄清第一句(往往点明主题，且是没留空白的完整句)和最后一句(往往总结、概括全文)。另外，在浏览时全文的时候，要重点了解文中所叙述的人物、时间、地点、事件，即 who，when，where，what。例如有篇文章的第一句话为：Why is a space left between the rails of a railway line where one piece jo

2、ins the next？这句话从铁轨之间的缝隙引出了问题。根据常识，就会很快的知道文中的内容应与热胀冷缩的物理现象有关。2、快速反应，初做答案 找到文章的突破口之后，就要趁着思路清晰时，快速做出反应，一鼓作气将文中所有能填的空填起来，不因某试题暂时给不了答案的题停留太久。做题以了解文章的大意为前提，如遇个别难题，可以暂时跳过去或初拟一个答案；如果停滞不前，不但会打断思路、造成时间上和心理上的紧张，而且往往无济于事。 在填每个空格时，注意分析选项所在的上下文，弄清上下文间的逻辑关系，注意空格前后的词，看是否能与某一选项构成固定搭配。从各个角度考虑，初步做出每个小题的答案。 3、再次查读，攻克难

3、关 初选过后，可能还会留下一些空档，此时，再重读文章，从语义和逻辑的角度审视全文，看其是否通顺流畅、条理清晰、符合逻辑。与此同时，将未填的空档全部补齐。由于选答案时讲求一气呵成，初选过后还应根据上下文对有疑问或把握不准的答案进行推敲。在具体的操作中应注意以下的问题：1）看清上下文，找准定位词充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如：1. Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very _A. deep B. high C. cold D. da

4、ngerous2. Mrs. ONeill asked_ questions and she didnt scold us either.A. no B. certain C. many D. more2）通顺逻辑，寻求搭配注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如：Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself_ so much money.A. for B. by C. to D. of3）扎实基础，搞清辨异在此类试题的命制上，往往是以同类的词

5、为主，我们不需要去进行具体的辨析，但是我们也要根据文章的意思来进行推断。如：Soon I heard a_ like that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet.A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shoutWhen the papers were _ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly A. examined B. completed C. marked D. answered 4）看清执行者，确定所选词And video cameras can be us

6、ed topeoples actions at home.A. keep B. make C. record D. watch5）寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系It has been many years since I was last in London_ still remember something that happened during that visit.A. and B. for C. but D. as6）了解生活常识，确定相关知识2(Immediately ) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehosp

7、ital.A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest完型填空解题技巧：巧用线索法所谓线索法，指的是根据文章上下文所提供的故事背景和语境线索进行推理和判断，从而确定最佳答案。具体说来有以下几种行之有效的方法。1.巧用语意转折线索解题有些句子含有表示转折或对比的连词、副词或副词短语，如 but， though， although， instead， however， on the contrary， otherwise 等，我们可利用这些暗示来解决问题。有时也可能没有这些词语的出现。如：A formal letter is very different fro

8、m an informal letter. Formal letters _1_ to businesses， schools or government offices. _2_ letters are for relatives， or former（以前的） teachers. You may write an informal letter by hand， but you should _3_ a formal letter.1. A. send B. are written C. write D. are dropped2. A. Informal B. Formal C. Bus

9、iness D. Relative3. A. copy B. type C. write D. share2.巧用因果关系线索解题即根据上下文的因果关系进行推断，从而得出所需答案。如：It was a strange noise that made the man _1_ his car soon after he left a village _2_ London. He got out of his car and _3_ the wheels（车轮） carefully， but as he found nothing _4_ he continued his way.1. A. sta

10、rt B. stop C. slow D. speed2. A. to B. for C. from D. of3. A. repaired B. examined C. cleaned D. looked4. A. wrong B. danger C. interesting D. matter3.巧用具体示例线索解题即根据文章中所提供的具体实例进行分析，将与具体示例有关的信息进行优选，将与具体示例无关的信息进行排除，从而便可得出所需答案。如：Every student must wear their _1_ when they are at school. There are _2_ it

11、ems of uniforms： suits， dresses， shorts， skirts and T-shirts. There are also Wasley schoolbags， caps and socks.1. A. long hair B. thick glasses C. sports shoes D. school uniforms2. A. much B. three C. many D. a lot4.巧用同义反义线索解题Though he is serious in appearance， he never fails to be interesting. Ofte

12、n he is clever， sometimes even _ and gayA. worried B. bright C. discouraging D. friendlyAs it turned out， my little publication went on to become Student， a national magazine for young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children， and Id like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Da

13、d _ me.A. controlled B. comforted C. reminded D. raised即根据文章所提供的内容，同时结合一定的生活常识，对所推断的内容进行逻辑推理和逻辑顺序。如：I went to Wasley College with Winnic today. Wasley is a large， old _1_. It has three branch campuses（分校）： Clunes， Glen Waverly and Elasterwick. It has a primary school， a _2_ school and a senior schoo

14、l. So there are twelve grades of _3_ studying there.1. A. school B. factory C. movie D. hospital2. A. night B. junior C. high D. spare-time3. A. workers B. boys C. students D. teachers6. 巧用语篇标志线索解题3语篇一般指比单个句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语可称为语篇标志。如：表示结果层次的语篇标志语有 firstly， secondly， thirdl

15、y， finally 等；表示逻辑关系的有 thus， therefore， so 等；表示改变话题的有 by the way 等；表示时间关系的有 before， so far， yet， now， later 等。在做完形填空题时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。如：First of all， I respected his devotion to teaching_， I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talkFinally， I

16、was attracted by his lively sense of humor. （全国卷）A. Later B. Secondly C. However D. Therefore7. 巧用结构对比线索解题在做完形填空题时，有时会遇到两个结构十分相似的句子，此时同学们应认真比较其结构特点，或根据其相似性推断空格处所填之词，或根据文章的上下文语境判断两个（或几个）相似结构之间的逻辑关系。如：I realized strength and courage arent always measured in medals and victories， but in the struggles w

17、e overcome（战胜）。 The strongest people are not always the people who win， _ the people who dont give up when they lose.A. or B. nor C. and D. butThe correct water supply forecast is based more on the water from the _ than from the below. （辽宁卷）A. clouds B. sky C. air D. above8. 巧用语境暗示线索解题有的空格根据所在句的句意或附

18、近上下文的语境我们无法作出正确的选择，要想作出正确判断，同学们应特别注意空格前后所出现的相关词语，尤其注意找出其中重复出现的暗示性词语。如：Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the _ have made up their minds to ring the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest （抗议） against heavy trucks which run day and night through the n

19、arrow High Street. （全国卷）A. college B. village C. town D. churchBut then again， would there be a chair in Room 316？ Or would it be a（n） _ room？A. small B. empty C. new D. neat精讲精练一When Sir Winston Churchill, the great British Prime Minister, reached his eightieth birthday in November, 1954, he was pr

20、esented with his portrait by a well-known modem artist, Graham SutherlanDThe painting had been ordered and paid for to 1 the Grand Old Man of World War.Sir Winston and Lady Churchill were deeply moved by this 2 of respect and affection. 3 of them, of course, allowed the others to see how much they b

21、oth disliked the portrait. “It makes me look 4 , which I am not!” protested Churchill in private(私下). 5 , he only remarked that it was fine example of modern art. His friends smileDIt was known that Churchills didnt 6 modern art.Churchill was so unhappy about the portrait that finally his wife had i

22、t 7 . Churchill died at ninety in 1965Land Churchill 8 him in 1977Shortly after her death, the public learned what had happened to the 9 , and a heated argument broke out. The painter was 10 saDThe artist community, shocked and 11 , said that the destruction of the picture had been a crime (罪行). His

23、torians said that they regretted the disappearance of a(n) 12 document. All agreed that Churchills didnt have the 13 to do what they had done.Graham Sutherland had told Churchill that he would 14 him “as he saw him”. Churchill never had a chance to see the work in 15 since the painter 16 to show it

24、to him. He found out only 17 he received his present that Sutherland had seen him 18 a heavy, sick, tired old man. Since he hated old age, he was naturally 19 .4Who has the right to a work of art, the owner, the donor, or the artist who created it? Was the portrait a good one, as many(including the

25、painter) said? Or was it bad as others thought? None of these questions have been answered yet to everybodys 20 .1 Agive Bregard Cpaint Dhonour2 Amark Bpiece Cprize Dtrade3 ANeither BBoth CEither DAll4 Awise Bgentle Cstupid Dhappy5 AFortunately BObviously CStraight DPublicly6 Acare for Blook like Ct

26、urn down Dmake up7 Ahidden Bhung Cdestroyed Dreturned8 Amourned Bmissed Cfollowed Dburied9 Apainting Bman Cwoman Dartist10Aunderstandably B unexpectedly Cunreasonably Dunthinkingly11Aafraid Bregretful Ccurious Dangry12Ainteresting Bcolorful Cexpensive Dhistorical13Achance Bright Cpower Dcourage14Ahe

27、lp Bobey Cpaint Dshow15Aprogress Bplace Cneed Dsight16Aagreed Bpromised Crefused Dhated17Auntil Bwhen Cbefore Dthough18Aas Bto Cabout Dfor19Amoved Bworried Ctired Dhurt20Asurprise Bdisappointment Cdelight Dsatisfaction精讲精练二It was already late when we set out for the next town, 1 according to the map

28、 was about fifteen miles away on the other side of the 2 .There we felt 3 that we would find a bed 4 the night. Darkness fell soon after we left the village, but luckily we met 5 as we drove fast along the narrow winding road that 6 the hills. As we climbed 7 , it became colder and rain began to fal

29、l, 8 it difficult at times to see the roaDI asked John, my companion, to drive more 9 .After we had traveled for about twenty miles, there was still no sign of the town which was 10 on the map. We were beginning to get 11 . Then without warning the car stoppeDA quick 12 showed that we had run out of

30、 petrol（汽油）. Although we had little food with us, we decided to 13 the night in the car.Our meal was soon over. I tried to go to sleep at once, 14 John, who was a 15 sleeper, got out of the car after a few minutes and went for a walk 16 the hills. Soon he came back. From the top of the hill he had s

31、een, in the valley below, the 17 of the town we were looking for. We at once unloaded（卸）all our luggage（行李）and with a great effort（努力）, 18 to push the car to the top of the hill. Then we went back to the luggage, loaded the car again and set off down the hill. 19 less than a quarter of an hour we we

32、re in the town, where we found a 20 quite easily.1 Awhich Bit Cwhere Dthat2 Arivers Bhills Ctowns Dvillages3 Asurprised B afraid Cpleased Dsure4 Aat Bin Cthrough Dfor5 Aeverybody Bsomebody Cnobody Danybody6 Agot to Barrived Cled to Dbelonged to7 Ataller Bhigher Clower Dfaster8 Agetting Bthinking Cca

33、using Dmaking9 Acertainly Bcarefully Cslowly Dsurely510Amarked Bset Cbuilt Ddrawn11Aexcited B worried Ccold Dwarm12Aattention B operation Cexamination Dinformation13Aspend B live Cspare Dstay14Asince Bthough Cso Dbut15Aquick Bfast Cpoor Dheavy16Aacross B through Cdown Dup17Alights B map Cbus Dsituat

34、ion18Aought B tried Csucceeded Dmanaged19AFor BIn CSince DAt20 Apoliceman Bfriend Chotel Dcinema精讲精练三People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution, from the last time they had a 1 problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times

35、 they begin to act without 2 , they try to find a solution by trial or error. 3 , when all of these methods 4 , the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six 5 in analyzing a problem.6 the person must recognize that these is a problem. For example, Sams bicycle is broken, and he ca

36、nnot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must 7 that there is a problem with the bicycle.Next, the person must find the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must 8 the parts that are wrong.Now the person must look for 9 that will make th

37、e problem clearer and lead to 10 solutions. For example, suppose Sam decides that his bicycle does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes. 11 , he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes, talk to his friends at the bike shop, or look at his brakes carefully.After

38、 12 the problem, the person should have 13 suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an example 14 , his suggestions might be: tighten or loosen the brakes; buy new brakes and change old ones.In the end, one 15 seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the 16 idea comes quite 17 beca

39、use the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a different way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum (口香糖) stuck to a brake. He 18 hits on the solution to his problem: he must 19 the brake.Finally the solution is 20 . Sam does it and finds his bicycle wor

40、ks perfectly. In short he has solved the problem.1 Aserious Busual Csimilar Dcommon2 ABesides BInstead COtherwise DHowever4 Afail Bwork Cchange Ddevelop5 Aways Bconditions Cstages Dorders6 AFirst BUsually CIn general DMost importantly7 Aexplain Bprove Cshow Dsee8 Acheckable Bdetermine Ccorrect Dreco

41、ver9 Aanswers Bskills Cexplanation Dinformation10Apossible Bexact Creal Dspecial11AIn other words BOnce in a while CFirst of all DAt this time12Adiscussing Bsettling down Ccomparing with Dstudying13Aextra Benough Cseveral Dcountless14Asecondly Bagain Calso Dalone15Asuggestion Bconclusion Cdecision Ddiscovery16Anext Bclear Cfinal Dnew17Aunexpectedly Blate Cclearly Doften618Afortunately Beasily Cclearly Dimmediately19Aclean Bseparate Cloosen Dremove20Arecorded Bcompleted Ctested Daccepted精讲精练四The Voice of A