毕业论文：On Differences Between English and Chinese Word Order and Word Order Changin Strategies in Translation.docx

1、1ONDIFFERENCESBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESEWORDORDERANDWORDORDERCHANGINSTRATEGIESINTRANSLATIONACKNOWLEDGMENTSIWISHTOEXPRESSMYSINCEREGRATITUDETOXXX,MYSUPERVISOR,WHOMETICULOUSLYREADANDPOLISHEDTHEEARLYDRAFTOFMYTHESIS,ANDGENEROUSLYGAVEMECONSTANTANDVALUABLECRITICISMANDENCOURAGEMENTHEREFFECTIVEADVICE,SHREWDCOM

2、MENTSANDQUICKCORRECTIONSHAVEKEPTTHETHESISINTHERIGHTDIRECTIONMYSINCEREGRATITUDEALSOGOESTOALLMYTEACHERSWHOHAVEGIVENMEEXCELLENTLECTURESANDGREATHELP,WHICHAREINDISPENSABLETOTHECOMPLETIONOFTHISTHESISIALSOGIVEMYHEARTYTHANKSTOALLMYCLASSMATESWHOHAVEOFFEREDGENEROUSHELPANDUSEFULSUGGESTIONSINTHEPROCESSOFWRITING

3、THISTHESISLASTBUTNOTLEAST,IWOULDLIKETOEXPRESSMYAPPRECIATIONTOALLTHEWRITERSWHOSEWORKSHAVEBEENREFERREDTOINTHISTHESIS2摘要语言是一个多层次结构，从词素、词、词组、到句子都有其独特的排列组合方式，即语序。英汉两个民族思维方式的差异，造成了英汉两种语言的语序也有所不同。本文希望在既有研究成果的基础上，侧重于分析思维方式这一语序差异产生的根源，从英汉语的主谓结构、修饰成分、时间顺序、逻辑顺序四方面入手对比英汉语序差异，从而得到翻译中可使用的语序调整策略，以尽可能等效表达原文意图,实现更为准

4、确的英汉互译目标。关键词英汉语序；思维方式；翻译；语序调整3ABSTRACTLANGUAGEISAMULTILAYEREDSTRUCTURETHEPARTICULARPERMUTATIONANDCOMBINATIONPATTERNOFMORPHEME,VOCABULARY,WORDGROUPANDSENTENCEISDEFINEDASWORDORDERDIFFERENTTHINKINGMODESBETWEENCHINESEANDENGLISHNATIONSLEADTOSOMEDIFFERENCESINWORDORDERBETWEENTHETWOLANGUAGESONTHEBASISOFFORM

5、ERRESEARCHES,THISPAPERFOCUSESONTHINKINGPATTERN,WHICHISTHEROOTOFDIFFERENTWORDORDERS,ANDCONTRASTSCHINESEWORDORDERWITHENGLISHWORDORDERFROMFOURASPECTSOFSUBJECTANDPREDICATESTRUCTURE,MODIFIERS,TIMEORDERANDLOGICALORDERTOSUMMARIZEPRACTICALWORDORDERCHANGINGSTRATEGIESINTRANSLATION,ANDTHUSTOREALIZETHEAIMOFPRES

6、ENTINGTHEMEANINGANDCONNOTATIONOFORIGINALVERSIONSASPRECISELYASPOSSIBLEINTHETRANSLATIONPROCESSKEYWORDSENGLISHANDCHINESEWORDORDER,THINKINGMODES,TRANSLATION,WORDORDERCHANGING4CONTENTS0INTRODUCTION11WORDORDER12THEDIFFERENCESBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESEWORDORDER221THEROOTOFDIFFERENTWORDORDER222THEFEACTURESOFE

7、NGLISHANDCHINESEWORDORDER33THECOMPARISONOFWORDORDERANDTHESTRATEGIESINTRANSLATION431SUBJECTANDPREDICATESTRUCTURE5311SUBJECTSINENGLISHANDTHEMESINCHINESE5312INVERTEDSENTENCES6313THEFORMALSUBJECT732MODIFIERS8321ATTRIBUTES8322ADVERBIALS1033TIMEORDER1134LOGICALORDER114CONCLUSION12WORKSCITED1410INTRODUCTIO

8、NWHENEVERWEGIVEAFORMALSPEECH,WRITEANESSAYORDOTRANSLATION,WEHAVETOCONSIDERWORDORDERTOEMPHASIZETHEMOSTUSEFULINFORMATIONWEWANTTODELIVERWORDORDER,WHICHTAKESANIMPORTANTPARTINBOTHLINGUISTICSANDTRANSLATIONSTUDYFIELDSREFERSTOTHEPERMUTATIONANDCOMBINATIONPATTERNOFVARIOUSLINGUISTICUNITSINTHEPASTDECADES,THEREHA

9、VEBEENMANYSTUDIESONTHEFACTORSLEADINGTODIFFERENTWORDORDER,THEEXACTDIFFERENCESBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESEWORDORDER,ANDTRANSLATIONSTRATEGIESTOCHANGEWORDORDERONTHEBASISOFFORMERRESEARCHES,THISTHESISFOCUSESONTHINKINGPATTERN,THEROOTOFDIFFERENTWORDORDER,ANDCONTRASTSCHINESEWORDORDERWITHENGLISHWORDORDERFROMFOURA

10、SPECTSTHEAUTHORGIVESSOMETRANSLATIONSTRATEGIESASWELLTHEBODYOFTHISTHESISCONSISTSOFFOURPARTSINTHEFIRSTPART,THEAUTHORGIVESTHEDEFINITIONANDFUNCTIONSOFWORDORDERTHESECONDPARTDEALSWITHTHINKINGPATTERN,THEFACTORCAUSINGDIFFERENTWORDORDER,ANDAGENERALINTRODUCTIONTOTHEFEATURESOFENGLISHANDCHINESEWORDORDERTHETHIRDP

11、ARTFOCUSESONTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESEWORDORDERFROMFOURASPECTS,NAMELYSUBJECTANDPREDICATESTRUCTURE,MODIFIERS,TIMEORDERANDLOGICALORDERATTHESAMETIME,THEAUTHORALSOGIVESSOMETRANSLATIONSTRATEGIESTHATCANBEUSEDTOCHANGEWORDORDERFROMTHEFOURASPECTSABOVEFINALLY,ACONCLUSIONWILLBEMADEINTHELASTPARTOFTH

12、ETHESISTHROUGHANALYZINGTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDENGLISHWORDORDER,WEWILLACHIEVETHEGOALOFTRANSLATINGONELANGUAGEINTOANOTHERWITHOUTMISSINGBASICINFORMATIONORDISTORTINGTHECONNOTATIONOFTHEORIGINALTEXT1WORDORDERINTHISPARTOFTHETHESIS,THEAUTHORFIRSTLYGIVESTHEDEFINITIONOFWORDORDER,ANDTHENINTRODUCESTHREEF

13、UNCTIONSOFWORDORDER“WORDORDERINESSENCEISTHESYNTAGMATICORDERINGOFELEMENTSACCORDINGTOTHEGRAMMATICALRELATIONS”LIU141THISORDERINGISALWAYSFIXEDANDCANNOTBE2CHANGEDARBITRARILYWORDORDERNOTONLYISOFGRAMMATICALFUNCTION,BUTALSOCONVEYSMEANINGANDINFORMATIONITSHOWSTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENWORDGROUPS,ANDREFLECTSTHELOC

14、UTIONARYMEANINGOFTEXTONTHESYNTACTICLEVELTHEREFORE,COMPARINGORDERWORDISOFVITALIMPORTANCEINCEANDECTRANSLATIONPROCESSWORDORDER,WHICHGIVESVARIOUSLINGUISTICUNITSFIXEDORDERSINASENTENCE,CONVEYSCONNOTATIVEMEANINGANDUSEFULINFORMATIONASPEAKERORANAUTHORWANTSTOEXPRESSGENERALLYSPEAKING,ALLLINGUISTICUNITS,BASICCO

15、MPONENTSOFSENTENCES,HAVETOFOLLOWCERTAINPRINCIPLESTOFULFILLTHEIRFUNCTIONSTHEFIRSTFUNCTIONOFWORDORDERISTOPRESENTGRAMMATICALRELATIONSHIPSOFTHELINGUISTICUNITSINASENTENCEBYDECIDINGTHEIRPLACESTHESECONDFUNCTIONOFWORDORDERISTOEMPHASIZETHEMOSTIMPORTANTPARTOFASENTENCEWHICHISOFINDICATIVEMEANINGORCONTAINSMOREUS

16、EFULINFORMATIONSUCHEMPHASISCANBEREALIZEDBYCHANGINGTHEWORDORDER,THATISTOPUTWORDSINUNUSUALPOSITIONS,WHICHAREDIFFERENTFROMNORMALPOSITIONSINASENTENCETHETHIRDFUNCTIONOFWORDORDERISTOEXPRESSCONTINUITYOFTHOUGHTINSENTENCESTHISCONTINUITYISOFTENSUPPORTEDBYPRONOUNSANDADVERBS2THEDIFFERENCESBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINE

17、SEWORDORDERINTHISPARTOFTHETHESIS,THEAUTHORPOINTSOUTTHATTHINKINGPATTERNISTHEROOTOFDIFFERENTWORDORDER,ANDANALYZESHOWDIFFERENTTHINKINGPATTERNSINFLUENCECHINESEANDENGLISHWORDORDERTHEFOLLOWINGALSOGIVESAGENERALINTRODUCTIONTOTHEFEATURESOFCHINESEANDENGLISHWORDORDER21THEROOTOFDIFFERENTWORDORDERFROMTHEPERSPECT

18、IVEOFCULTURALLINGUISTICS,LANGUAGESTRUCTUREEFFECTIVELYREFLECTSTHETHINKINGPATTERNS,MORALVALUES,SOCIALCUSTOMANDHISTORYOFITSNATIONLI39TOPUTITANOTHERWAY,LANGUAGEISAREFLECTIONOFPEOPLESOUTLOOKTOWARDSTHEWORLDLANGUAGEISCLOSELYRELATEDTOONESTHINKINGPATTERNLANGUAGEISAREFLECTION3OFTHINKINGPATTERN,WHILETHINKINGPA

19、TTERNISTHESOULOFLANGUAGEGROWINGUPINDIFFERENTENVIRONMENTSANDBACKGROUNDS,DIFFERENTETHNICSANDNATIONSFOSTERDISTINCTTHINKINGMODES,SOPEOPLETENDTOEMPHASIZETHEMOSTUSEFULORIMPORTANTINFORMATIONACCORDINGTOTHEIROWNLANGUAGEHABITSANDTHINKINGPATTERNS,WHICHLEADSTODIFFERENTWORDORDERSTHETHINKINGPATTERNOFCHINESEPEOPLE

20、ISLIKEACIRCLECHINESEPEOPLERELYONHOLISTICTHINKINGPATTERN,WHICHISTOCOMBINETHENATUREOFDIFFERENTTHINGSTOGETHERASAWHOLEBUTOVERLOOKTHEPARTICULARITYOFTHINGSTHEYTENDTOEXPRESSTHEIRMEANINGINANIMPLICITANDINDIRECTWAYASFORTHEWORDORDER,CHINESEPEOPLEFOCUSONFACTSORBACKGROUNDINFORMATIONINTHEFIRSTPLACE,ANDTHENGIVETHE

21、IROPINIONSTHATISTOSAY,THEMOSTIMPORTANTINFORMATIONISPLACEDATTHEENDOFASENTENCEONTHECONTRARY,THETHINKINGPATTERNOFENGLISHPEOPLEISLIKEALINETHEYDEPENDONANALYTICALTHINKINGPATTERN,WHICHISTOANALYZEANDSUMMARIZETHEDOMINATINGANDTHEMOSTTYPICALNATUREOFTHINGSTHEYGETACCUSTOMEDTOEXPRESSTHEIRMEANINGINANEXPLICITANDDIR

22、ECTWAYENGLISHPEOPLEUSUALLYGIVETHEIRATTITUDESORTHEMOSTIMPORTANTINFORMATIONATFIRST,ANDTHENADDSOMEFACTSORBACKGROUNDINFORMATIONTOSUPPORTTHEMSELVESTHEREFORE,DIFFERENTTHINKINGPATTERNSBETWEENTHETWONATIONSLEADTOTHEDISTINCTIVEFEATURESOFCHINESEANDENGLISHWORDORDER22THEFEATURESOFENGLISHANDCHINESEWORDORDERINFLUE

23、NCEDBYTHINKINGPATTERNS,CHINESEANDENGLISHWORDORDERSAREDIFFERENTFROMEACHOTHERINVARIOUSWAYSCHINESELANGUAGELACKSMORPHOLOGICALCHANGES,SOWORDORDERISOFVITALIMPORTANCEINTHESEMANTICANDRHETORICAPPLICATIONSONTHECONTRARY,ENGLISHISANINFLECTIONALLANGUAGE,BUTITSINFLECTIONALCHANGESHAVEBEENGREATLYREDUCEDCOMPARINGWIT

24、HITSANCIENTPREDECESSORORWITHTYPICALINFLECTIONALLANGUAGESOFLATINBAI74CHINESESENTENCESFEATUREANOPENBEGINNINGANDACLOSEDENDING,WHICHALLOWSTHEBEGINNINGOFASENTENCETOREALIZEREVERSEDLINEAREXPANSIONENGLISHSENTENCESFEATUREACLOSEDBEGINNINGANDANOPENENDING,WHICHALLOWSTHEENDINGOFASENTENCETOREALIZENATURALLINEAREXP

25、ANSIONYZHANG17THATISTOSAY,ATTRIBUTIVEMODIFIERSHASTOBEPUTINFRONTOFACOREWORDINACHINESESENTENCE,WHILEATTRIBUTIVEMODIFIERSCANBEPLACEDEITHERINFRONTOFORBEHINDOFACOREWORDINANENGLISHSENTENCEBESIDES,INTERMSOFTIMEORDER,CHINESELANGUAGEDESCRIBESEVENTSORACTIONSINCHRONOLOGICALORDER,WHILEENGLISHLANGUAGEISNOTRESTRI

26、CTEDBYLOGICALSEQUENCEORCHRONOLOGICALORDERASFORLOGICALORDER,ITISNOTALWAYSEASYTOMAKEOUTTHELOGICALRELATIONSHIPOFLINGUISTICUNITSINCHINESESENTENCES,BECAUSECHINESELANGUAGERELYINGONPARATAXISTOORGANIZESENTENCESTRUCTUREPAYSMOREATTENTIONTOTHEIMPLICITMEANINGBUTLESSTOTHEGRAMMATICALFORMSONTHECONTRARY,ITISEASYTOM

27、AKEOUTTHESTRUCTUREANDSYNTACTICFUNCTIONOFENGLISHSENTENCES,BECAUSEENGLISHLANGUAGERELIESONCONJUNCTIONSTOEMPHASIZETHELOGICALORDEROFSENTENCESTOCROWNITALL,CHINESEANDENGLISHWORDORDERSHAVETHEIROWNFEATURESTHETRANSLATORSSHOULDBEAWAREOFANDPAYATTENTIONTOTHEDIFFERENCESOFWORDORDERINTHETRANSLATIONPROCESS3THECOMPAR

28、ISONOFWORDORDERANDTHESTRATEGIESINTRANSLATIONAFTERABRIEFINTRODUCTIONTOWORDORDERANDASIMPLEANALYSISOFINFLUENCESOFTHINKINGPATTERNONWORDORDER,THEFOLLOWINGPARTOFTHISTHESISWILLCOMPAREENGLISHANDCHINESEWORDORDERFROMFOURASPECTSSUBJECTANDPREDICATESTRUCTURE,MODIFIERS,TIMEORDERANDLOGICALORDER,ANDGIVESOMEWORDORDE

29、RCHANGINGSTRATEGIESTHATCANBEUSEDINTRANSLATIONFROMTHEFOURASPECTSABOVE531SUBJECTANDPREDICATESTRUCTURE311SUBJECTSINENGLISHANDTHEMESINCHINESEACOMPLETESENTENCEMUSTCONSISTOFATLEASTASUBJECTANDAPREDICATEHALLIDAYPOINTEDOUTTHATCOMPONENTSOFENGLISHSENTENCESCANBEDIVIDEDINTONOTONLYSUBJECTANDPREDICATEACCORDINGTOGR

30、AMMATICALFUNCTION,BUTALSOTHEMEANDRHYMEACCORDINGTOCOMMUNICATIVEFUNCTION“THEMEISTHEELEMENTWHICHSERVESASTHEPOINTOFDEPARTUREOFTHEMESSAGE”HALLIDAY64,WHILERHYMEISTHEDEVELOPMENTANDDESCRIPTIONOFTHETHEMEINENGLISH,THETHEMEISOFTENTHEGRAMMATICALSUBJECTOFASENTENCEHOWEVER,INMOSTCHINESESENTENCES,GRAMMATICALSUBJECT

31、SARENOTTHEMESOFSENTENCES,SOITISMOREAPPROPRIATEANDCONVENIENTTOREGARDCHINESESUBJECTSANDPREDICATESASTHEMESANDRHYMESWHENANALYZINGCHINESESENTENCESZHAO45THETHEMEDOMINATINGTHEWHOLESENTENCEISALWAYSPLACEDATTHEBEGINNINGOFSENTENCESINFLUENCEDBYTHINKINGPATTERN,ENGLISHEMPHASIZINGONSUBJECTSTENDSTOFOLLOWTHEBASICSVO

32、SUBJECTVERBORPREDICATIVEOBJECTSENTENCESTRUCTURETODESCRIBEACTIONSOFTHESUBJECTSEXCEPTELLIPTICALSENTENCES,ALLENGLISHSENTENCESREQUIRESUBJECTSTOAVOIDSTRUCTURALDISORDERONTHECONTRARY,CHINESEFOCUSINGONTOPICSANDINFORMATIONTENDSTOUSETHETHEMEANDRHYMESTRUCTUREINACHINESESENTENCE,THETHEMEWHICHDOMINATESTHEWHOLESEN

33、TENCEISPLACEDATTHEBEGINNINGOFTHESENTENCEANDFOLLOWEDBYCOMMENTSOREXPLANATIONSSUBJECTSOFCHINESESENTENCESCANOFTENBEOMITTEDASWECANSEE,DIFFERENTENGLISHANDCHINESESENTENCESTRUCTURESRESULTINDIFFERENTWORDORDERSINSOMECASES,BECAUSEOFTHEDIFFERENTSUBJECTPREDICATECOLLOCATIONSBETWEENTHETWOLANGUAGES,THETHEMEOFACHINE

34、SESENTENCEISNOTTHESUBJECTOFITSTRANSLATEDENGLISHVERSIONTHUS,WHENDOINGTRANSLATION,WESHOULDFIGUREOUTTHECORRESPONDINGRELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHETHEMEOFACHINESESENTENCEANDTHESUBJECTOFANENGLISHSENTENCEANDCHANGEWORDORDERIFNECESSARYFORINSTANCE,9月1号开学。6TRANSLATEDVERSION“THENEWTERMBEGINSON1STSEPTEMBER”JHHUANG52COM

35、PARINGTHETWOVERSIONS,ITISCLEARTHAT“9月1号”ISTHETHEMEOFCHINESESENTENCE,BECAUSEITISTHEPOINTOFDEPARTUREOFACTIONSASWELLASTHEBODYOFTHESENTENCEBUTTHETHEMECANNOTBETRANSLATEDASTHESUBJECTOFTHEENGLISHVERSION,ORTHEREWILLBEAGRAMMATICALMISTAKETHUS,THESOLUTIONISTOTRANSLATETHECONNOTATIONOFTHECHINESESENTENCE,THATIS,“

36、THENEWTERMBEGINSON1STSEPTEMBER”ANOTHEREXAMPLEIS,工作没有经验，出点错误在所难免。TRANSLATEDVERSION1“JOBHASNOEXPERIENCEANDMAKESSOMEMISTAKES,ITISHARDLYAVOIDABLE”NIUANDCHEN112TRANSLATEDVERSION2MISTAKESAREHARDLYAVOIDABLEIFYOUHAVENOJOBEXPERIENCETRANSLATEDVERSION1FOLLOWINGTHEBASICSVOENGLISHSENTENCESTRUCTUREMAKESAGRAMMATIC

37、ALMISTAKE,BECAUSEITMISTAKESTHETHEMEOFTHECHINESESENTENCE“工作”FORTHESUBJECTOFTHEENGLISHSENTENCEINDEED,THEREALSUBJECT“YOU”OFTHECHINESESENTENCEISOMITTEDBESIDES,THECHINESESENTENCEHASACONNOTATIVEMEANINGTHAT“如果你没有工作经验，出点错误在所难免”“没有经验”ISADESCRIPTIONTOTHETHEMEANDCANNOTBEUSEDASTHEPREDICATEOFTHESENTENCETHUS,AFTE

38、RANALYZINGSENTENCESTRUCTURE,ADDINGTHEOMITTEDSUBJECTANDREORGANIZINGWORDORDER,VERSION2CORRECTLYANDCOMPLETELYCONVEYSTHEMEANINGOFTHECHINESESENTENCE312INVERTEDSENTENCESGENERALLYSPEAKING,SUBJECTSAREUSUALLYPLACEDINFRONTOFPREDICATESINBOTHENGLISHANDCHINESESENTENCESBUTSOMETIMES,THEPOSITIONOFPREDICATESANDSUBJE

39、CTSCANBEINVERTEDFOREMPHASIZINGINORDERTOPRECISELYREVEALTHECONNOTATIONOFTHEORIGINALTEXTANDCOMPREHENSIVELYCONVEYSINFORMATION,MUCHATTENTIONSHOULDBEPAIDTOTHISPHENOMENONOFINVERTEDSENTENCESINTRANSLATIONFOREXAMPLE,起来，饥寒交迫的奴隶起来，全世界受苦的人TRANSLATEDVERSION1ARISEYOUPRISONERSOFSTARVATIONARISEYOUTOILERSOFTHE7EARTHT

40、RANSLATEDVERSION2YOUPRISONERSOFSTARVATIONARISEYOUTOILERSOFTHEEARTHARISETHOUGHTRANSLATEDVERSION2FOLLOWINGTHEBASICSVENGLISHSENTENCESTRUCTUREHASNOGRAMMATICALMISTAKESANDCONVEYSTHELITERALMEANINGOFTHEORIGINALVERSION,ITSTILLCANNOTREFLECTTHECONNOTATIONOFTHETEXTTHEDETERMINATIONANDSTRENGTHOFTHEPOORWHOSTRUGGLE

41、DFORFREEDOMCOMPAREDWITHVERSION2,VERSION1WHICHREVERSESTHEORDEROFPREDICATEANDSUBJECTISMOREPOWERFULINEXPRESSION,ANDEFFECTIVELYAROUSEREADERSPASSIONTHEREFORE,WESHOULDNOTONLYCONSIDERLITERALMEANINGBUTALSOIMPLICITMEANINGOFATEXTBYCHANGINGTHEPOSITIONSOFPREDICATESANDSUBJECTSOFTHETRANSLATEDVERSIONTOEMPHASIZEINF

42、ORMATION313THEFORMALSUBJECTINSPITEOFHOWLONGSUBJECTSARE,CHINESETENDTOPUTSUBJECTSATTHEBEGINNINGOFSENTENCESINMOSTCASESBUTLONGSUBJECTSARENOTWELCOMEDBYENGLISHNATIONSWHOTENDTOKEEPABALANCEDSENTENCESTRUCTUREWHENTALKINGORWRITINGWITHTHEHELPOFTHEFORMALSUBJECT“IT”,ENGLISHLANGUAGEPUTSREALSUBJECTSBEHINDOFPREDICAT

43、ESFOREMPHASIZINGANDKEEPINGABALANCEDSENTENCESTRUCTURE,WHICHAVOIDSLONGSUBJECTSATTHESAMETIMEFOREXAMPLE,对于大学生来说至少掌握一门外语是必要的。TRANSLATEDVERSION1TOMASTERATLEASTAKINDOFFOREIGNLANGUAGEISESSENTIALFORACOLLEGESTUDENTTRANSLATEDVERSION2ITISESSENTIALFORACOLLEGESTUDENTTOMASTERATLEASTAKINDOFFOREIGNLANGUAGETRANSLATED

44、VERSION1PUTSTHESUBJECTATTHEBEGINNINGOFTHEENGLISHSENTENCEITCONVEYSTHEMEANINGOFTHEORIGINALVERSIONANDHASNOGRAMMATICALMISTAKES,BUTITLEADSTOALONGSUBJECTTRANSLATEDVERSION2USES“IT”ASAFORMALSUBJECT,ANDPLACESTHEREALSUBJECTBEHINDOFTHEPREDICATETHOUGHBOTHOFTHETWOVERSIONSAREACCEPTABLE,VERSION2ISAMOREIDIOMATICENG

45、LISHEXPRESSION8TOSUMUP,THEDIFFERENTSUBJECTANDPREDICATESTRUCTURESLEADTODIFFERENTWORDORDERSINTHETRANSLATIONPROCESS,THEFIRSTSTEPISTOFIGUREOUTTHECORRESPONDINGRELATIONSHIPBETWEENCHINESETHEMESANDENGLISHSUBJECTS,ANDCHANGEWORDORDERBYTAKINGADVANTAGEOFINVERTEDSENTENCESORTHEFORMALSUBJECTIFNECESSARY32MODIFIERS3

46、21ATTRIBUTESINCHINESE,EXCEPTINSOMECASESEMPHASIZINGATTRIBUTESEG“荷塘周边，长着许多树，郁郁葱葱的”,NOMATTERHOWLONGWORDSORWORDGROUPSARE,ASLONGASTHEYAREUSEDASATTRIBUTES,THEYHAVETOBEPLACEDINFRONTOFTHECENTRALWORDSTHATTHEYMODIFYHOWEVER,INENGLISH,THEPOSITIONSOFATTRIBUTESARENOTALWAYSFIXEDLI237243IFTHEATTRIBUTEISAWORD,ITISPL

47、ACEDINFRONTOFTHECENTRALWORDIFTHEATTRIBUTEISAWORDGROUPORANATTRIBUTECLAUSE,ITISPLACEDBEHINDOFTHECENTRALWORDBESIDES,INCHINESE,ANATTRIBUTEDESCRIBINGTHENATUREOFTHECENTRALWORDCOMESFIRSTANDISFOLLOWEDBYOTHERATTRIBUTES,THATIS,PLACEDINTHEPOSITIONFARTHESTTOTHECENTRALWORD,WHILEINENGLISH,SUCHATTRIBUTESAREPLACEDB

48、EHINDOFOTHERATTRIBUTES,THATIS,PLACEDINTHEPOSITIONNEARESTTOTHECENTRALWORDTHUS,DIFFERENTATTRIBUTEPOSITIONISALSOAFACTORLEADINGTODIFFERENTENGLISHANDCHINESEWORDORDERSOMETIMESWENEEDTOSHIFTTHEPOSITIONOFATTRIBUTESINTRANSLATIONTHEFOLLOWINGPARTWILLINTRODUCESOMECASESREQUIRINGWORDORDERCHANGINGINTRANSLATIONINENG

49、LISH,WORDSSHOWINGTIME,PLACESANDDIRECTIONSANDSOMESHORTWORDGROUPSAREUSUALLYPLACEDBEHINDOFCENTRALWORDSWHENTRANSLATEDINTOCHINESE,THESEATTRIBUTESSHOULDBEPUTINFRONTOFCENTRALWORDSFORINSTANCE,DOYOUKNOWTHELADYDOWNSTAIRSTRANSLATEDVERSION你认识楼下的那个女人吗THEPEOPLETHEREAREGOINGTOBEIJINGTRANSLATEDVERSION那里的人们打算去北京。THECLASSTOMORROWISVERYIMPORTANT9TRANSLATEDVERSION明天的课很重要。INENGLISH,RESTRICTIVEATTRIBUTIVECLAUSESMODIFYINGCENTRALWORDSARECLOSELYCONNECTEDTOCENTRALWORDSINMEANINGANDSHOULDBEPLACEDBEHINDOFCENTRALWORDSOMITTINGSUCHCLAUSESWILLDESTROYTHECOMPLETENESSOFTHEWHOLESENTENCEINTHISCASE,ATTRIBUTIVESSHOULDBEPLACEDINF