On Symbols in The Old Man and The Sea【文献综述】.doc

1、毕业论文文献综述 英语 On Symbols in The Old Man and The Sea Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 and died on July 2, 1961. He was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. Nicknamed “Papa“, he was part of the 1920s expatriate community in Paris known as “the Lost Generation“, as d

2、escribed in his memoir A Moveable Feast. He led a turbulent social life, was married four times, and allegedly had various romantic relationships during his lifetime. For a serious writer, he achieved a rare cult-like popularity during his lifetime. Hemingway received the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 for

3、The Old Man and the Sea. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. During his later life, Hemingway suffered from increasing physical and mental problems. In July 1961, he committed suicide by shooting himself. His popular works include The Sun Also Rises (1920)， A Farewell to Arms (1929),

4、For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940), The Old Man and the Sea (1950). Hemingways writing style is characterized by short and simple real-life dialogues, concise language with very few adjectives and adverbs, deliberate omission and so on, instead of the tedious style of the 19th century. He changes the tr

5、aditional literary works from tedious style into a kind of concise “telegraph style”. And Iceberg Theory is his most famous style. The Old Man and the Sea is Ernest Hemingways masterpiece. Hemingway ever said himself that it is the most perfect and the most beautiful of all his novels in his lifetim

6、e. In The Old Man and the Sea, Santiago was an old man who fished alone in a skiff and had gone 84 days without taking a fish. One day, he went far away to fish big fishes and met a Marlin fish. On the way home, he fought with several sharks to protect his Marlin but finally remained a long backbone

7、 with a huge tale. The main idea of this novel is “A man can be destroyed but not defeated.” Hemingway and his work The Old Man and the Sea have his share of critics. The New York Time ever said that Hemingway was not really a tough guy for committing suicide. American writer Saul Bellow said Heming

8、way had a strong will to create a Code Hero. 1 Sweden academician Tom Haws said The Old Man and the Sea was a powerful and concise work with irresistible beauty. Nevertheless, almost all people admit that Hemingway and his works remained irreplaceable influence to American literature. “Multiple Inte

9、rpretations of Symbolic Implications in The Old Man and The Sea (2009)” from Zhao Wenbo mentioned that the characters name Santiago is the same name as one Christian of Jesus. Santiago just has one faith of catching a big fish and abides his mission all his lifetime without perturbation. At first, S

10、antiago disbelieves Jesus but gradually he believes it. Its an indication which shows the old mans state sublimation after severe fighting with difficulties. Ma Jide, the author of “On Christ in The Old Man and The Sea (2010)”, wrote that Santiagos occupation shows the relationship between Jesus and

11、 him. One day the Jesus walked along a beach and saw two brothers fishing. He said, “Follow me! I will make you feel just like a fish in water.” Then they threw away fishing nets and became Christians. Gao Hongqin, the author of “The Interpretation of Dream in The Old Man and The Sea (2009)”, pointe

12、d out that the lion in Santiagos dream has tight relationship with himself. The old man had been to Africa in childhood and saw lions there. Why does he only remember lions but not seaside and hills? Because lion is the king of beasts with noble status and powerful strength. He wants to be a person

13、like lions and be accepted by other fishers. In “Analysis of the Lion in The Old Man and The Sea（ 2003） ”， Huo Mingjie pointed that lion represents the old man. Although Santiago catches no fishes in 84 days, he never gives up and complains about injustice in life. He has the lionlike ambition, powe

14、r and courage. Huang Lin, the author of “Study on Symbols in The Old Man and The Sea (2009)”, pointed out that Santiago is the best representative of Code Hero spirit. The old fisherman Santiago suffered from poverty and misfortune and lived a difficult life. However, he is a failed hero and undefea

15、ted loser. Santiago is the symbol of Hemingways Code Hero spirit. It is also the forceful reflection of Hemingways Iceberg analogy. The description of Santiagos deteriorating situation is to reflect the code heros elegance under the pressure. To some extent, Santiago has already surpassed the nature

16、, and difficulties, glory, success and failure in his life. “The Symbolism of The Old Man and The Sea (2007)”, Wang Min and Tao Shiyun wrote that Ernest Hemingway presents the fisherman as the ideal man: independent in his 2 action, eager to follow his calling, and willing to take chances in life. T

17、he old mans most notable attribute, however, appears to be his unquenchable spirit: no matter how his body is beaten, his spirit remains undefeated, through all trials. Here, Hemingway has created a hero who personifies honor, courage, endurance, and faith, and most important of all, Santiago was de

18、scribed as being a figure of Christ. In Bu Yuges “On Old Man Spirit in The Old Man and The Sea (2010)”, it interprets an important spirit called Old Man Spirit. The old man is optimistic, confident, patient, and brave. He is a true hero and excellent fisher with strong persistence and profound fishi

19、ng skills. In Peng Xiaojings “On Symbolic Significance of the Environment and Characters in The Old Man and The Sea (2008)”, it analyses some automatic speaking sentences by Santiago. “It is shark that tears up the turtles while there are asleep.” This sentence implies that shark is the representati

20、ve of all destructive strength. In “On Symbolic Skills in The Old Man and The Sea (2010)”, Yang Qiuxi analyzes the old mans description. Santiagos tragedy image is the miniature of Hemingway. During the World War II, Hemingway wounded a lot even approach to death. During 1940 to 1950, he hadnt publi

21、shed any important works. The book Across the river and Into the Trees was criticized by critics. In “The Role of the Boy and the Lion in The Old Man and the Sea (2008)”, Lu Cheng pointed out some new observations. From the friendship between Santiago and Manolin, we can see that Santiago is also a

22、kindhearted and caring man. The existence of the little boy represents another aspect of the old mans humanity. In “ On the functions of the sea and the Marlin in The Old Man and The sea (2000)”, Liu Songquan wrote that the Marlin is the best fish with the characteristics of persistence, modesty, co

23、nfident and calm. Though the Marlin is eaten by sharks, the old man brings the bones (spirit) back. In Ma Xiulis “Analysis of the Little Boys Functions in The Old Man and The Sea (2008)”, it interprets the little boy Manolins deep functions. When the old man got no fish with 84 days, he said, “You a

24、re the fishing master of all the fishers”. He believed Santiago would catch a fish successfully later. Manolin is a projection of young Hemingway with the characteristics of optimism and independence. Tan Yunhua and Lei Qing, authors of On Symbolic Significance of Manonlin (2010), said that the litt

25、le boy is the best successor of the Code Hero spirit. Manolins parents 3 prohibit him from fishing with Santiago for his failing 84 days on the sea. But he wants to follow the old man very much indeed. He never be afraid of any difficulties in the process of fishing and has firm faith to win which s

26、hows the Code Hero spirit. In “On Symbolism of The Old Man and The Sea (2008)”, Kuang Aimei analyzed the symbol of the skeleton of the Marlin. The skeleton represents the old mans mental success. To other people, the skeleton means nothing but rubbishes. But to Santiago, it means huge success of the

27、 spirit. Chen Jian, the author of “Image Creation and Symbolic Meaning of The Old Man and the Sea (2010)”, pointed that the war between Santiago and the sea is actually the war between man and destiny. Santiagos actions reflect the sublimity of a Greeces hero which admires people to take heart and p

28、roduce their life value. There are also many other famous and professional critics from domestic and overseas have make deep study on The Old Man and The Sea and symbols in it. However, on the whole, it seems that the majority of the researches done on The Old Man and The Sea are about the old man.

29、Researchers always focus on the old man and his characteristics. In fact, other symbols in the book can be big focus. Maybe people should put more attention on object symbols like boat, flat and sailfishes. 参考文献 1 Gao Hongqin. The Interpretation of Dream in the Old Man and the Sea J. Journal Of Si C

30、huan College Of Education, 2009, (1). 2 Huang Lin. Study on Symbols in The Old Man and the Sea J. Economic and Law, 2009, (1) . 3 Wang Min and Tao Shiyun. The Symbolism of the Old Man and the Sea J. Information Technology, 2007, (15) . 4 步雨格 . 解析 老人与海 中的老人精神 J.科技向导， 2010，（ 27） . 5 陈健 . 老人与海 人物形象塑造及其

31、象征意义 J. 重庆文理学院学报 ， 2010，（ 2） . 6 霍明杰 . 浅析老人与海中 “ 狮子 ” 意象的两种意义 J. 广州大学学报 (社会科学版 ), 2003,(04). 4 7 旷爱梅 . 简论海明威老人与海的象征手法 J. 邵阳学院学报 ， 2008，（ 2） . 8 刘松泉 , 张鹭 . 浅论海和马林鱼在 老人与海 中的作 用 J.周口师范高等专科学校学报 ， 2000（ 3） . 9 吕程 .论男孩和狮子在 老人与海 中的作用 J.滨州学院学报， 2008，（ 2） . 10 马吉德 .论老人与海中的基督精神 J.青年文学家， 2010，（ 6） . 11 马秀丽 ,王艳红 ,王芳 . 老人与海中小男孩形象的深层意蕴解析 J.电影评介 , 2008,(04) . 12 彭小晶 . 论环境和人物设定在老人与海中的象征作用 J.发展 , 2008,(11). 13 覃云华 ,雷卿 . 从马诺林的象征意义说起 J.太原城市职业技术学院学报 , 2010,(01) . 14 杨 秋喜 . 浅析海明威 老人与海 的象征手法 J. 赤峰学院学报 ， 2010，（ 4） . 15 赵文博 .老人与海象征意蕴的多重解读 J.吉林师范大学学报 , 2009,(1).