1、1外文翻译原文TITLERELATIONSHIPMARKETINGANDSERVICESMARKETINGTWOCONVERGENTPERSPECTIVESFORVALUECREATIONINTHECULTURALSECTOREMPIRICALEVIDENCEONPERFORMINGARTSCONSUMERSINSPAINMATERIALSOURCECINTERNATIONALREVIEWONPUBLICANDNONPROFITMARKETING,VOL4,NO1/2DECEMBER2007,PP101115101AUTHORMARAJOSQUEROABSTRACTUSINGTHERELATI
2、ONSHIPPARADIGMASATHEORETICALFRAMEWORK,AMANAGEMENTMODELFORCULTURALSERVICESRELATIONSHIPMARKETINGOFCULTURALORGANIZATIONSISPROPOSED,WHATISANUNPRECEDENTEDCONTRIBUTIONINTHEMARKETINGFIELDBYCOMBININGTWOCONVERGENTPERSPECTIVESASRELATIONSHIPMARKETINGANDSERVICESMARKETING,THEMODELISSTRUCTUREDONTHEBASISOFTWOLARGE
3、TYPESOFRELATIONSHIPSINTHEMANAGEMENTOFACULTURALORGANIZATIONINSTRUMENTALRELATIONSHIPSANDGROUPRELATIONSHIPSTHEPAPERISANINDEPTHSTUDYOFRELATIONSHIPSREGARDINGPERFORMINGARTSAUDIENCEATHEORETICAL/EMPIRICALAPPROACHWASAPPLIED,INCLUDINGFACETOFACEINTERVIEWSTO1005PERFORMINGARTSCONSUMERSANDTELEPHONEINTERVIEWSTOASA
4、MPLEOF2005INDIVIDUALSINSPAINKEYWORDSCULTURALMARKETINGPERFORMINGARTSSERVICESRELATIONSHIPMARKETINGSERVICESMARKETINGCUSTOMERRELATIONSHIPS1INTRODUCTIONTHEMOSTRECENTLITERATUREONMARKETINGMANAGEMENTISDEMONSTRATINGAREVOLUTIONARYCHANGEINBOTHFORMANDCONTENT,WHICH,UNDOUBTEDLY,WILLRESULTINSEVERALRESEARCHPROJECTS
5、INTHESHORTTERMAIMEDATSHEDDINGSOMELIGHTONTHISDILEMMATRADITIONALMANAGEMENTMODELSANDPARADIGMSDONOTADAPTTOTHEREQUIREMENTSOFNEWPRODUCTS,ASTHEREAREMOREANDMOREEXCEPTIONSANDQUESTIONSONTHEMODELSDEVELOPEDSOFARLOVELOCKANDGUMMESSON,2004VARGOANDLUSH,2004INTHISCOMPLEXCONTEXT,THISPAPERAIMSTOMAKEANINDEPTHSTUDYOFTHE
6、FIELDOFCULTURALSERVICESMANAGEMENTBYUSINGTWOCONCURRENTPERSPECTIVESRELATIONSHIPMARKETINGANDSERVICESMARKETING,INORDERTOCONTRIBUTETOTHE2DEVELOPMENTOFTHENEWMARKETINGDOMAINCULTURALMARKETINGKOTLER,2005THISISAFIELDSTILLINITSDEVELOPMENTPHASE,BUTHASPROBABLYFOUND,WITHTHESENEWTRENDS,THERIGHTMOMENTTOGROWANDDEVEL
7、OPMANAGEMENTSTRUCTURESANDMODELSTHATMEETITSPARTICULARREQUIREMENTSFROMTHEVERYBEGINNING,CONTRIBUTIONSMADETOTHECULTURALSECTORBYTHEMARKETINGDISCIPLINEHAVEBEENVERYDIVERSEHOWEVER,ALTHOUGHTHEYSEEMTOHAVECOMETOACONSENSUSINTHESCIENTIFICWORLDABOUTTHEIDEATHATTHEMANAGEMENTOFCULTURALIDENTITIESPRESENTSSUCHSPECIALCH
8、ARACTERISTICSTHATMAKEITCONSIDERABLYDIFFERENTVOSSANDVOSS,2000COLBERT,2001JOHNSONANDGARBARINO,2001ARTSCOUNCILOFENGLAND,2003KOTLERANDSCHEFF,1997CONTRIBUTIONSFROMTHEMARKETINGMANAGEMENTAREASTILLDONOTSUFFICETOCONSTRUCTAKNOWLEDGEBASETHATISSOLIDENOUGHTOCREATEATHEORETICALMANAGEMENTFRAMEWORKSIMILARTOTHEONEOTH
9、ERDISCIPLINESWITHMORETRADITIONINMARKETINGRESEARCHHAVEINTHISCONTEXT,ITISSTATEDTHATTHERELATIONSHIPMARKETINGPARADIGMOFFERSASUITABLEFRAMEWORKFORTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFCULTURALMANAGEMENTANDTHISRESEARCHSTUDYHASFOCUSEDONTHEPERFORMINGARTSSERVICESSECTOR,ASCONSIDERINGTHATITISONEOFTHEMOSTFORGOTTENSECTORSBYSCIENTIF
10、ICRESEARCHERSOFMANAGEMENTFURTHERMORE,THEDECREASINGCONSUMPTIONOFTHISARTFORMINEUROPEGOESAGAINSTTHETRENDIFTAKINGINTOACCOUNTTHATTIMEANDMONEYINVESTEDINLEISUREACTIVITIESHASNOTSTOPPEDGROWINGWITHCOUNTRIESECONOMICDEVELOPMENTINVIEWOFTHISSITUATION,QUESTIONSASFOLLOWINGAREREQUIREDWHATISTHEREASONFORTHISLOSSOFCOMP
11、ETITIVEADVANTAGE,WHATISBEINGDONEWRONGTOBELOSINGIMPACTINAMARKET,WHICH,INTHEORY,ISBECOMINGMOREANDMOREINCLINEDTOCONSUMELEISUREACTIVITIES,SUCHASTHEPERFORMINGARTS,WHICHAGENTSARERESPONSIBLEFORTHERESULTS,WHICHAGENTSAREAFFECTEDBYTHERESULTS,WHATCANBEDONETOIMPROVETHISTHESEQUESTIONSARETHEBASISFORCARRYINGOUTTHI
12、SRESEARCHSTUDY2RELATIONSHIPMARKETING,SERVICESMARKETINGANDCULTURALMARKETINGASTHREECONVERGENTPERSPECTIVESRELATIONSHIPMARKETINGHASBECOMEONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTCONTRIBUTIONSINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFMODERNMARKETINGSCIENCEPAYNEANDHOLT,2001,ANDITHASGENERATEDARECOGNISEDINTERESTINTHEFIELDOFSCIENTIFICRESEARCHWHATISMOR
13、E,INTHEOPINIONOFNUMEROUSAUTHORS,ITHASEVENBEENSEENASANEWPARADIGMGUMMESSON,1999PECKETAL,1999WEBSTER,1992SHETHANDPARVATIYAR,2000KOTHANDARAMANANDWILSON,2000WITHTHECONCEPTBYGUMMESSON2002ON“RELATIONSHIPMARKETINGIS3INTERACTIONSINNETWORKSOFRELATIONSHIPS”ASASTARTINGPOINT,THEMANAGEMENTOFACULTURALORGANIZATIONI
14、SUNDERSTOODASBEINGNECESSARILYDETERMINEDBYAMULTITUDEOFAGENTSINTHEMARKET,BEINCLUDEDINTHEORGANIZATIONSPLANNINGPROCESS,SINCETHEVALUEOFTHEFINALPRODUCTISGOINGTODEPENDONTHEMTOALARGEEXTENTTHEROLEOFTHEINTERESTGROUPSINTHEPLANNINGPROCESSOFTHEORGANIZATIONSISONEOFTHELEASTCULTIVATEDAREASOFRELATIONSHIPMARKETINGHEN
15、NINGTHURAUANDHANSEN,2000PAYNEANDHOLT2001EXPLICITLYREFERTOTHISDEFICIENCY“UNDERSTANDINGLONGTERMRELATIONSHIPSWITHBOTHCUSTOMERSANDOTHERSTAKEHOLDERGROUPSHASBEENNEGLECTEDINTHEMAINSTREAMMARKETINGLITERATUREMANAGINGTHEORGANIZATIONSINTERNALANDEXTERNALRELATIONSHIPSNEEDSTOBECOMEACENTRALACTIVITYTHISCENTRALACTIVI
16、TYISRELATIONSHIPMARKETING”WEAREFACED,THEREFORE,WITHANEWSCENARIOINWHICHONETOONEMARKETINGHASGIVENWAYTOMANYTOMANYMARKETINGGUMMESSON,2004INOTHERWORDS,PLANNINGRELATIONSHIPSWITHINDIVIDUALSHASEVOLVEDTOPLANNINGRELATIONSHIPSWITHCOLLECTIVES,WITHINTERACTIONNETWORKSONTHEOTHERHAND,EITHERWHENCONTRIBUTIONSINTHEFIE
17、LDOFCULTURALMARKETINGDONOTRECORDENOUGHSTANDARDIZATIONORVOLUMETOBEGROUPEDINTRENDSORSCHOOLS,THEYDOSHAREAVALUETHEIMPORTANCEOFRELATIONSHIPSINTHEIRMANAGEMENTCONTRIBUTIONSMADEINTHISAREAAREVERYDIVERSE,INMOSTCASESFOCUSINGONRELATIONSHIPSWITHCUSTOMERSRELATIONSHIPSWITHTHEPERFORMINGARTSAUDIENCEGARBARINOANDJOHNS
18、ON1999USETHESTAGEOFANOFFBROADWAYTHEATREINNEWYORKTOEXPLORETHETRANSACTION/RELATIONSHIPCONTINUUMPROPOSEDBYGRONROOS1995TOCONCLUDETHATTHEPERFORMINGARTSAUDIENCEHASDIFFERENTBEHAVIOURALPROFILESDEPENDINGONTHERELATIONSHIPSDEVELOPEDWITHTHEORGANIZATIONOR,SPECIFICALLY,“INACONSUMERENVIRONMENTINWHICHCUSTOMERSRECEI
19、VEHIGHLYSIMILARSERVICESTHEREARESYSTEMATICDIFFERENCESINTHERELATIONALISMOFDIFFERENTCUSTOMERGROUPS”RENTSCHLERETAL2001ALSOCONSIDEREDANEMPIRICALAPPROACHTORELATIONSHIPSWITHTHEAUDIENCEOFPERFORMINGARTSORGANIZATIONSINAUSTRALIA“WHATARTSORGANIZATIONSNEEDTOCONSIDERISWHETHERTHEEXPENSEOFHAVINGHIGHSINGLETICKETSALE
20、SISSUSTAINABLEAND,IFNOT,WHATTODOABOUTIT”3THEPRODUCTANDRELATIONSHIPSWITHCUSTOMERSSUGGESTIONSONAMODELFORTHERELATIONSHIPMANAGEMENTOFCULTURALSERVICESRELATIONSHIPSWITHTHEAUDIENCEARETHECENTRALCOMPONENTINTHECONFIGURATIONOFTHERELATIONSHIPMARKETINGMANAGEMENTMODELFORCULTURALORGANIZATIONSTHISCENTRALPLACEISSHAR
21、EDWITHTHECULTURALPRODUCT,WHOSEGENERALMARKETINGMODEL4PRESENTSSPECIALCHARACTERISTICSTHATDIFFERENTIATEITFROMTHECLASSICSTRUCTUREOFMARKETING,AS1MARKETINGPROCESSSTARTSINTHEPRODUCERORGANIZATION,ANDFROMTHISORIGINTHECULTURALPRODUCTADECISIONHASTOBEMADECONCERNINGTHEPARTOFTHEMARKETTHATMAYBEINTERESTEDINCONSUMING
22、IT2ONCEPOTENTIALCONSUMERSHAVEBEENIDENTIFIED,THECOMPANYWILLDECIDEONTHEREMAININGRELATIONSHIPPOLICIESINSTRUMENTALANDGROUP,WHICHWEWILLCOVERBELOWTHEREFORE,WEAREFACEDWITHAKINDOFMARKETWHOSEMARKETINGPROCESSSHOWSA“PRODUCTTOCLIENT”TYPESTRUCTURETHEATYPICALSTRUCTURETRANSFORMSTHERELATIONSHIPPOLICYWITHTHECULTURAL
23、CUSTOMER,ASITCONSIDERSTHATTHECOREOFTHEPRODUCTISUNALTERABLECOLBERT,2001THISSTRUCTUREINVOLVESTHEDEVELOPMENTOFAWIDEVARIETYOFRELATIONSHIPS,WHICHHAVETOBEINCLUDEDINTHEVALUECREATIONPROCESSFORMINGTHEMARKETINGOFACULTURALPRODUCTTHECULTURALOFFERINGOFACOUNTRY,AREGIONORADISTRICTISASOURCEOFBENEFITSFORALARGENUMBER
24、OFSOCIALSECTORSITISNOTFORNOTHINGTHATTHERECOGNITIONOFTHE“NEEDFORCULTURE”ISWELLKNOWNINVIRTUALLYALLDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESCOUNCILOFTHEEUROPEANUNION,2004,ANDPUBLICORGANIZATIONS,ASWELLASPRIVATEENTITIES,AREINVOLVEDINSATISFYINGTHISDEMANDBASEDONTHISSITUATION,ITISLOGICALTOASSUMETHATEACHANDEVERYONEOFTHESECOLLECTIV
25、ESHASTOBEINCLUDEDINTHEORGANIZATIONSPLANNINGANDA“WINWINRELATIONSHIP”NEEDSTOBEIMPLEMENTEDINCONNECTIONWITHTHEMPERFORMINGARTSORGANIZATIONSWILLHAVETOMANAGEAMULTITUDEOFRELATIONSHIPSTOACHIEVETHEIROBJECTIVESTHESERELATIONSHIPSWEREFORMERLYCLASSIFIEDINTOTWOLARGECATEGORIESQUERO,2003AINSTRUMENTALRELATIONSHIPSTHI
26、SFIRSTCATEGORYGROUPSTHEMARKETINGMIXINSTRUMENTSANDINCORPORATESARELATIONSHIPFOCUSIE,PRODUCT,PRICE,DISTRIBUTIONANDCOMMUNICATIONRELATIONSHIPSTHEDIFFERENTIATIONFACTORCHARACTERIZINGTHEDESIGNOFTHESEPOLICIESISTHATTHEYHAVETOBEPLANNEDTAKINGASAREFERENCETHECREATIONOFVALUEFORCUSTOMERSANDFOREVERYONEOFTHEAGENTSINV
27、OLVEDINTHEPRODUCTIONPROCESSOFTHECULTURALSERVICESBGROUPRELATIONSHIPSTHESECONDOFTHECATEGORIESISRELATEDTOTHEIDENTIFICATIONANDPLANNINGPROCESSOFRELATIONSHIPSWITHCOLLECTIVESORAGENTSOFINTEREST,ASTHEPERFORMINGARTSAUDIENCE,EDUCATIONALCENTRES,PUBLICORGANIZATIONS,COMPETITION,SUPPLIERS,NONPUBLICORGANIZATIONSAND
28、INTERNALRELATIONSHIPS5FROMTHISPOINTOFVIEW,GROUPRELATIONSHIPSANDINSTRUMENTALRELATIONSHIPSAREUNDERSTOODASDIFFERENTINNATURE,BUTTHEYCONVERGEINSTRATEGYINOTHERWORDS,WHILSTSOMEOFTHEMREQUIRESKILLSCONNECTEDWITHTHEMANAGEMENTOFRELATIONSHIPSWITHCOLLECTIVES,OTHERSREQUIREADIFFERENTKINDOFSKILLS,MOREVISIBLEFORTHECU
29、STOMERANDCONNECTEDWITHDECISIONMAKINGINSPECIFICASPECTS,SUCHASPROGRAMMEDESIGNINGPRODUCT,TICKETSALESDISTRIBUTION,SHOWVALUEPRICEORCONVEYINGTHEINFORMATIONTOTHEMARKETCOMMUNICATIONHOWEVER,THEMANAGEMENTOFBOTHGROUPSHASTOCONVERGEINOBTAINEDRESULTSATTHEENDINOTHERWORDS,THATISTOSAYTHATEVERYONEOFTHECOLLECTIVESHAST
30、OHAVEITSEXPECTATIONSMETINTHESEDECISIONS4CONCLUSIONSTHEAIMOFTHISSTUDYWASTOCONTRIBUTETOTHEDEVELOPMENTANDIMPLEMENTATIONOFRELATIONSHIPMARKETING,SERVICESMARKETINGANDCULTURALMARKETINGINASPECIFICAREATHEPERFORMINGARTSSECTORTHEPROCESSOFSELECTINGANDPLANNINGTHERELATIONSHIPSSUGGESTEDBYTHERELATIONSHIPMARKETINGPA
31、RADIGMHASENABLEDTODEVELOPATHEORETICALMODELFORORGANIZATIONSOFPERFORMINGARTSSERVICES,INWHICHTWOTYPESOFRELATIONSHIPGROUPSAREIDENTIFIEDINSTRUMENTALRELATIONSHIPSANDGROUPRELATIONSHIPSINSTRUMENTALRELATIONSHIPSINCLUDEPRODUCT,PRICE,DISTRIBUTIONANDCOMMUNICATIONRELATIONSHIPSINTHEMODEL,WITHTHEPARTICULARFEATUREO
32、FTHEFACTTHATTHEIRDESIGNHASTOBEDEPENDENTONTHEANALYSISOFTHEEFFECTSTHEYMAYHAVEFOREVERYONEOFTHEINTERESTGROUPSWITHREGARDTOGROUPRELATIONSHIPS,SEVENCOLLECTIVESHAVEBEENIDENTIFIEDPERFORMINGARTSAUDIENCE,EDUCATIONALCENTRES,PUBLICORGANIZATIONS,COMPETITION,SUPPLIERS,OTHERORGANIZATIONSANDINTERNALRELATIONSHIPSEVER
33、YONEOFTHEMISCAPABLEOFCREATINGANDRECEIVINGVALUEINTHEIRRELATIONSHIPSAND,THEREFORE,THEYHAVETOBEINCLUDEDINORGANIZATIONSPLANNINGPROCESS,INORDERTOIMPLEMENTWINWINSTRATEGIESINTHEAREAOFRELATIONSHIPMANAGEMENTWITHTHEPERFORMINGARTSAUDIENCE,ACLASSIFICATIONOFTHEAUDIENCEHASBEENPROPOSEDONTHEBASISOFRELATIONSHIPCRITE
34、RIA,WHICHHASENABLEDTWOIMPORTANTPHASESTOBEIDENTIFIEDINTHERETENTIONPROCESSWITHCULTURALCUSTOMERS,THEATTRACTIONPHASEANDTHERETENTIONPHASE,WHOSEPRIMARYOBJECTIVEISTOFOSTERRELATIONSWITHTHECUSTOMERUNTILTHEHIGHESTPOSSIBLELEVELOFRELATIONSHIPWITHTHEORGANIZATIONISOBTAINEDTHEEMPIRICALCONTRIBUTIONHASSERVEDTOCORROB
35、ORATETHETHEORETICALCONTRIBUTIONBYIMPLEMENTINGASTUDYONTHECURRENTPERFORMINGARTSAUDIENCEIN6SPAINANDTHEGENERALPUBLIC,WHICHDEMONSTRATESTHEIMPORTANCEOFMANAGINGRELATIONSBETWEENTHECULTURALORGANIZATIONANDITSCUSTOMERSANDTHEBENEFITSOFIMPLEMENTINGANAPPROPRIATERELATIONSHIPMARKETINGSTRATEGYTHISRESEARCHSTUDYCOULDB
36、EALSOCONSIDEREDASASIGNIFICANTCONTRIBUTIONTOTHEMARKETINGDISCIPLINE,DUETOITSIMPORTANTTHEORETICALIMPLICATIONS1RELATIONSHIPMARKETINGISCONSIDEREDASTHEINTEGRATINGPARADIGM,CAPABLEOFADAPTINGTOTHEREQUIREMENTSOFCULTURALSERVICES,INGENERAL,ANDTOPERFORMINGARTSSERVICES,INPARTICULAR2THEMARKETINGMIXPARADIGMISINCLUD
37、EDINTOTHEMANAGEMENTMODEL,REDEFININGITSMAININSTRUMENTSASPRODUCT,PRICE,DISTRIBUTIONANDCOMMUNICATIONRELATIONSHIPSITISALSOANUNPRECEDENTEDCONTRIBUTIONINTHEFIELDOFCULTURALMARKETING,ATLEASTINSPAIN,OFFERINGATHEORETICALMODELFORTHEPLANNINGANDMANAGEMENTOFORGANIZATIONSOFFERINGPERFORMINGARTSSERVICESTHISSTUDYPAVE
38、STHEWAYFORAMULTITUDEOFFUTURELINESOFRESEARCHFOREXAMPLE,THESTUDYOFEVERYONEOFTHEINTERESTGROUPSANDTHEIRROLEINTHEPROCESSOFCREATINGVALUE,ASWELLASTHEWAYINWHICHINSTRUMENTALRELATIONSHIPSHAVETOBEIMPLEMENTEDEMERGEASPRIORITYACTIONSTOBEIMPLEMENTEDINORDERTOBUILDSOMEFOUNDATIONSINTHEAREAOFARTSMARKETINGTHATAREASSOLI
39、DASTHOSEINOTHERSECTORS外文文献译文标题关系营销和服务营销文化部门价值创造的会聚性观点资料来源CINTERNATIONALREVIEWONPUBLICANDNONPROFITMARKETING,VOL4,NO1/2DECEMBER2007,PP101115101作者MARAJOSQUERO摘要关系理论架构模式,文化服务管理模式关系营销的文化组织,在销售领域做出了前所未有的贡献。通过联合使用两种会聚性的观点关系营销和服务营销,这两大类型的关系是互助的关系和组织的关系。本文对有关的关系深入研究表演艺术的观众。理论和实证研究相结合,其中包括面对面访谈1005个表演艺术的消费者和电
40、话采访在西班牙的2005个人。关键字文化营销;表演艺术服务;关系营销;服务营销;客户关系1作品简介最近的文献毫无疑问地证明营销管理在这两种形式和内容上有了革命性的变化,将导致几个研究项目在短期内出现进退两难的局面。传统的管理模式与范例不适合新产品的要求,因为这个模式发展至今有了越来越多的例外7(LOVELOCKANDGUMMESSON,2004VARGOANDLUSH,2004)。在这个复杂的背景下,本文旨在利用关系营销和服务营销这两个并发的观点对文化服务管理领域进行研究,以致力于发展新的营销领域文化营销(陈蕙美,2005)。这是一种很可能已经建立但仍然处在发展阶段的新模式,在合适的时机能发展
41、壮大并成为满足其特殊要求的管理结构和模式。从一开始,文化产业的贡献对市场规律来说就非常不同。然而,虽然在科学界他们对于思想文化本身的管理呈现出的相当不同的特点似乎已经达成了共识。(VOSSANDVOSS,2000COLBERT,2001JOHNSONANDGARBARINO,2001ARTSCOUNCILOFENGLAND,2003KOTLERANDSCHEFF,1997)。在市场调研过程中,来自营销管理领域的贡献还不足以构建一个坚硬得足以建立类似于传统市场的管理框架的知识基础。在此背景下,更说明关系营销范例为文化管理的实施和集中在表演艺术服务业的研究提供了一个合适的框架,是因为考虑到这是其中
42、最被科研管理人员遗忘的行业。此外,在欧洲降低艺术形式的消费,违背了如果考虑到把时间和金钱投资于休闲活动,并不能停止国家的经济发展这一消费趋势。针对这一情况,以下要求为什么会失去竞争优势我们做了什么错误影响了市场,在理论上,变得越来越倾向于消费的休闲活动,如表演艺术哪位代理人对结果负责结果又影响哪个代理人那我们该怎么做才能改善这些问题是执行本调查研究的基础。2关系营销、服务营销和文化营销三个会聚性的观点关系营销已经成为推进现代科学营销学发展的一个最重要的贡献PAYNEANDHOLT,2001,并在这一科学研究领域引起了公认的兴趣。在许多作者的看法中,它甚至被看作是一个新的范例。(GUMMESSO
43、N,1999PECKETAL,1999WEBSTER,1992SHETHANDPARVATIYAR,2000KOTHANDARAMANANDWILSON,2000)。GUMMESSON(2002)的观念是以“关系营销网络的相互作用关系”为出发点,文化组织管理被理解为必须是由众多的代理人确定在市场上的竞争力,并纳入组织计划的过程中,在很大程度上最终产品的价值要依靠他们。在计划过程中利益团体的作用是组织关系营销的最小产区(HENNINGTHURAUANDHANSEN,2000)。PAYNEANDHOLT(2001)明确提及其不足之处“在主流营销市场上,与顾客和其他的利益相关群体长期保持友好关系一直
44、被忽略;管理组织的内外部关系成为焦点活动;是关系营销的中心活动”。因此,摆在我们面前的是一种新的发展趋势,从一对一营销方式转变为多对多的营销方式(GUMMESSON,2004);换句话说,从规划个人发展关系转变为集体规划互动网络。8另一方面,在文化营销领域的规范性贡献不足够迎合团队或学校的潮流,他们都有一个价值观在他们的管理中各种人际关系的重要性。在这个领域的贡献是非常多样的,在大多数案例中关注的客户关系(表演艺术听众的关系)。GARBARINOANDJOHNSON(1999)使用在纽约剧院上演的戏剧来探讨连续的交易关系,GRONROOS(1995)得出了这样的结论根据组织关系发展起来的观众表
45、演艺术有不同的行为剖面,具体地说,“在消费的环境中,顾客得到高度类似的服务分类出不同的客户群体有不同的关系”。RENTSCHLERETAL(2001)并且在澳大利亚被认为是对表演艺术组织的观众关系研究的实证方法“什么艺术组织需要考虑是否销售较高费用的单程票就可以支撑,以及如果不是的话,怎么做”。3对文化服务管理模型中的产品和客户关系的建议客户关系是文化组织关系营销管理模型的主要组成部分。这个中心共享文化产品,其总体市场开发模型划分出有特色的经典销售,比如1营销过程开始于生产者组织,从这个起源(文化产品)关于这部分可能有兴趣被吃掉的市场份额必须做一个决定。2潜在消费者一旦被确认之后,公司将决定剩
46、余的关系政策(有帮助的和团体,将会包括如下)。因此,我们正面临着一种市场营销过程中显示的“产品面向顾客”式结构。非典型结构改造与文化政策的关系,因为它认为客户产品的核心是不变的(COLBERT,2001)。这个结构包括了各种各样的发展关系,而这被包括在价值创造过程中市场形成的文化产品中。一个国家或地区的文化祭,为大量的社会部门带来一个利益的来源。在几乎所有发达国家并不是没有“文化需要识别”这是众所周知的。(COUNCILOFTHEEUROPEANUNION,2004),还有公共组织以及私人实体,都参与满足这一需求。在此基础上,这是合乎逻辑的猜想,每一个这样的集体都已纳入组织计划和结合实施“共赢
47、”的需求。表演艺术组织需要管理大量的关系来达到他们的目的。这些关系分为两大的类别(QUERO,2003)A互助的关系这第一类营销组合关系包含一种关系焦点(如产品、价格、分配和交流关系)。这个分化因子具有被计划作为为广大客户服务创造参考价值的政策设计的特征,并且让每一个代理商参与到产品生产过程的文化服务中。B组织的关系第二类是有关规划过程中识别和确定集体人员和代理商的利益。如表演艺术的观众,教育中心、社会团体、竞争、供应商、非公有制组织和内部的关系。9从这一观点看,组织的关系和互助的关系被理解为具有不同的本质,但是他们聚合在战略里。换句话说,他们中的一些人需要与管理集体关系之间的连接技巧,其他人
48、每天需要不同的技巧,在具体问题上可以更容易看到客户以及他们的决策。如计划设计(产品)、车票销售(分配),价值展示(价格)或是为市场传递信息(交流)。不过,在最后这两组管理必须聚合在结果上。换句话说,也就是集体的每一个人都必须拥有这个决定的预期。4结论本研究的目的是致力于在一个特定的区域表演艺术领域,发展和实施关系营销、服务营销和文化营销。选择和计划的过程中为企业发展表演艺术服务所建议的关系营销范例的理论模型的发展,两种类型的关系被确定为互助的关系和组织的关系。互助关系包括产品、价格、分布和交流模型之间的关系,特定的事实是,他们的设计必须依赖于分析对他们有影响的每一个群体。关于组织关系,已经发现
49、了七点表演艺术的观众,教育中心、社会团体、竞争、供应商、其他组织和内部的关系。他们每个人都能创造和接收价值,因此,为了实现双赢的战略,他们必须被包括在组织计划的过程中。在该地区表演艺术的观众的关系管理,一类观众在此基础上提出了关系标准,是在两个重要阶段吸引阶段和保留阶段里,吸引客户在不同的文化中停留的过程,其主要目的是培养与客户的组织关系,直到达到世界最高水平。实证贡献结合理论贡献,通过对当前在西班牙的表演艺术观众和普通大众实施的研究,显示出实施适当的关系营销策略,对文化组织和客户利益的关系管理具有重要意义。该研究同样被认为是对营销秩序的一项重要贡献,其重要的理论意义有1关系营销的综合范式被认为是,能够适应文化服务的要求,一般来说是指表演艺术服务。2混合营销范例的管理模式,包括给它的主要设备产品、价格、分布和交流关系重新定义。至少在西班牙的文化营销领域,这也是一个前所未有的贡献,其为表演艺术服务提供了规划和组织管理的理论模型。本研究为未来多种不同的研究方向开辟了道路。例如,研究每个利益集团和他们在价值创造过程中的作用,为了在该地区的固体和其它领域的艺术市场上建立一些基础,实现互助关系都必须实施优先行动。
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