阅读革命-外文翻译.doc

1、1外文翻译原文TITLETHEFUTUREOFREADINGMATERIALSOURCENEWSWEEKAUTHORSTEVENLEVY“TECHNOLOGY,“COMPUTERPIONEERALANKAYONCESAID,“ISANYTHINGTHATWASINVENTEDAFTERYOUWEREBORN“SOITSNOTSURPRISING,WHENMAKINGMENTALLISTSOFTHEMOSTWHIZBANGYTECHNOLOGICALCREATIONSINOURLIVES,THATWEMAYOVERLOOKANOBJECTTHATISSUPERBLYDESIGNED,WICKED

2、LYFUNCTIONAL,INFINITELYUSEFULANDBELOVEDMOREPASSIONATELYTHANANYGADGETINABESTBUYTHEBOOKITISAMORERELIABLESTORAGEDEVICETHANAHARDDISKDRIVE,ANDITSPORTSAKILLERUSERINTERFACENOINSTRUCTIONMANUALOR“FORDUMMIES“GUIDENEEDEDAND,ITISINSTANTONANDREQUIRESNOBATTERIESMANYPEOPLETHINKITISSOPERFECTANINVENTIONTHATITCANTBEI

3、MPROVEDUPON,ANDREACTWITHINDIGNATIONATANYIMPLICATIONTOTHECONTRARY“THEBOOK,“SAYSJEFFBEZOS,43,THECEOOFINTERNETCOMMERCEGIANTAMAZONCOM,“JUSTTURNSOUTTOBEANINCREDIBLEDEVICE“THENHEUNCORKSONEOFHISTRADEMARKLAUGHSBOOKSHAVEBEENVERYGOODTOJEFFBEZOSWHENHESOUGHTTOMAKEHISMARKINTHENASCENTDAYSOFTHEWEB,HECHOSETOOPENANO

4、NLINESTOREFORBOOKS,ADECISIONTHATLEDTOBILLIONAIRESTATUSFORHIM,DOTCOMGLORYFORHISCOMPANYANDCOUNTLESSHOURSWASTEDBYAUTHORSCHECKINGTHEIRAMAZONSALESRATINGSBUTASMUCHASBEZOSLOVESBOOKSPROFESSIONALLYANDPERSONALLYHESABIGREADER,ANDHISWIFEISANOVELISTHEALSOUNDERSTANDSTHATTHESURGEOFTECHNOLOGYWILLENGULFALLMEDIA“BOOK

5、SARETHELASTBASTIONOFANALOG,“HESAYS,INACONFERENCEROOMOVERLOOKINGTHESEATTLESKYLINEWEREINTHEFORMERVAHOSPITALTHATISTHEPHYSICALHEADQUARTERSFORTHEWORLDSLARGESTVIRTUALSTORE“MUSICANDVIDEOHAVEBEENDIGITALFORALONGTIME,ANDSHORTFORMREADINGHASBEENDIGITIZED,BEGINNINGWITHTHEEARLYWEBBUTLONGFORMREADINGREALLYHASNT“YET

6、THISWEEKBEZOSISRELEASINGTHEAMAZONKINDLE,ANELECTRONICDEVICETHATHEHOPESWILLLEAPFROGOVERPREVIOUSATTEMPTSATEREADERSANDBECOMETHETURNINGPOINTINATRANSFORMATIONTOWARDBOOK20THATSSHORTHANDFORAREVOLUTIONALREADYINPROGRESSTHATWILLCHANGETHEWAYREADERSREAD,WRITERSWRITEANDPUBLISHERSPUBLISHTHEKINDLEREPRESENTSAMILESTO

7、NEINA2TIMEOFTRANSITION,WHENACHALLENGEDPUBLISHINGINDUSTRYISCOMPETINGWITHTELEVISION,GUITARHEROANDTIMEBURNEDONTHEBLACKBERRYLITERARYCRITICSAREBEMOANINGAPOSSIBLEDEMISEOFPRINTCULTURE,ANDNORMANMAILERSRECENTDEATHUNDERLINEDTHEDEARTHOFNOVELISTSWHOCASTGIANTSHADOWSONTHEOTHERHAND,THEREAREVIBRANTPOCKETSOFBOOKLOVE

8、RSONTHEINTERNETWHOAREWAITINGFORACHANCETOREFURBISHTHEDUSTYHALLSOFLITERACYASWELLPLACEDASAMAZONWASTOJUMPINTOTHISSCRUMANDMAYBEMOVETHINGSFORWARD,ITWASNOTSOMETHINGTHECOMPANYTOOKLIGHTLYAFTERALL,THISISTHEBOOKWERETALKINGABOUT“IFYOUREGOINGTODOSOMETHINGLIKETHIS,YOUHAVETOBEASGOODASTHEBOOKINALOTOFRESPECTS,“SAYSB

9、EZOS“BUTWEALSOHAVETOLOOKFORTHINGSTHATORDINARYBOOKSCANTDO“BOUNDINGTOAWHITEBOARDINTHECONFERENCEROOM,HETICKSOFFANUMBEROFATTRIBUTESTHATABOOKREADINGDEVICEYETANOTHERCOMPUTERPOWEREDGADGETINANEVERMORECROWDEDBACKPACKFULLOFTHEMMUSTHAVEFIRST,ITMUSTPROJECTANAURAOFBOOKISHNESSITSHOULDBELESSOFAWHIZZYGIZMOTHANANAUS

10、TEREVESSELOFCULTURETHEREFORETHEKINDLENAMEDTOEVOKETHECRACKLINGIGNITIONOFKNOWLEDGEHASTHEDIMENSIONSOFAPAPERBACK,WITHATAPERINGOFITSWIDTHTHATEMULATESTHEBULGETOWARDABOOKSBINDINGITWEIGHSBUT103OUNCES,ANDUNLIKEALAPTOPCOMPUTERITDOESNOTRUNHOTORMAKEINTRUSIVEBEEPSAREADINGDEVICEMUSTBESHARPANDDURABLE,BEZOSSAYS,AND

11、WITHTHEUSEOFEINK,ABREAKTHROUGHTECHNOLOGYOFSEVERALYEARSAGOTHATMIMESTHECLARITYOFAPRINTEDBOOK,THEKINDLESSIXINCHSCREENPOSTSREADABLEPAGESTHEBATTERYHASTOLASTFORAWHILE,HEADDS,SINCETHERESNOTHINGSADDERTHANABOOKYOUCANTREADBECAUSEOFELECTILEDYSFUNCTIONTHEKINDLEGETSASMANYAS30HOURSOFREADINGONACHARGE,ANDRECHARGESI

12、NTWOHOURSAND,TOSOOTHETHEANXIETIESOFPRINTCULTURESTALWARTS,INSLEEPMODETHEKINDLEDISPLAYSRETROIMAGESOFANCIENTTEXTS,EARLYPRINTINGPRESSESANDBELOVEDAUTHORSLIKEEMILYDICKINSONANDJANEAUSTENBUTTHENCOMESTHEFEATURESTHATYOURMOMSCOPYOF“GONEWITHTHEWIND“CANTMATCHEBOOKDEVICESLIKETHEKINDLEALLOWYOUTOCHANGETHEFONTSIZEAG

13、INGBABYBOOMERSWILLAPPRECIATETHATEVERYBOOKCANINSTANTLYBEALARGETYPEEDITIONTHEHANDHELDDEVICECANALSOHOLDSEVERALSHELVESWORTHOFBOOKS200OFTHEMONBOARD,HUNDREDSMOREONAMEMORYCARDANDALIMITLESSAMOUNTINVIRTUALLIBRARYSTACKSMAINTAINEDBYAMAZONALSO,THEKINDLEALLOWSYOUTOSEARCHWITHINTHEBOOKFORAPHRASEORNAMESOMEOFTHOSEFE

14、ATURESHAVEBEENAVAILABLEONPREVIOUSEBOOKDEVICES,NOTABLYTHESONYREADERTHEKINDLESREALBREAKTHROUGHSPRINGSFROMAFEATURETHATITS3PREDECESSORSNEVEROFFEREDWIRELESSCONNECTIVITY,VIAASYSTEMCALLEDWHISPERNETITSBASEDONTHEEVDOBROADBANDSERVICEOFFEREDBYCELLPHONECARRIERS,ALLOWINGITTOWORKANYWHERE,NOTJUSTWIFIHOTSPOTSASARES

15、ULT,SAYSBEZOS,“THISISNTADEVICE,ITSASERVICE“SPECIFICALLY,ITSANEXTENSIONOFTHEFAMILIARAMAZONSTOREWHERE,OFCOURSE,KINDLESWILLBESOLDAMAZONHASDESIGNEDTHEKINDLETOOPERATETOTALLYINDEPENDENTOFACOMPUTERYOUCANUSEITTOGOTOTHESTORE,BROWSEFORBOOKS,CHECKOUTYOURPERSONALIZEDRECOMMENDATIONS,ANDREADREADERREVIEWSANDPOSTNE

16、WONES,TAPPINGOUTTHEWORDSONATHUMBFRIENDLYKEYBOARDBUYINGABOOKWITHAKINDLEISAONETOUCHPROCESSANDONCEYOUBUY,THEKINDLEDOESITSNEATESTTRICKITDOWNLOADSTHEBOOKANDINSTALLSITINYOURLIBRARY,READYTOBEDEVOURED“THEVISIONISTHATYOUSHOULDBEABLETOGETANYBOOKNOTJUSTANYBOOKINPRINT,BUTANYBOOKTHATSEVERBEENINPRINTONTHISDEVICEI

17、NLESSTHANAMINUTE,“SAYSBEZOSAMAZONHASWORKEDHARDTOGETPUBLISHERSTOSTEPUPEFFORTSTORELEASEDIGITALVERSIONSOFNEWBOOKSANDBACKLISTS,ANDMORETHAN88,000WILLBEONSALEATTHEKINDLESTOREONLAUNCHTHOUGHBEZOSWONTGETTERRIBLYSPECIFIC,AMAZONITSELFISALSOINVOLVEDINSCANNINGBOOKS,MANYOFWHICHITCAPTUREDASPARTOFITSGROUNDBREAKINGS

18、EARCHINSIDETHEBOOKPROGRAMBUTMOSTAREDONEBYTHEPUBLISHERSTHEMSELVES,ATACOSTOFABOUT200FOREACHBOOKCONVERTEDTODIGITALNEWTITLESROUTINELYGOTHROUGHTHEPROCESS,BUTMANYBACKLISTTITLESARESTILLWAITING“ITSAREALCHOKEPOINT,“SAYSPENGUINCEODAVIDSHANKSAMAZONPRICESKINDLEEDITIONSOFNEWYORKTIMESBESTSELLERSANDNEWRELEASESINHA

19、RDBACKAT999THEFIRSTCHAPTEROFALMOSTANYBOOKISAVAILABLEASAFREESAMPLETHEKINDLEISNOTJUSTFORBOOKSVIATHEAMAZONSTORE,YOUCANSUBSCRIBETONEWSPAPERSTHETIMES,THEWALLSTREETJOURNAL,THEWASHINGTONPOST,LEMONDEANDMAGAZINESTHEATLANTICWHENISSUESGOTOPRESS,THEVIRTUALPUBLICATIONSAREAUTOMATICALLYBEAMEDINTOYOURKINDLEITSMUCHC

20、LOSERTOAVIRTUALNEWSBOYTOSSINGTHEPUBLICATIONONYOURDOORSTEPTHANACCESSINGTHECONTENTSAPIECEATATIMEONTHEWEBYOUCANALSOSUBSCRIBETOSELECTEDBLOGS,WHICHCOSTEITHER99CENTSOR199AMONTHPERBLOGINADDITION,THEKINDLECANVENTUREOUTONTHEWEBITSELFTOLOOKUPTHINGSINWIKIPEDIA,SEARCHVIAGOOGLEORFOLLOWLINKSFROMBLOGSANDOTHERWEBPA

21、GESYOUCANJOTDOWNAGLOSSONTHEPAGEOFTHEBOOKYOUREREADING,ORCAPTUREPASSAGESWITHANELECTRONICVERSIONOFAHIGHLIGHTPENANDIFYOUORAFRIENDSENDSAWORDDOCUMENTORPDFFILETOYOURPRIVATEKINDLEEMAILADDRESS,ITAPPEARSINYOUR4KINDLELIBRARY,JUSTASABOOKDOESTHOUGHBEZOSISRELUCTANTTOMAKETHECOMPARISON,AMAZONBELIEVESITHASCREATEDTHE

22、IPODOFREADINGTHEKINDLE,SHIPPINGASYOUREADTHIS,COSTS399WHENBEZOSANNOUNCESTHATPRICEATTHELAUNCHTHISWEEK,HEWILLPROBABLYGETTHESAMERAISEDEYEBROWREACTIONSTEVEJOBSGOTINOCTOBER2001,WHENHEANNOUNCEDTHATAPPLEWOULDCHARGETHATSAMEPRICEFORITSPOCKETSIZEDIGITALMUSICPLAYERNOWAYAROUNDITITSPRICEYBUTIFALLGOESWELLFORAMAZON

23、,SEVERALYEARSFROMNOWWELLSEEREVAMPEDKINDLES,EQUIPPEDWITHCOLORSCREENSANDOTHERFEATURES,SELLINGFORMUCHLESSANDPHYSICALBOOKSTORES,LIKETHESHUTTEREDTOWERRECORDSOFTODAY,WILLBELONELIERPLACES,ASDIGITALREADINGTHRUSTSUSINTOANEXCITINGANDJARRINGPOSTGUTENBERGERAWILLTHEKINDLEANDITSKINREALLYTAKEONATECHNOLOGYTHATSSHON

24、EFORCENTURIESANDISCONSIDEREDTHEBEDROCKOFOURCIVILIZATIONTHEDEATHOFTHEBOOKOR,MOREBROADLY,THEDEATHOFPRINTHASBEENBANDIEDABOUTFORWELLOVERADECADENOWSVENBIRKERTS,IN“THEGUTENBERGELEGIES“1994,TOOKAPEEKATTHEFUTUREANDCONCLUDED,“WHATTHEWRITERWRITES,HOWHEWRITESANDGETSEDITED,PRINTEDANDSOLD,ANDTHENREADALLTHEOLDASS

25、UMPTIONSAREUNDERSIEGE“SUCHPRONOUNCEMENTSWEREINVARIABLYANSWEREDWITHPROTESTATIONSFROMHARDLINERSWHOINSISTEDTHATNOTHINGCOULDSUPPLANTTHOSESEEMINGLYPERFECTOBJECTSTHATPERCHONOURNIGHTTABLESANDFURNISHOURROOMSCOMPUTERSMAYHAVETAKENOVEREVERYOTHERSTAGEOFTHEPROCESSTHETOOLSOFRESEARCH,COMPOSITIONANDPRODUCTIONBUTTHA

26、TFINALMILEOFTHEPROCESS,WHERETHEREADERMINDMELDSWITHTHEAUTHORINANEXQUISITEASYNCHRONOUSTANGO,WOULDALWAYSBESACROSANCT,SAIDTHEHOLDOUTSIN1994,FORINSTANCE,FICTIONWRITERANNIEPROULXWASQUOTEDASSAYING,“NOBODYISGOINGTOSITDOWNANDREADANOVELONATWITCHYLITTLESCREENEVER“OH,ANNIEIN2007,SCREENSAREUBIQUITOUSANDLESSTWITC

27、HY,ANDPEOPLEHAVEBEENREADINGEVERYTHINGONTHEMDOCUMENTS,NEWSPAPERSTORIES,MAGAZINEARTICLES,BLOGSASWELLAS,YES,NOVELSNOTJUSTONBIGSCREENS,EITHERACOMPANYCALLEDDAILYLITTHISYEARBEGANSENDINGOUTBOOKSNEWONESLICENSEDFROMPUBLISHERSANDCLASSICSFROMAUTHORSLIKEJANEAUSTENSTRAIGHTTOYOUREMAILINBOX,IN1000WORKCHUNKSIVEBEEN

28、READINGBOSWELLS“LIFEOFJOHNSON“ONMYIPHONE,ADEVICETHATISEXPECTEDTOBEAMAJOROUTLETFOREBOOKSINTHECOMINGMONTHSANDRECENTLYACOLUMNISTFORTHECHICAGOTRIBUNEWAXEDRHAPSODICALLYABOUTREADINGJANEAUSTENONHISBLACKBERRYBUTTAKINGONTHETOMEDIRECTLYISTHECHALLENGEFORHANDHELD,DEDICATEDREADINGDEVICES,OFWHICHTHEKINDLEISONLYTH

29、ENEWESTANDMOSTCREDIBLEEFFORTANEARLY5CONTENDERWASTHE22OUNCEROCKETEBOOKITSINVENTORSWENTONTOCREATETHEELECTRICPOWEREDTESLAROADSTERTHEREWEREALSOEFFORTSTODISTRIBUTEEBOOKSBYWAYOFCDROMSBUTTHEBIGPUSHFOREBOOKSINTHEEARLY2000SFIZZLED“THEHARDWAREWASNOTCONSUMERFRIENDLYANDITWASDIFFICULTTOFIND,BUYANDREADEBOOKS,“SAY

30、SCAROLYNREIDY,THEPRESIDENTOFSIMONTHE999CHARGEFORNEWRELEASESANDBESTSELLERSISAMAZONSANSWERYOUCANALSOGETCLASSICSFORASONGIDOWNLOADED“BLEAKHOUSE“FOR199BEZOSEXPLAINSTHATITSONLYFAIRTOCHARGELESSFOREBOOKSBECAUSEYOUCANTGIVETHEMASGIFTS,ANDDUETORESTRICTIVEANTIPIRACYSOFTWARE,YOUCANTLENDTHEMOUTORRESELLTHEMLIBRARI

31、ES,THOUGH,HAVEDEVELOPEDLENDINGPROCEDURESFORPREVIOUSVERSIONSOFEBOOKSLIKETHETAPEIN“MISSIONIMPOSSIBLE,“THEYEVAPORATEAFTERTHELOANPERIODANDBEZOSSAYSTHATHESOPENTOTHEIDEAOFEVENTUALLYDOINGTHATWITHTHEKINDLEPUBLISHERSARERESISTINGTHEIDEAOFCHARGINGLESSFOREBOOKS“IMNOTGOINGALONGWITHIT,“SAYSPENGUINSPETERSHANKSOFAM

32、AZONSLOWPRICEFORBESTSELLERSHESEEMEDSTARTLEDWHENITOLDHIMTHATTHEALANGREENSPANBOOKHEPUBLISHESISFORSALEATTHATPRICE,SINCEHEOFFEREDNOSPECIALDISCOUNTAMAZONISCLEARLYTAKINGALOSSONSUCHBOOKSBUTBEZOSSAYSTHATHECANSUSTAINTHISSCHEMEINDEFINITELY“WEHAVEALOTOFEXPERIENCEINLOWMARGINANDHIGHVOLUMESALEYOUJUSTHAVETOMAKESUR

33、ETHEMIXBETWEENDISCOUNTEDANDHIGHERPRICEDITEMSWORKS“NONETHELESSTHEMAJORPUBLISHERSALLOFWHOMAREONTHEKINDLEBANDWAGONSHOULDLOOSENUPIFYOUREABOUTTOGETONAPLANE,YOUMAYBUYTHENEWERICCLAPTONBIOGRAPHYONAWHIMFOR10CERTAINLYFOR5BUTIFITCOSTSMORETHAN20,YOUMAYWINDUPSCANNINGTHEMAGAZINERACKSFORARGUMENTSSAKE,LETSSAYCUTTIN

34、GTHEPRICEINHALFWILLDOUBLEABOOKSSALESGIVENTHATTHEROYALTYCHECKWOULDBETHESAME,WOULDNTANAUTHORPREFERTWICETHENUMBEROFREADERSWHENIPOSEDTHEQUESTIONTOBESTSELLINGNOVELISTJAMESPATTERSON,WHOWASGIVENANEARLYLOOKATTHEKINDLE,HESAIDTHATIFTHEROYALTYFEEWERETHESAME,HEDTAKETHEREADERSHESALSOABELIEVERTHATTHEKINDLEWILLSUC

35、CEED“THEBABYBOOMERSHAVEALOVEAFFAIRWITHPAPER,“HESAYS“BUTTHENEXTGENPEOPLE,INTHEIR20SANDBELOW,DOEVERYTHINGONASCREEN“8THEMODELOTHERMEDIAUSETOKEEPPRICESDOWN,OFCOURSE,ISADVERTISINGTHOUGHTHISDOESNTSEEMTOBEINKINDLESPLANS,INSOMEDOTCOMQUARTERSPEOPLEAREBRAINSTORMINGADVERTISERSUPPORTEDBOOKS“TODAYITDOESNTMAKESEN

36、SETOPUTADSINBOOKS,BECAUSEOFTHEUNPREDICTABLETIMINGANDREADERSHIP,“SAYSBILLMCCOY,ADOBESGENERALMANAGEROFEPUBLISHING“THATCHANGESWITHDIGITALDISTRIBUTION“ANOTHERPOSSIBLECHANGEWITHCONNECTEDBOOKS,THETETHERBETWEENTHEAUTHORANDTHEBOOKISSTILLACTIVEAFTERPURCHASEERRATACANBECORRECTEDINSTANTLYUPDATES,NOPROBLEMINFACT

37、,INSTEADOFBUYINGABOOKINONEDISCRETETRANSACTION,YOUCOULDSUBSCRIBETOABOOK,WITHTHEEXPECTATIONTHATANAUTHORWILLCONTINUALLYADDTOITTHISWOULDBEMORESUITABLEFORNONFICTIONTHANNOVELS,BUTITSALSOPOSSIBLETHATANOVELISTMIGHTDECIDETOREWRITEANENDING,ORCHANGESOMETHINGINTHEMIDDLEOFTHESTORYWECOULDRETURNTOTHEERAOFDICKENSST

38、YLESERIALIZATIONSWITHANALWAYSONBOOK,ITSCONCEIVABLETHATANAUTHORCOULDNOTONLYREWORKTHENARRATIVEFORFUTUREBUYERS,BUTHEORSHECOULDREACHINSIDEPEOPLESLIBRARIESANDMAKETHECHANGELETSALSOHOPEAMAZONSECURITYISSTRONG,SOTHATWEDONTFINDONEDAYTHATSOMEONEHASHACKED“HARRYPOTTER“OR“MADAMEBOVARY“THOSEAREFAIRLYTAMEDEVELOPMEN

39、TS,THOUGH,COMPAREDWITHTHEMOREPROFOUNDCHANGESTHATSOMEAREANTICIPATINGINACONNECTEDBOOK,THERABBITHOLEISNOLONGERAONEWAYTRANSMISSIONFROMAUTHORTOREADERFORBETTERORFORWORSE,THERESCOMPANYCOMINGTALKTOPEOPLEWHOHAVETHOUGHTABOUTTHEFUTUREOFBOOKSANDTHERESAPHRASEYOUHEARAGAINANDAGAINREADERSWILLREADINPUBLICWRITERSWILL

40、WRITEINPUBLICREADERS,OFCOURSE,AREALREADYENJOYINGAMOREPROMINENTROLEINTHELITERARYCOMMUNITY,TAKINGSTARTURNSINBLOGS,ONLINEFORUMSANDAMAZONREVIEWSTHISWILLONLYINCREASEINTHEERAOFCONNECTEDREADINGDEVICES“BOOKCLUBSCOULDMEETINSIDEOFABOOK,“SAYSBOBSTEIN,APIONEEROFDIGITALMEDIAWHONOWHEADSTHEINSTITUTEFORTHEFUTUREOFT

41、HEBOOK,AFOUNDATIONFUNDEDORGANIZATIONBASEDINHISBROOKLYN,NY,TOWNHOUSEEVENTUALLY,THEIDEAGOES,THECOMMUNITYBECOMESPARTOFTHEPROCESSITSELFSTEINSEESLARGERIMPLICATIONSFORAUTHORSSOMEOFTHEMSOBERINGFORTRADITIONALISTS“HERESWHATIDONTKNOW,“HESAYS“WHATHAPPENSTOTHEIDEAOFAWRITERGOINGOFFTOAQUIETPLACE,INGESTINGINFORMAT

42、IONANDSYNTHESIZINGTHATINTO300PAGESOFCONTENTTHATSUNIQUELYHIS“HISIMPLICATIONISTHATTHATINTRICATEPROCESSMAYGOTHEWAYOFTHELEATHERBOOKMARK,ASTHENOTIONOFAUTHORASAUTHORITARIANFIGUREGIVESWAYTOAWEB20WISDOMOFTHECROWDSPROCESS“THE9IDEAOFAUTHORSHIPWILLCHANGEANDBECOMEMOREOFAPROCESSTHANAPRODUCT,“SAYSBENVERSHBOW,ASSO

43、CIATEDIRECTOROFTHEINSTITUTETHISISALREADYHAPPENINGONTHEWEBINSTEADOFRETREATINGTOACORKLINEDROOMTODOTHEIRWORK,AUTHORSLIKECHRISANDERSON,JOHNBATTELLE“THESEARCH“ANDNYUPROFESSORMITCHELLSTEPHENSABOOKABOUTRELIGIOUSBELIEF,INPROGRESSHAVEWRITTENTHEIRBOOKSWITHTHEBENEFITOFFEEDBACKANDCONTRIBUTIONSFROMACOMMUNITYCENT

44、EREDONTHEIRBLOGS“THEPOSSIBILITYOFINTERACTIONWILLREDEFINEAUTHORSHIP,“SAYSPETERBRANTLEY,EXECUTIVEDIRECTOROFTHEDIGITALLIBRARYFEDERATION,ANASSOCIATIONOFLIBRARIESANDINSTITUTIONSUNLIKESOMEWRITINGINPUBLICADVOCATES,HEDOESNTSPARETHENOVELISTS“MICHAELCHABONWILLHAVETORETHINKHOWHEWRITESFORTHISMEDIUM,“HESAYSBRANT

45、LEYENVISIONSWIKISTYLECOLLABORATIONSWHERETHEAUTHOR,INSTEADOFBEINGTHESOLEAUTHORITY,ISA“SUPERUSER,“THELEADWOLFOFACREATIVEPACKTHOUGHITSHARDTOBELIEVETHATLONESTORYTELLERSWONTALWAYSBETOILINGAWAYINSOMESTARBUCKSWITHTHEWIFITURNEDOFF,EMERGINGAFTERWARDWITHANARRATIVEMASTERPIECEALLTHISBECOMESEVENHEADIERWHENYOUCON

46、SIDERTHATASTHEEBOOKREADERISCOMINGOFAGE,THEREAREHUGEINITIATIVESUNDERWAYTODIGITIZEENTIRELIBRARIESAMAZON,OFCOURSE,ISPARTOFTHATMOVEMENTITSSEARCHINSIDETHEBOOKPROJECTBROKEGROUNDBYPROVIDINGTHEFIRSTOPPORTUNITYFORPEOPLETOGETSEARCHRESULTSFROMACORPUSOFHUNDREDSOFTHOUSANDSOFTOMESBUTASANUNABASHEDBOOKSELLER,ITSGOA

47、LSAREDIFFERENTFROMTHOSEOFOTHERPLAYERS,SUCHASGOOGLEWHOSEMISSIONISCOLLECTINGANDORGANIZINGALLTHEWORLDSINFORMATIONANDTHATOFTHEOPENCONTENTALLIANCE,ACONSORTIUMTHATWANTSTHEWORLDSBOOKSDIGITIZEDINATOTALLYNONPROPRIETARYMANNERTHEDRIVINGFORCEBEHINDTHEALLIANCE,BREWSTERKAHLE,MADEHISFORTUNEBYSELLINGHISCOMPANYTOAMA

48、ZON,BUTISUNHAPPYWITHTHEDIGITALRIGHTSMANAGEMENTONTHEKINDLEHISCHOICEOFANEBOOKREADERWOULDBETHEDIRTCHEAPXODEVICEDESIGNEDBYTHEONELAPTOPPERCHILDFOUNDATIONTHEREARETRICKY,ANDPOTENTIALLYSHOWSTOPPING,LEGALHURDLESTOALLTHISNOTABLYAMAJORCOPYRIGHTSUITFILEDBYACONSORTIUMOFPUBLISHERS,ALONGWITHTHEAUTHORSGUILD,CHARGIN

49、GTHATGOOGLEISINFRINGINGBYCOPYINGTHECONTENTSOFBOOKSITSCANSFORITSDATABASENONETHELESS,THETRENDISDEFINITELYTOCREATEABACKENDOFAMASSIVELYCONNECTEDLIBRARYTOSUPPLYFUTUREEBOOKDEVICESWITHMORECONTENTTHANACITYFULLOFLIBRARIESASJOURNALISTKEVINKELLYWROTEINACONTROVERSIALNEWYORKTIMESMAGAZINEARTICLE,THEGOALISTOMAKE“THEENTIREWORKSOFHUMANKIND,FROMTHEBEGINNINGOFRECORDEDHISTORY,INALLLANGUAGES,AVAILABLETOALLPEOPLE,ALLTHETIME“10GOOGLEHASALREADYSCANNEDAMILLIONBOOKSFROMITSPARTNERLIBRARIESLIKETHEUNIVERSITYOFMICHIGANANDTHENEWYORKPUBLICLIBRARY,ANDTHEYAREAV