《英国文学史及选读》.doc

1、1 英国文学史及选读第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题） 2. Romance （名词解释） 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthurs story 4. Ballad（名词解释） 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chauce

2、r: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet) 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 )8. Renaissance（名词解 释） 9.Thomas More Utopia 10. Sonnet（名词解释） 11. Blank verse（名词解释） 12. Edmund Spenser “ The

3、 Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “ essays” esp. “ Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读） 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗 密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的 sonnet 也很重要，最重要属 sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读） 15. John Milton 三大史诗

4、非常重要，特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的，故事情节来自 Old Testament，另外要知道此书 theme和 Satan的形象。 16. John BunyanThe Pilgrims Progress 17. Founder of the Metaphysical schoolJohn Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images. 18. E

5、nlightenment（名词解释） 19. Neoclassicism（名词解释） 20. Richard Steele“The Tatler” 21. Joseph Addison “ The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。 22. Steels and Addisons styles and their contributions 23. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape

6、 of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations 24. Jonathan Swift: “ Gulliver s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是 Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象 ; （我们主要讲了三个地方） “ A Modest Proposal”比较重要，要注意作者用的 irony也就是反讽手法。 25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achiev

7、ement of 18th century English literature. 26. Daniel Defoe: “ Robinson Crusoe” , “ Moll Flanders” , 当然是 Robinson Crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚， Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意 Defoe的 style和 feature，另外 Defoe是 forerunner of English realistic novel。 27. Samuel Richardson“Pamela” (first epistolary no

8、vel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison” 28. Henry Fielding: “ Joseph Andrews” , “ Jonathan Wild” , “ Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家，另外 Fielding也被称为 father of the English novel. 29. Laurence Sterne “ Tristram Shandy”项狄传 30. Richard Sheridan“The School for Scandal” 31. Oliver Goldsm

9、ith“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted Village” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy), “The Citizen of the World” (collection of essays) 32. Sentimentalism（名词解释） 33. Thomas Gray “ E

10、legy Written in a Country Churchyard”（英国诗歌里非常著名的一首，曾经被誉为“有史以来英国诗歌里最好的一首”） (a representative of sentimentalism and graveyard school of poets 墓园 派诗人 ) * Graveyard School / Poets”: A term applied to eighteenth-century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, on the theme of human m

11、ortality, in moods which range from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom. The vogue resulted in one of the most widely known English poems, Thomas Grays “Elegy written in a country churchyard”. The writing of graveyard poems spread from England to Continental literature in the second part of the ce

12、ntury and also influenced some American poets. 34. In the latter half of the 18th century, Pre-Romanticism; representative: William Blake and Robert Burns. 35. Thomas Percy “ Reliques of Ancient English poetry”许多中古的民谣都是在这个时期重新收集和整理起来的，这个集子是那个时代比较有名的一个民谣集。 36. William Blake比较重要，需要对主要作品有所了解，特别是 Songs

13、of Innocence 和 Songs of Experience, 这两本集子的 contrast一定要注意，另外 Blake的写作特点也要注意，比如语言的简单明了，神秘主义氛围等。 37. Robert Burns伟大的苏格 兰民族诗人 , A Red Red Rose, Scots Wha Hae, Auld Lang Syne等名诗，写作特点 : Scottish dialect; a poet of peasant and Scottish people; plain language; influence from Scottish folk songs and ballads;

14、 musical quality of his poems. 英国文学史及选读第二册练习题 I. 浪漫主义时期 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets. 1. English Romanticism is generally said to have begun with_in 1798. A. the publi

15、cation of Lyrical Ballads 2 B. the death of Sir Scott C. the birth of William Wordsworth D. the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament 2. The Romantic Period is first of all an age of_. A. Novel B. poetry C. drama D. prose 3. Romanticism does not emphasize_. A. the special qualities of e

16、ach individuals mind B. the inner world of the human spirit C. individuality D. the features that men have in common 4._ is not a Romantic poet. A. William Blake B. Sir Scott C. P. B. Shelley D. Lord Byron 5. _ is a Romantic novelist but is impressed with neo-classic strains. A. Walter Scott B. Mary

17、 Shelley C. Jane Austen D. Ann Radcliff 6. _ is not characteristic of William Blakes writing. A. plain and direct language B. compression of meaning C. supernatural quality D. symbolism 7. Wordsworth published Lyrical Ballads in 1789 with _. A. Byron B. Coleridge C. Shelley D. Keats 8. Wordsworth th

18、inks that _ is the only subject of literary interest. A. the life of rising bourgeoisie B. aristocratic life C. the life of the royal family D. common life 9. Don Juan is the masterpiece of_. A. Lord Byrons B. P. B. Shelleys C. John Keatss D. Samuel Coleridges 10. _ is not a novel written by Jane Au

19、sten. A. Jane Eyre B. Sense and Sensibility C. Pride and Prejudice D. Emma II. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook. 1. In essence, Romanticism designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the_as the very center of al

20、l life and all experience. 2. For the Romantics, _ is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter. 3. Wordsworth is regarded as a “worshipper of _.” 4. According to the subjects, Wordsworths short poems can be classified into two groups: poems about nat

21、ure and poems about _. 5. Coleridges achievement as poet can be divided into two remarkably diverse groups: _ and the conversational. 6. As a leading Romanticist, Byrons chief contribution is his creation of the “_.” 7. “_” is Shelleys representative work. 8. _ are generally regarded as Keatss most

22、important and mature work. 9. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is a famous line in Keatss “_.” 10. _is the most delightful of Jane Austens work. III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets. ( )1. The Romantic period is also a great age of pros

23、e. ( )2. Romantics also tend to be nationalistic, defending their own literary heritage against the advocates of classical rules. ( )3. Coleridge has been rewarded as Poet Laureate. ( )4. Keats is one of the “Lake Poets.” ( )5. Jane Austen is a typical Romantic writer. IV. Name the author of each of

24、 the following literary work. 1. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” 2. Songs of Innocence 3. “Ode to a Nightingale” 4. “A Song: Men of England” 5. The Prelude V. Define the literary terms listed below 1. Romanticism 2. Ode VI. For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author

25、 and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it. 1.Be through my lips to unawakened Earth. The trumpet of a prophecy! O, Wind, If winter comes, can Spring be far behind? 2. For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inw

26、ard eye Which is the bliss of solitude; 3 And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils. Keys: I. 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.A II.1.individual 2. human life 3.nature 4.human life 5.the demonic 6.Byronic hero 7. Ode to the West Wind 8. The odes 9. Ode on a Grecian U

27、rn 10. Pride and Prejudice III. 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F IV. 1.Coleridge 2. Blake 3. Keats 4. Shelley 5. Wordsworth V. 1. Romanticism is a movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music and art in western culture during most of the nineteenth century, beginning as a revolt against classicism.

28、There have been many varieties of Romanticism in many different times and places. The leading features of Romantic movements are Wordsworth, Shelley, etc. 2. Ode is a complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject. Odes are often written fo

29、r a special occasion, to honour a person or a season or to commemorate an event. VI. 1. It is taken from Shelleys Ode to the West Wind. In this poem, Shelley eulogizes the powerful west wind and expresses his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. In these last lines, the poet sh

30、ows his optimistic spirit for the future. 2. It is taken from Wordsworths “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.” The poet thinks that it is a bliss to recollect the beauty of nature in his mind while he is in solitude. He expresses his strong affecting for nature in the poem. II.维多利亚时期 I. Each of the state

31、ment below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets 1. The Victorian period roughly began at the enthronement of Queen Victoria in_. A. 1835 B. 1836 C. 1837 D. 1838 2. The critical realists like Charles Dickens

32、in the Victorian period wrote novels_. A. representing the 18th century realist novel B. criticizing the society C. defending the mass E. all the above 3. _is not a Victoria novelist. A. Charles Dickens B. George Eliot C. William Makepeace Thackeray D. D. H. Lawrence 4. _ is not a work by Charles Di

33、ckens. A. Oliver Twist B. David Copperfield C. Middlemarch D. A Tale of Two Cities 5. Wuthering Heights is a masterpiece written by_. A. Charlotte Bronte B. Emily Bronte C. Anne Bronte D. Branwell Bronte 6. _ is not Thomas Hardys work. A. The Mill on the Floss B. Tess of the DUrbervilles C. Jude the

34、 Obscure D. The Mayor of Casterbridge 7. “My Last Duchess” is _. A. a dramatic monologue B. a short lyric C. a novel D. an essay 8. Tennysons “Ulysses” gets its inspiration from the following works or writers except_. A. Homers Odessey B. Joyces Ulysses C. Dante D. Greek Mythology 9. In the 19th cen

35、tury English literature, a new literary trend _ appeared. And it flourished in the 1840s and in the early 1950s. A. romanticism B. naturalism C. realism D. critical realism 10. The title of the novel Vanity Fair was taken from_. A. The Pilgrims Progress B. Childe Harolds Pilgrimage C. Gullivers Trav

36、els D. The Canterbury Tales II. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook 1. The aestheticists such as Oscar Wilde in the Victorian period advocated the theory of “_.” 2. In the Victorian period, _became the most widely read and the most vital

37、 and challenging expression of progressive thought. 3. Charles Dickens is one of the greatest _ writers of the Victorian Age. 4. Tennysons poem “_” is in memory of his bosom friend Arthur Hallam. 5. Robert Browning is famous for his _. 6. George Eliots _ is one of the most mature works in English li

38、terature. 7. Tennysons famous dramatic monologue based on the story in Greek Mythology is “_.” 8. _ is Dickens first child hero. 4 9. Jane Eyre represents those_-class working women who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being. 10. The most important poet of

39、 the Victorian Age was_. Next to him were Robert Browning and his wife. III. Decide whether the following statements are true of false and write your answers in the brackets. ( )1. The Victorian period has been generally regarded as one of the most glorious in the English history. ( )2. Tennyson is

40、famous for his aesthetic viewpoint of “art for arts sake.” ( )3. Wuthering Heights is the masterpiece of Charlotte Brontes. ( ) 4. Brownings “Meeting at Night” and “Parting at Morning” were originally one poem in dramatic monologue. ( )5. Naturalism has played an important part in Thomas Hardys work

41、. IV. Name the author of each of the following literary works. 1. The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club 2. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall 3. In Memoriam 4. The Mill on the Floss 5. The Return of the Native V. Define the literary terms listed below. 1. Dramatic Monologue 2. Critical Realism VI. For

42、 each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it. 1. That same evening the gentleman in the white waistcoat most positively and decidedly affirmed, not only that Oliver would be hung, but t

43、hat he would be drawn and quartered into the bargain. Mr. Bumble shoot his head with gloomy mystery, and said he wished he might come to good; whereunto Mr. Gamfield replied, that he wished he might come to him-which, although he agreed with the beadle in most matters, would seem to be a wish of a t

44、otally opposite description. The next morning, the public were once more informed that Oliver Twist was again To Let, and that five pounds would be paid to anybody who would take possession of him. 2. Thus, neither having the clue to the others secret, they were respectively puzzled at what each rev

45、ealed, and awaited new knowledge of each others character and moods without attempting to pry into each others history. Every day, every hour, brought to him one more little stroke of her nature, and to her one more of his. Tess was trying to lead a repressed life, but she little divined the strengt

46、h of her own vitality. Keys: I. 1.B 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.A II. 1. art for arts sake 2. the novel 3. critical realist 4. Break, Break, Break 5. dramatic monologue 6. Middlemarch 7. Ulysses 8. Oliver Twist 9. middle 10. Tennyson III. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T IV. 1. Charles Dickens 2. Ann

47、e Bronte 3. Alfred Tennyson 4. George Eliot 5. Thomas Hardy V. 1. Dramatic Monologue is a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem. The occasion is usually a crucial one In the speakers personality as well as the incident t

48、hat is the subjects of the poem. An example of a dramatic monologue is “My Last Duchess” by Robert Browning. 2. Critical Realism is a literary movement in the 19th century. It sticks to the principal of faithful representation of the 18th century realistic novel and carries its duty forward to the criticism of