英语专四冲刺班语法词汇专向练习(内部资料).doc

1、 1 2007 年 专四冲刺班语法词汇专项 练习（内部资料） 英语外事管理系 英语专业四级考试历年各语法考点的分布表 考点 数目 比例 (%) 总比例 (%) 非谓语动词 不定式短语 17 8.9 23.0 分词短语 12 6.3 动名词短语 10 5.2 独立主格结构 5 2.6 并列句和复合句 状语从句 27 14.1 26.2 定语从句 16 8.4 名词性从句 7 3.7 虚拟语气 22 11.5 11.5 形容词和副词 17 8.9 8.9 情态动词 12 6.3 6.3 倒装 10 5.2 5.2 省略 10 5.2 5.2 时态 9 4.7 4.7 反意疑问句 5 2.6 2.6

2、 代词 4 2.1 2.1 强调句 2 1.1 1.1 主谓一致 2 1.1 1.1 其他 (插入语 ,冠词 ,数词 ,系动词 ) 10 5.2 5.2 历年试题中出现的重点词汇 2006 年专四出现的考试词汇 重点词汇 Superstition, discrimination, misfortune, Cathedral, executive, splendor, rainforest, renovate, drastically, accommodation, distinction, squeeze, trickle, conspicuous, Stock Exchange, impli

3、cation, squander, stereotype, inferiority, tendency, conflict, jealousy, counterbalance, initiation, irritation, stimulate, attachment, intimacy, subtle, reveal, affectionate, excursion 重点词组 Plunge in, accommodation officer, at the junction of, on the run, text message, intrude on, be inclined to do

4、, feel ashamed of, be occupied with, take my word (for it) 2005 年专四出现的考试词汇 重点词汇 Deficiency, weakness, insufficiency, drain, proceed, enhance, issue, concern, concern with, habitually, consequently, rarely, tolerant, hostile, indifferent, good-tempered, consensus, compromise, humid, enthusiasm, hesit

5、ation, caution, equivalent, similarity, imaginative, ingenious, impractical, theoretical, minority, scarcity, rarity, minimum, finance, budge, concentrated, extensive, exclude, deny, availability, convenience, sparsely 2 重点词组 Get over, get in, get back, get along, go about, go over, nothing but, any

6、thing but, so as to, such as to, on occasion, on purpose, on condition that, take no notice of, move on, move off, go in for, go though, call in, call over, call upon, call out, object to sth/ doing sth, move out, move along, carry into effect, take effect, put into effect, pull back, pull up, pull

7、through, pull out 2004 年专四出现的考试词汇 重点词汇 Jurisdiction, withdrawal, chaos, regime, dramatically, urban, aggression, militant, intellige nce, reject, cycle, reversed, former, regular, temporary, tendency, preference, disclose, grudge, bear a grudge/ grudges, worthless, invaluable, priceless, restore, re

8、vive, renew, drain, spill, shiver, spin, stagger, empathic, eloquent, emotional, vibrant, energetic, thereof, thereby, thereabouts, mortality 重点词组 Call for, react to, in a word, no sooner than , catch up (on), clear up, make up, pick up, to the exclusion of 2003 年专四出现的考试词汇 重点词汇 Intermediate, book, m

9、edium, mid, afford, fragrance, perfume, flavor, massively, plentifully, adequately, identical, alike, acquire, brand, stuff, commodity, nevertheless, extraordinary, unique, rare, acknowledge, switch to, divert from/ to, modify, alter, ensure, enrich, scale, strip, peel, slice, stiff 重点词组 Show off, s

10、how up, show around, answer for ,answer to, answer back, allow for, stem from, tend to, shift to, account for 2002 年专四出现的考试词汇重点词汇 重点词汇 Promising, pleasing, obliging, vacant, deserted, fragment, extract, preset, late, misguided, narrowly, award, compensation, prize, reward 重点词组 Rather than, concentra

11、te on, get over, get away, get off, get across, refer to sth as sth, apply to, make a bid for, on no account, put forward, be committed to, start out 2001 年专四出现的考试词汇 重点词汇 Characteristic, obliging, vacant, extract, preset, late, cyclical, staggering, descent, declined, application, use, utility, qual

12、ity, feature, frustrate, discourage, assign, tackle, usage 重点词组 Get over, refer to sth as sth, amount to, come to, make a bid for, on no account, in proportion t, by/in comparison with, disapproval of, distaste for, dissatisfaction with, dismay at, do away with, in order, in (good/bad) form, in good

13、 (working) order, reduce to, as regards, in that, whats more, as well, for one thing for another, in addition, be restricted to doing, rather 3 than, be confronted with, require sth of sb, be faced with, lack of, a nodding acquaintance, familiarity with, acquaintance with, on ones own 2000 年专四出现的考试词

14、汇 重点词汇 Rudimentary, swerve, uninformative, startling, eclipse, pedestrian, mystique, stifling, exploited, controversial, sensible, infect, primitive, adequate, ambitious, scarf, considerate, checkup 重点词组 Get about, get on, get in, set through, put by, be allergic to, without fail, without hesitation

15、, take a back seat to, on ones behalf, make a clear distinction, put off, put up, put by, by no means, get rid of, have trouble with, call off 1999 年专四出现的考试词汇 重点词汇 Traumatic, jeopardize, instant, urgent, prompt, hasty, exceedingly, excessively, extensively, peculiar, specific 重点词组 Hand down, hand in

16、, agree upon, agree in, agree with, not any more than , no more than, no less than, much more than 1998 年专四出现的考试词汇 重点词汇 Ample, authentically, spontaneous, eternal, simultaneous, synthetic, dispel, disqualify, infinite, ceaseless, everlasting, cultivation, upbringing, innocently, genuinely, substanti

17、al, subsequently, successively, preliminarily, halt, surrender, abandon 重点词组 Be available to sb, cope with, 1997 年专四出现的考试词汇 重点词汇 Renovate, engagement, gleam, prohibit 重点词组 For all, draw upon, be concerned with, reaction to, restrain sb from doing sth, be relevant to, adapt oneself to, conform onesel

18、f to 1996 年专四出现的考试词汇 重点词汇 Considerate, considerable, profound, respectful, respecting, respectable, vacate, dweller, tenant, primitive, initial, original, elementary, spoilt, deliberate, compulsory, spontaneous, voluntary 重点词组 At the heart of, discourage sb from doing sth, be involved in, have no wa

19、y of doing sth, come to, come around, come on, come up with, look up, look up to, pay up, keep up, stand up to, carry off, carry away, carry on, for lack of, other than 1995 年专四出现的考试词汇 4 重点词汇 Repel, sovereign, resent, proprietor, nuisance, annoyance, refresh, restore, pedigree, hectic, autograph, po

20、tential, coexist, honorary, honorific, splash, scatter, insistent, persistent, consistent, resistant, mute, illusion, vision, client, landlord, tenant, proprietor, massacre, bid, auction, embarrassment, distress 重点词组 Uphold the sentence, pull through, acquaint sb with sth, throw off, throw down, thr

21、ow over, acquaint sb with sth, over a cup of coffee/tea, get over, success in doing sth, influence on 1994 年专四出现的考试词汇 重点词汇 Volume, pitch, reclaim, deprive, punch, whip, unsurpassed, inadvertently, fascinating, scatter, dignity, sensible, faint, pale, bleach, fade, withhold, scarcity, proficiency, ca

22、pacity, excursion, attendant, subsequently, affection, disassemble 重点词组 Shut sb up, close up, stop up, in the first place, appeal to, be intent on, be absorbed in, be engrossed in, be involved in, bring forward, bring about, bring on, withhold from, deprive of, obtain sth from, benefit from, dispose

23、 of, later on 1993 年专四出现的考试词汇 重点词汇 Imaginable, imaginative, imaginary, playful, obscurity, ignorance, misgiving, squeezed, eyestrain, exemption, amateur, certificate, elegance, leisure, miserly, disgusted, discard, dispel, discharge, worthless, invaluable, priceless, unworthy, hint, clue, neglectful

24、, negligible, neglected, negligent, proficient, outstanding, prominent, stale, misty, incident, marvelous, recipe, ingredient 重点词组 Be lacking in, catch on, draw up, draw on, draw out, draw back, comment on sth, dispose of, in half, regret to do sth, regret doing sth, preside over, mow that, on the r

25、oad, on the march, on the move, come upon, come on 语法点一： 主谓一致 1 在一般现在时中，若主语是单数第三人称，谓 语动词则要加 -s 或 -es, 具体变化同名词的单数变复数 。如： He goes to school at 8 every morning. 不说： He go . 1) 单数第三人称作主语的词包括： 单数人称代词： he, she, it 不定代词： each, everyone 人名： John, Bill Gates 等。 普通单数名词： my brother, English 等。 2）单数动词的变化有： beis

26、; havehas; 其他动词在词尾加 -s 或 -es, 具体变化同名词的单数变复数， workworks,study-studies。 若主语是单数第一、第二人称或复数，则谓语动词永原形，不需要加 -s 或 -es.常见的这样的主语有：单数人称代词： I, you 复数人称代词： we, you, they 复数名词： students, books 等。 2 在助动词或情态动词后面，直接接动词原型。 a. She can sing in English. b. He goes to school early. He doesnt go to school early. 3 There b

27、e 句型的主谓一致。 研究下列句子 ： 5 There is a book on the desk. There are two books on the desk. There be 句型是一倒装结构，因此谓语动词的单复数要与 be 动词后面的名词一致。 4 “数量词 +名词”结构的主谓一致 只与可数名词连用 只接单数的 One Each every One boy Each boy Every boy 单数谓语 Every boy is smart. Every boy has a gift. Every boy studies hard. 只接复数的 Two, three, etc. B

28、oth A couple of A few Few Several Many A number of Two boys Both boys A couple of boys A few boys Few boys Several boys Many boys A number of boys 复数谓语 Many boys are smart. Many boys have a gift. Many boys study hard. 只与不可数名词 连用 A little Little Much A great deal of A large amount of A little water L

29、ittle water Much water A great deal of water A large amount of water 单数谓语 Much water is clean. Much water has bacteria. 与可数名词复数或不可数名词连用均可 Not any Some A lot of Lots of Plenty of Most all Not any boys, not any water Some boys, some water A lot of boys, a lot of water Lots of boys, lots of water Plent

30、y of boys, plenty of water Most boys, most water All boys, all water 接可数复数名词时用复数谓语；接不可数名词时用单数谓语。 Some water is clean. Some boys are smart. 在上述数量词中，有些还可以接 of 短于连用。具体用法如下： All/most/some/any of + 特指限定词 +复数可数或不可数名词 Most of my/these/the/Johns books are interesting. Most of the information is useless. Man

31、y/a few/few/several/both/two/three/of +特指限定词 +复数可数名词 Many of these students are good at English. 总的规则： 接可数复数名词时用复数谓语；接不可数名词时用单数谓语。 Much/a little/little of +特指限定词 +不可数名词 Much of the water is wasted One of Each of + 特指限定词 +复数可数名词 +单数谓语 Every one of One of my students is good at English. Every one of m

32、y students is good at English. 6 5 单数形式的名词作主语与谓语动词形式的关系 一般来说 ,单数名词作主语 ,谓语动词用单数形式 ,这个符合英语中的语法上一致原则。但此种情况也有例外。现在详细归纳如下： 1） Many a +名词单数，虽为复数概念，但谓语用单数。 a. There is many an error that he has neglected. b. Many a man and (many a) woman has wished that he or she had had a better education. (Many men and w

33、omen have .) 2)More than one+可数名词单数，是复数概念，但谓语用单数。 a. There is more than one answer to this question. b. More than one topic has been discussed at the meeting. 与此类似的另一个结构： more+复数名词 +than one, 谓语用复数。 a. More topics than one have been discussed at the meeting. b. More persons than one were killed. 3)

34、a+单数名词 +or two 作主语，谓语用单数。 One or two+复数名词，谓语用复数。 a. A word or two is misused in the sentence. b. One or two words are misused in the sentence. 4) 对于集体名词，如： party, crowd, class, team, family, crew, government, committee, audience, public 等，则要视情况而定： a. 若集体名词被看成一个整体，则用单数谓语。 b. 若集体名词被看成是有具体若干成员组成的，则用复数谓

35、语。 试比较： The public is the best judge. The public are requested to write down their names in this book. He has joined the football team who are all famous footballers. A football team which keeps on training hard is more likely to win. There was a large audience in the great hall. The audience were e

36、xcited. 但集体名词： police, militia(民兵 )， cattle, people 等总是接复数动词，而 mankind, humanity 接单数动词。 Police in Guangdong Province are investigating an organized cheating operation in Dianbai Country of the province during national college entrance exams. 5) 定冠词 the+adj. 或过去分词 （ 1） 若表示抽象概念，谓语用单数。（见 a,b,c 句） （ 2）

37、表示一类人，则为复数概念，谓语用复数。（见 d,e 句） （ 3） 有时根据上下文来判断。（见 f,g 句） a. The good in him overweight the bad. (抽象概念 )他身上的优点比缺点多。 b. The best is yet to come. c. The beautiful is not always the same as the good. d. The blind are unfortunate. e. The oppressed are to rise one day. f. The deceased was his mother. (表示单个的

38、人 ) g. The deceased were ten farmers. 6. 复数形式的名词作主语与谓语动词形式的关系 这种情况下，谓语动词形式不能一概而论。不过一条原则是： （ 1）若 复数形式的名词表示的是复数概念，则显然要接复数谓语； （ 2）若复数形式的名词表示的是单数的概念，或将其看成一个整体部分，则用单数谓语。 这么说来，在这种情况下，我们主要采用意义一致的原则来判断主谓一致。 7 1）常见的表示成对概念的复数名词，如： pants, trousers, scissors, scales（天平）， glasses, binoculars(双筒望远镜 )， spectacles,

39、 bifocals（双光眼镜）。谓语动词用复数。 Where are my glasses? 2)形式上是复数（词尾加 s） ,但表示单数概念的词，谓语用单数。 Works(工厂 )、 gallows(绞刑架 )、 politics, statistics, measles, diabetes a. Politics is often a popular topic among people. b. Statistics is a science. 单若 politics, statistics 不表示学科，而分别表示“政治观点”，“统计数据”时，则需要复数。 Statistics prove

40、 that . What are your politics? 3)表示时间 , 重量 ,数额的复数名词作主语，我们通常将它们看成一个整体，故谓语用单数。 a. The years is a moment in history. b. One hundred dollars is a large sum for the poor. c. Two tons is enough. d. The difference between America and England is, the English think 100 miles is a long d istance and American

41、s think 100 years is a long time. 值得注意的是 ,若“数词”单用，表示人或物，谓语动词一般用复数。 a. Ten were killed and five were missing and several were severely wounded in that accident. b. Few know the fact. 4)复数的专有名词后面都接复数谓语动词： a. The Great Lakes are a series of five lakes between the USA and Canada. 不过特殊的有： the United Nati

42、ons, the United States 均看作一个整体，故用单数谓语动词。 7并列主语与谓语动词形式的关系 1）由 and 连接的多个成分，若表示一种事物或一种概念时，用单数动词；若表示的是多个不同的概念时，则用复数动词。 a. The writer and translator is delivering a speech in our college tonight. (writer 和 translator 是指同一个人 ) b. The writer and the translator are delivering a speech in our college tonight

43、.(此处指连个人 ) c. The tenth and last lesson is translated by him.（同一课） d. The tenth and the last lesson are translated by him.(两个不同的课 ) 2）若 and 连接两个并列主语，且 and 后面的名词有相关的副词（ not, perhaps, particularly, even, too, likewise, as well 等）修饰，则谓语动词形式与 and 前面的名词保持一致。因为此时句子的真正主语应是 and 前面的名词，此时 and 与前面的名词之间常有逗号隔开。

44、a. The horse and not the donkey is used in games of racing. b. Tom, and not Jim, has gone there. c. That the sun and not the earth is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages. d. Jack, and perhaps Williams, has been there. e. Jack, and particularly his p

45、arents, is fond of this music. 3) 两个表示不同物质的名词，虽由 and 连接，但习惯上此两样东西常常被同时使用，这时我们将二者看作是一整体，故谓语动词仍用单数。常见的这样的名词有： a. Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast. b. Apple pie and ice cream is the favorite dessert of many people. c. The fork and knife is hard for me to use 4) or 连接的并列主语，动词形式与 or 最靠近的主语保持一致。

46、a. He or I am to go. b. Her sisters or his brother has a hobby of collecting stamps. 5) every and(every) each , and(each) , any and(any) , no and(no) , many a and(many a) 连接的并列主语，用单数谓语动词。 8 a. Every hour and every minute is important. b. Every man, woman and child is an important being. c. Every boy

47、 and girl has to have his hair neatly combed d. Many a man and (many a) woman has wished he or she had had a better education. 6) either or , not only but also , neither .nor , 谓语动词单复数与 or, but(also), nor 后面的词一致。 a. Not only the students but also their teacher is required to attend the meeting. b. N

48、ot only their teacher but also the students are required to attend the meeting. 7) 与第六点形成对照的是，“主语 +with, together with, along with, as well as, as much as, including, in addition to, added to, except, besides, rather than, accompanied by+另一主语”的结构中，谓语动词形式与第一个主语保持人称和数的一致。 a. Mary, along with her siste

49、rs, attends the sessions regularly. b. The students as well as the teacher are required to attend the meeting. c. I, as well as they, am ready to help you. 8. 在 of 结构中谓语动词的单复数 这类情况较为复杂，且不总是那么具有规律性。基本可归纳如下： 1）像 kind, type, sort, class, species, breed, variety, form, brand, make 等表示类别的名词，总的规律是：句子谓语动词单复数与 of 前面的名词形式保持一致。 a. What kind of rice is served in that restaurant? b. This kind of