1、 1 英语词类知识点整理 一 . 冠词 : 冠词用在名词的前面,有定冠词 the与不定冠词 a; an之分。定冠词表示 确指 ,译作 这 (那 )个 ;不定冠词表示 泛指 ,译作 一个 。 例题解析 : ( ) _ lady over there is _ university teacher. A) A, the B) The, an C) The, a D) The, the over there意为 那边的 ,是后置定语,它表示前面名词 lady(女士)是 确指 的 说法,因此要加上定冠词 the。后半句意为 一位大学教师 ,是泛指的说法,因此要加上不定冠词 a或 an。由于 unive
2、rsity的读音起始于辅音 j,因此要加定冠词 a。所以本题答案应该选 C。 ( ) He prefers playing _ piano to playing _ hockey. A) the, the B) the, / C) / , / D) / , the piano意为 钢琴 ,属于乐器,要求前面加定冠词 the。后半句中 hockey意为 曲棍球 ,属于球类活动,要求不加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选 B。 ( ) Mr. Black was made _ manager of our company. A) / B) a C) an D) the manager表示被选的职位,前面
3、不应加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选 A。 此外,冠词还有许多特殊的用法: 1. 由普通名词组成的专有名词前,要加定冠词,如: the Great Wall(长城) 2. 在 拼音名词前,一般不加任何冠词,如: Thomas Green; Changfeng Park 3. 在江、河、湖、海前,即使是拼音名词,也要加定冠词 the,如: the Dongting Lake 4. 一般用 单数名词加 a;复数名词不加 the来表示 泛指 的意思。 习题训练 : Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案,用 A、 B、 C 或 D 表示,填入空格内 ): ( ) 1. The
4、re is _ u in _ word uniform. A) an, a B) an, the C) a, a D) a, the ( ) 2. _ sign here stands for _ mistake. A) A, a B) A, the C) The, a D) The, the ( ) 3. We made Joyce _ monitor _ her experience. A) a, because B) the, because C) / , because of D) the , because of ( ) 4.Two months ago Mr. Green wrot
5、e _ article on Shanghai International Art Festival. A) the B) an C) a D) / ( ) 5. Q: Is Mr. White _ teacher of your school? A: Yes. _ teacher is from Australia. A) a, A B) a, The C) the, The D) the, A ( ) 6. Paul is _ European student. He likes to study _ history of China. A) a, the B) a, / C) an, t
6、he D) an, / ( ) 7. This is _ honey. As we all know, _ honey is sweet. A) / , the B) / , / C) the, / D) the, the ( ) 8. They didnt catch the last train because of _. A) some heavy traffics B) any heavy traffic C) heavy traffic D) a heavy traffic ( ) 9. It wont take long, its only _ walk. A) ten-minut
7、es B) ten minutes C) ten minutes D) ten-minutes 二 .名词 : 名词表示人或物体的名称,有普通名词 (park)、专有名词 (Peter; Party)、集合名词 (family, class, police)、缩写名词 (SARS, CEO, WTO) 等。总体上说,它们可以分成两大类;即可数名词和不可数名词。要注意它们在句中的不同要求和变化。 例题解析 : ( ) His grandfather is _. A) Robert Bob B) Tom Black C) Kate White D) Black Green 2 英语中,人的姓名排列
8、是倒过来的;先是名,即 first name,后为姓,即 second name,也可叫做 family name或 surname。做这类题目,必须先搞清楚哪个单词是表示名字,哪个单词是表示姓氏,名字还要分清男女性别。这道题中说的是 爷爷 ,是男名,所以本题答案应该选 B。 ( ) _ are playing tennis in the playground. A) The Browns B) The Browns C) Browns D) Browns 英语中,姓氏前加定冠词 the,后面加 s,有 一家人 之意。所以本题答案应该选 A。 ( ) Be careful. There is
9、a _ hole in the ground. A) two-foot-deep B) two-feet-deep C) two-foot deep D) two-feet deep 这道题目考的是复合形容词。在复合形容词中的名词应该用单数形式,在整个复合形容词中的各个单词都要用短横 来连接。由于它被看作为一个普通的形容词,因此,在可数名词前还要再加上冠词。此句中, 一个两英尺深的洞 应译为 a two-foot-deep hole,所以本题答案应该选 A。 ( ) Hes got bad toothache. Hed better go to _. A) dentist B) the den
10、tist C) the dentists D) see the dentists 去看牙科医生 可译为 go to see the dentist或 go to the dentists。后一个词语中的 the dentists表示the dentists clinic。所以本题答案应该选 C。 ( ) The _ teachers wondered if the _ students were in trouble. A) woman, boy B) woman, boys C) women, boy D) women, boys 英语中, 女教师们 应该译为 women teachers,
11、而 男学生们 应该译为 boy students。 所以本题答案应该选 C。 ( ) _ came that Houston Rocket won again and Yao Ming got the most scores. A) A news B) Message C) Word D) Words 据说 在英语中有多种说法: It was said that、 Word came that、 News came that、 A message came that 等。所以本题答案应该选 C。 ( ) All of a sudden, something on the ground caug
12、ht _. A) his eye B) his eyes C) his own eyes D) eyes of his own catch ones eye是固定词组,意为 引起某人注意 ;即 be noticed by sb.。此句中, eye是 视线 之意,由 eyesight演变而来。随着语言的发展,一些词语会产生演变,大致上都是朝 简单化 方向发展,如:countrysidecountry 、 mankindman 、 campsitecamp 、 in the daytimein the day等。所以本题答案应该选 A。 ( ) The lady with long _ found
13、 her husband had already got three gray _. A) hair, hair B) hair, hairs C) hairs, hair D) hairs, hair 要掌握英语中哪些是可数名词,哪些是不可数名词。但是有些名词具有可数和不可数两种性质,要靠具体说法来判别。如这道题中的 hair(头发)就是这类词。前半句说的是 一头长发 ,是不可数名词;后半句说的是 三根白发 ,是可数名词。所以本题答案应该选 B。 习题训练 : Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案,用 A、 B、 C 或 D 表示,填入空格内 ): ( ) 1.
14、He has got _ to tell you. A) a good news B) some news C) a lot news D) many news ( ) 2. Its seven oclock. _ are sitting at table. A) Mr. Greens B) The Greens C) The Greens D) Greens ( ) 3. Your brother is the same _ mine. A) old as B) age as C) old like D) age like ( ) 4. Our bodies need food to giv
15、e us _. A) health B) strong C) energy D) taste ( ) 5. A lemon is the same _ as a banana. A) yellow B) colour C) fresh D) sweet ( ) 6. What kind of _ do you like best? A) watermelon B) the watermelon C) a watermelon D) watermelons ( ) 7. Look at this magazine. Lets do the _ about eating habits. A) qu
16、iz B) list C) cooking D) dinner 三 .代词 : 代词是名词的代用词,有指示代词 (this, those)、人称代词主宾格 (I, me)、形容词性物主代词 (my)、名3 词性物主代词 (mine)、反身代词 (myself)、不定代词 (either, others, anything, nobody)。其中,不定代词的变化最复杂。在不同的句子中,它们的变化和要求都不一样,这一点我们一定要有充分的认识,不能掉以轻心。 例题解析 : ( ) Would you please give _? A) him it B) it him C) to him it D)
17、 it to him 英语中,当直接宾语(人)与间接宾语(物)都用人称代词时,一定要先讲间接宾语(物)后讲直接宾语(人),而且要在直接宾语(人)前加上介词 to。 所以本题答案应该选 D。 ( ) She always thinks of _ more than _. A) others, her B) the others, she C) others, herself D) the others, herself 在英语中, 别人 属于 泛指 ,应译为 others。后半句是介词 of的宾语。由于这里的 她 与主语的 她 是属于同一个人,因此不能用人称代词宾格作宾语,要用反身代词作宾语才对
18、。所以本题答案应该选 C。 ( ) Some people like watching the sports news, _ prefer TV series. A) the others B) the other C) others D) another 在英语中, 一些 ,另一些 有两种译法: Some , the others 是属于 非此即彼 的两部分情况,而 Some , others 是指有第三部分的情况存在。本题意为 一部分人喜欢看体育消息,而另一部分人比较欣赏电视剧 ,显然还有其他人喜欢其他的内容,所以本题答案应该选 C。 ( ) The light in the room w
19、as too poor for _ to see it clearly. A) everyone B) someone C) anyone D) none 英语中, too to 意为 太 而不能 ,具有否定的含义。因此, for sb.中应该选运用在否定句中的anyone才对。所以本题答案应该选 C。 ( ) _ the fuel here is from foreign countries, so we must make full use of it. A) Some B) Much C) The most of D) Most of 带有定冠词 the的名词前,应该用代词词组: som
20、e of(意为 其中一些 )、 much of( 意为 其中许多 )、 most of(意为 其中大多数 ) 等。 the mose of(意为 其中最多的 )在本句中的译法欠妥,所以本题答案应该选 D。 ( ) Can you call on my mother on Saturday or Sunday? Im afraid _ day is possible A) either B) each C) both D) neither 在英语中,有 两者 和 三者以上 的不同词语说法: both意为 两者都 、 all意为 三者以上都 、 neither意为 两者都不 、 none或 no
21、one意为 三者以上都不 、 either意为 两者之一 、 one意为 三者以上之一 、between意为 两者之间 、 among意为 三者以上之间 。根据本题句意,答句应该是说 我恐怕没有一天能行 , 所以本题答案应该选 D。 ( ) There are three bathrooms in the house. One is upstairs, _ two are downstairs. A) other B) the other C) others D) the others 在英语中, 另两个 的译法有多种: the other two、 the others、 the rest。
22、由于本句中讲到三间浴室, 另两间 的说法应该是 确指 的,因此,必须有定冠词 the。又由于后句已经写了 two,因此这里要选作形容词用的 other。 所以本题答案应该选 B。 ( ) The dishes on Table One are much fewer than _ on Table Two. A) that B) those C) dishes D) / 要注意所比较的两个对象具有对称性:这句是 the dishes on Table One(一桌上的菜)和 the dishes on Table Two(二桌上的菜)作比较,因此后半句中的 菜 字不能省略。 that与 thos
23、e是比较级句中的专用代词。由于该句中所比较的对象是复数,因此,要用 those来代替前面的名词。所以本题答案应该选 B。 ( ) There are more people in this room than _ in that one. A) that B) those C) people D) / 要注意在 There is 或 There are 的比较级句型中,习惯上不用上题所讲到的专用代词。所以本题答案应该选 D。 习题训练: Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案,用 A、 B、 C 或 D 表示,填入空格内 ): ( ) 1. Show your wat
24、ch _ me. _ is slow. A) to, Mine B) to, My C) for, Mine D) for, My ( ) 2. _ do you like _, the summer holidays or the winter holidays? A) What, better B) What, best C) Which, better D) Which, best ( ) 3. She wrote a letter and enclosed a photo of _ taken in her housing estate. 4 A) herself B) her C)
25、hers D) myself ( ) 4. She told Jack, Tom and me to _ among _. A) talk it over, us B) talk over it, us C) talk it over, ourselves D) talk over it, ourselves ( ) 5. Ill do it by myself. I wont need _ help. A) anyones else B) anyone elses C) anyone others D) other anyones ( ) 6. I heard _ until my frie
26、nd told me about it. A) everything B) something C) nothing D) anything ( ) 7. Would you like _ more bread, Jack? A) any B) another C) little D) a little ( ) 8. Only one student got the right answer. But _ didnt. A) the other B) another C) others D) the rest ( ) 9. He doesnt think _ of them will go t
27、here with you. A) none B) some C) many D) much ( )10. The film is dull and _ people like it. A) a few B) few C) a little D) little ( )11. Have you all _? A) got ready everything B) got everything ready for C) got everything ready D) got ready for everything ( )12. Help _ to some sweets, everyone. A)
28、 yourselves B) your own C) yourself D) by yourself ( )13. He has six uncles. Five of them are doctors and _ is a driver. A) another B) the sixth C) other D) the other ( )14. Believe or not, I did it all by _. A) me B) us C) myself D) ourselves ( )15. A: Are these two books yours ? B: No, _ of them i
29、s mine. A) either B) none C) both D) neither ( )16. Neither of the twins _ the toy train. A) like B) likes C) is like D) are like 四 .数词 : 数词有基数词和序数词之分:基数词表示数量概念;序数词表示顺序概念。首先要注意一些数词在写法上的变化,如: forty; ninth; twentieth 更要注意它们在句子中的不同用法和变化。 例题解析 : ( ) About _ students went to the picture show that day. A)
30、 hundreds of B) two hundreds C) two hundred of D) two hundred about意为 大 约 ,是指具体数量,因此,不能用表示不定数量的词语 hundreds of(意为 成百个 )。在表示确定数量时,英语中的 hundred不加 s,即不变复数。再由于 students前没有定冠词 the,不是 其中 之意,因此,也不能加介词 of。 所以本题答案应该选 D。 ( ) _ of _ Class Four students have joined the singing group. A) Three-fifths, the B) Thre
31、e-fifth, the C) Three-fifths, / D) Three-fifth, / 英语中, 几分之几 的表达方式是分子用基数词、分母用序数词,中间用短横 连接。当分子大于 一 时,分母序数词要加 s。再由于本题句中数量用的是 of词组,即意为 其中的五分之三 ,因此后面的名词students必定是 确指 的,要加定冠词 the。 所以本题答案应该选 A。在这里要特别注意的是:不要看到 students前有修饰词 Class Four就不敢加定冠词 the,要懂得这里的 the是修饰 students的。同样,the English language词语的表达形式也类似于此种情
32、况。 习题训练 : Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案,用 A、 B、 C 或 D 表示,填入空格内 ): ( ) 1.John has twelve coins and Joan has _ ones, three times as many as John. A) thirteen B) fifteen C) thirty-six D) forty-eight ( ) 2.The post code used in our neighbourhood is _. A) 56348574 B) 200333 C) a quarter D) a dozen ( )
33、 3.Today is her brothers birthday. _ is on _. 5 A) She, fifth of May B) She, May fifth C) Hers, May fifth D) Hers, May the fifth ( ) 4. _ of the students go to school by bike. A) Two-three B) Two-thirds C) Two-threes D) Two-third ( ) 5.There are about _ seats in the hall. A) two hundreds B) two hund
34、red C) hundreds of D) two hundred of ( ) 6. A: How often should we publish the paper? B: _. A) In one weeks time B) Once a month C) After two weeks D) For half a month ( ) 7. About _ the students went to the Science Museum last Thursday. A) hundreds of B) two hundred C) two hundred of D) two hundred
35、s 五 .介词 : 介词是一种虚词,它不能单独使用,后面要跟名词、人称代词宾格或动名词。同一个动词,搭配不同的介词,可以衍变出各种不同含义的词组来,而且在不同场合所用介词也各不相同。因此,介词的用法是比较复杂的,要求我们去逐个记住。只有在看懂、理解整个句意的前提下,才能选对正确的介词。 例题解析 : ( ) Mr. Brown flew to Washington _ the night before last. A) in B) on C) at D) / 在表达某一天的具体时间时, 应该用介词 on。但是本句是表达 在前天的夜里 ,与 在前天 (the day before yesterd
36、ay)相仿,前面不该用任何介词,所以本题答案应该选 D。 ( ) The school gate is _ the north of the classroom building. A) in B) to C) on D) at 在英语中,表达 东、南、西、北 的方位介词常见有三个:表示在方位区域的内部时,用介词 in。如:The playground is in the south of the school.(操场在学校的南面。)表示在与方位区域连壤的外部时,应该用介词 on。如: Room 203 is on the west of Room 205.( 203 室在 205 室的西面。
37、)表示在与方位区域不连壤的外部时,应该用介词 to。如: Shanghai is to the east of Nanjing.(上海在南京的东面。)本题的 校门 在 教学大楼 的北面,应该用介词 to,所以答案应该选 B。 ( ) Youll get one thousand dollars _. A) after all B) at all C) in all D) all together after all意为 到底 、 毕竟 、 终于 ; at all通常与 not连用,意为 完全不 、 一点也不 ; in all通常用于数量词后面,意为 总共 ,同义词是 altogether。所以
38、本题答案应该选 C。 ( ) This bus can run _ 70 miles an hour. A) for B) with C) at D) in 在表示 速度 、 温度 、 价格 意思时,应该用介词 at。所以本题答案应该选 C。 ( ) Its said he stayed there quietly _ two oclock that afternoon. A) on B) at C) until D) by at two oclock that afternoon意为 在昨天下午两点钟 ,时态通常用 过去进行时 ; by two oclock that afternoon意为
39、 在昨天下午两点钟前 , 时态通常用 过去完成时 ; until two oclock that afternoon意为 直到昨天下午两点钟 , 时态通常用 一般过去时 。本句中 stay是延续动词,因此可用 until句型;如果句中谓语是瞬间动词的话,就应该用 not until 句型了。所以本题答案应该选 C。 ( ) Tom didnt attend the lecture yesterday evening _ his illness. A) as B) for C) because D)because of 在本句中, 因为生病 是一个词语,而不是原因状语从句,因此,不能选连词 as
40、、 for或 because来连接,而要用介词词组 because of。所以本题答案应该选 D。 ( ) Now its quite important _ us to make full use of time. A) for B) to C) of D) with Its important to sb.( 意为 它对某人来说很重要 )是词语搭配, Its for sb. to do (意为 做某事对某人来说是怎样的 )是句型。当两者交叉、重叠使用时,词语要让位于句型。所以本题答案应该选 A。同样, I like it so much that 句型中用 so、而不用 very,也属于这
41、种类型的表达方式。 ( ) Its nice _ you to get the ticket _ F1. Its said the car-race is very exciting. A) of, for B) for, for C) of, of D) for, of 这句是 Its of sb. to do 句型,意为 某人真是怎么样,做了某事 。后半句中 ticket for是固定词语,意为 什么内容的票子 。 所以本题答案应该选 A。 习题训练 : 6 Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案,用 A、 B、 C 或 D 表示,填入空格内 ): ( ) 1.
42、You can draw it _ paints and brushes. A) by B) with C) in D) use ( ) 2. What did you have _ breakfast? A) as B) with C) about D) for ( ) 3. The police _ helping to make our city a safe place to live and work _. A) is, in B) are, in C) is, / D) are, / ( ) 4. Ive got three question _ you to think abou
43、t. A) of B) for C) give D) to show ( ) 5. We can ask people _ the Festival to do the quiz. A) in B) on C) at D) for ( ) 6. What happens when we put some sugar _ a glass of warm water? A) on B) off C) out D) into ( ) 7. _ they arrived at the village after all. A) At the end B) In the end C) Last D) A
44、ttentively ( ) 8. The class teacher was sent _ Christmas cards _ some of the students. A) to, by B) / , by C) to, from D) / , to ( ) 9. Q: What is that film _? A: Its a science film. A) like B) about C) on D) for ( )10. Why not ask your friend _ some advice if youre really in trouble? A) offer B) to give C) to D) for ( )11. The beautif
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